Eurocode 3 Part 3 prEN 1993 3 2001

background image

(8523($135(67$1'$5'

SU(1[[

35e1250((8523e(11(

(8523b,6&+(9251250

2FWREHU

8'&

'HVFULSWRUV

(QJOLVKYHUVLRQ

(XURFRGH'HVLJQRIVWHHOVWUXFWXUHV

3DUW%XLOGLQJV

&DOFXOGHVVWUXFWXUHVHQDFLHU

%HPHVVXQJXQG.RQVWUXNWLRQYRQ6WDKOEDXWHQ

3DUWLH

7HLO

,QJqQLHULHGXEkWLPHQW

+RFKEDX

&(1

(XURSHDQ&RPPLWWHHIRU6WDQGDUGLVDWLRQ

&RPLWp(XURSpHQGH1RUPDOLVDWLRQ

(XURSlLVFKHV.RPLWHHIU1RUPXQJ

&HQWUDO6HFUHWDULDWUXHGH6WDVVDUW%%UXVVHOV

‹[[&RS\ULJKWUHVHUYHGWRDOO&(1PHPEHUV

5HI1R(1[[(

background image

3DJH

)LQDOGUDIW

SU(1[[

2FWREHU

&RQWHQW

3DJH

)RUHZRUG

*HQHUDO

6FRSH

6FRSHRI(XURFRGH

6FRSHRI3DUWRI(XURFRGH

1RUPDWLYHUHIHUHQFHV

$VVXPSWLRQV

'LVWLQFWLRQEHWZHHQSULQFLSOHVDQGDSSOLFDWLRQUXOHV

'HILQLWLRQV

6\PEROV

%DVLVRIGHVLJQ

5HTXLUHPHQWV

%DVLFUHTXLUHPHQWV

5HOLDELOLW\PDQDJHPHQW

'HVLJQZRUNLQJOLIHGXUDELOLW\DQGUREXVWQHVV

3ULQFLSOHVRIOLPLWVWDWHGHVLJQ

%DVLFYDULDEOHV

9HULILFDWLRQE\WKHSDUWLDOIDFWRUPHWKRG

'HVLJQDVVLVWHGE\WHVWLQJ

0DWHULDOV

*HQHUDO

6WUXFWXUDOVWHHO

&RQQHFWLQJGHYLFHV

)DVWHQHUV

:HOGLQJFRQVXPDEOHV

2WKHULWHPV

'XUDELOLW\

6WUXFWXUDODQDO\VLV

6WUXFWXUDOPRGHOOLQJIRUDQDO\VLV

6WUXFWXUDOPRGHOOLQJDQGEDVLFDVVXPSWLRQV

-RLQWPRGHOOLQJ

*URXQGVWUXFWXUHLQWHUDFWLRQ

6WUXFWXUDOVWDELOLW\

(IIHFWVRIGHIRUPHGJHRPHWU\RIWKHVWUXFWXUH

0HWKRGRIDQDO\VLV

,PSHUIHFWLRQV

%DVLV

,PSHUIHFWLRQVIRUJOREDODQDO\VLV

,PSHUIHFWLRQIRUDQDO\VLVRIEUDFLQJV\VWHPV

0HPEHULPSHUIHFWLRQV

&DOFXODWLRQRIDFWLRQHIIHFWV

&ODVVLILFDWLRQRIFURVVVHFWLRQV

8OWLPDWHOLPLWVWDWHV

*HQHUDO

5HVLVWDQFHRIFURVVVHFWLRQV

%XFNOLQJUHVLVWDQFHRIPHPEHUV

&RPSUHVVLRQPHPEHUV

/DWHUDOWRUVLRQDOEXFNOLQJRIEHDPV

/DWHUDOWRUVLRQDOEXFNOLQJRIIUDPHV

%HQGLQJDQGD[LDOFRPSUHVVLRQ

background image

)LQDOGUDIW

3DJH

2FWREHU

SU(1[[

%XLOWXSFRPSUHVVLRQPHPEHUV

%XFNOLQJRISODWHV

6HUYLFHDELOLW\OLPLWVWDWHV

*HQHUDO

6HUYLFHDELOLW\OLPLWVWDWHVIRUEXLOGLQJV

*HQHUDO

5HFRPPHQGDWLRQVIRUKRUL]RQWDOGHIOHFWLRQV

'\QDPLFHIIHFWV

)DVWHQHUVZHOGVFRQQHFWLRQVDQGMRLQWV

$QQH[$>LQIRUPDWLYH@±6LPSOLILHGSURYLVLRQVIRUWKHGHVLJQRIFRQWLQXRXVIORRUEHDPV

$QQH[%>LQIRUPDWLYH@±%XFNOLQJRIFRPSRQHQWVRIEXLOGLQJVWUXFWXUHV

%

)OH[XUDOEXFNOLQJRIFROXPQVLQIUDPHVZLWKULJLGFRQQHFWLRQV

%

)OH[XUDOEXFNOLQJRIPHPEHUVLQWULDQJXODWHGDQGODWWLFHVWUXFWXUHV

% *HQHUDO

% $QJOHVDVZHEPHPEHUV

% +ROORZVHFWLRQVDVPHPEHUV

%

7RUVLRQDODQGWRUVLRQDOIOH[XUDOEXFNOLQJ

% (ODVWLFFULWLFDOEXFNOLQJORDGRIFRPSUHVVLRQPHPEHUV

% (ODVWLFFULWLFDOPRPHQWIRUEHDPV

% 0LQLPXPUHVWUDLQWVDORQJFROXPQVDQGEHDPV

%

6WDEOHOHQJWKVRIVHJPHQWFRQWDLQLQJSODVWLFKLQJHVIRURXWRISODQHEXFNOLQJ

% 8QLIRUPPHPEHUVZLWKELV\PPHWULF,VHFWLRQV

% +DXQFKHGRUWDSHUHGPHPEHUV

% 0RGLILFDWLRQIDFWRUVIRUPRPHQWJUDGLHQWVLQPHPEHUVUHVWUDLQHGDORQJWKHWHQVLRQIODQJH

background image

3DJH

)LQDOGUDIW

SU(1[[

2FWREHU

)RUHZRUG

7KLV(XURSHDQ6WDQGDUG(1'HVLJQRI6WHHO6WUXFWXUHV%XLOGLQJVKDVEHHQSUHSDUHGRQEHKDOIRI

7HFKQLFDO &RPPLWWHH &(17& © 6WUXFWXUDO (XURFRGHV ª WKH 6HFUHWDULDW RI ZKLFK LV KHOG E\ %6,

&(17&LVUHVSRQVLEOHIRUDOO6WUXFWXUDO(XURFRGHV

7KHWH[WRIWKHGUDIWVWDQGDUGZDVVXEPLWWHGWRWKHIRUPDOYRWHDQGZDVDSSURYHGE\&(1DV(1RQ

<<<<00''

1RH[LVWLQJ(XURSHDQ6WDQGDUGLVVXSHUVHGHG

%DFNJURXQGRIWKH(XURFRGHSURJUDPPH

,Q WKH &RPPLVVLRQ RI WKH (XURSHDQ &RPPXQLW\ GHFLGHG RQ DQ DFWLRQ SURJUDPPH LQ WKH ILHOG RI

FRQVWUXFWLRQ EDVHG RQ DUWLFOH RI WKH 7UHDW\ 7KH REMHFWLYH RI WKH SURJUDPPH ZDV WKH HOLPLQDWLRQ RI

WHFKQLFDOREVWDFOHVWRWUDGHDQGWKHKDUPRQLVDWLRQRIWHFKQLFDOVSHFLILFDWLRQV

:LWKLQWKLVDFWLRQSURJUDPPHWKH&RPPLVVLRQWRRNWKHLQLWLDWLYHWRHVWDEOLVKDVHWRIKDUPRQLVHGWHFKQLFDO

UXOHVIRUWKHGHVLJQRIFRQVWUXFWLRQZRUNVZKLFKLQDILUVWVWDJHZRXOGVHUYHDVDQDOWHUQDWLYHWRWKHQDWLRQDO

UXOHVLQIRUFHLQWKH0HPEHU6WDWHVDQGXOWLPDWHO\ZRXOGUHSODFHWKHP

)RUILIWHHQ\HDUVWKH&RPPLVVLRQZLWKWKHKHOSRID6WHHULQJ&RPPLWWHHZLWK5HSUHVHQWDWLYHVRI0HPEHU

6WDWHV FRQGXFWHG WKH GHYHORSPHQW RI WKH (XURFRGHV SURJUDPPH ZKLFK OHG WR WKH ILUVW JHQHUDWLRQ RI

(XURSHDQFRGHVLQWKH¶V

,QWKH&RPPLVVLRQDQGWKH0HPEHU6WDWHVRIWKH(8DQG()7$GHFLGHGRQWKHEDVLVRIDQDJUHHPHQW

EHWZHHQWKH&RPPLVVLRQDQG&(1WRWUDQVIHUWKHSUHSDUDWLRQDQGWKHSXEOLFDWLRQRIWKH(XURFRGHVWRWKH

&(1WKURXJKDVHULHVRI0DQGDWHVLQRUGHUWRSURYLGHWKHPZLWKDIXWXUHVWDWXVRI(XURSHDQ6WDQGDUG(1

7KLVOLQNVGHIDFWRWKH(XURFRGHVZLWKWKHSURYLVLRQVRIDOOWKH&RXQFLO¶V'LUHFWLYHVDQGRU&RPPLVVLRQ¶V

'HFLVLRQVGHDOLQJZLWK(XURSHDQVWDQGDUGVHJWKH&RXQFLO'LUHFWLYH((&RQFRQVWUXFWLRQSURGXFWV

±&3'±DQG&RXQFLO'LUHFWLYHV((&((&DQG((&RQSXEOLFZRUNVDQGVHUYLFHVDQG

HTXLYDOHQW()7$'LUHFWLYHVLQLWLDWHGLQSXUVXLWRIVHWWLQJXSWKHLQWHUQDOPDUNHW

7KH6WUXFWXUDO(XURFRGHSURJUDPPHFRPSULVHVWKHIROORZLQJVWDQGDUGVJHQHUDOO\FRQVLVWLQJRIDQXPEHURI

3DUWV
(1 (XURFRGH

%DVLVRIVWUXFWXUDOGHVLJQ

(1 (XURFRGH $FWLRQVRQVWUXFWXUHV
(1 (XURFRGH 'HVLJQRIFRQFUHWHVWUXFWXUHV
(1 (XURFRGH 'HVLJQRIVWHHOVWUXFWXUHV
(1 (XURFRGH 'HVLJQRIFRPSRVLWHVWHHODQGFRQFUHWHVWUXFWXUHV
(1 (XURFRGH 'HVLJQRIWLPEHUVWUXFWXUHV
(1 (XURFRGH 'HVLJQRIPDVRQU\VWUXFWXUHV
(1 (XURFRGH *HRWHFKQLFDOGHVLJQ
(1 (XURFRGH 'HVLJQRIVWUXFWXUHVIRUHDUWKTXDNHUHVLVWDQFH
(1 (XURFRGH 'HVLJQRIDOXPLQLXPVWUXFWXUHV

(XURFRGH VWDQGDUGV UHFRJQLVH WKH UHVSRQVLELOLW\ RI UHJXODWRU\ DXWKRULWLHV LQ HDFK 0HPEHU 6WDWH DQG KDYH

VDIHJXDUGHGWKHLUULJKWWRGHWHUPLQHYDOXHVUHODWHGWRUHJXODWRU\VDIHW\PDWWHUVDWQDWLRQDOOHYHOZKHUHWKHVH

FRQWLQXHWRYDU\IURP6WDWHWR6WDWH

$JUHHPHQW EHWZHHQ WKH &RPPLVVLRQ RI WKH (XURSHDQ &RPPXQLWLHV DQG WKH (XURSHDQ &RPPLWWHH IRU 6WDQGDUGLVDWLRQ &(1

FRQFHUQLQJWKHZRUNRQ(852&2'(6IRUWKHGHVLJQRIEXLOGLQJDQGFLYLOHQJLQHHULQJZRUNV%&&(1

background image

)LQDOGUDIW

3DJH

2FWREHU

SU(1[[

6WDWXVDQGILHOGRIDSSOLFDWLRQRI(XURFRGHV

7KH 0HPEHU 6WDWHV RI WKH (8 DQG ()7$ UHFRJQLVH WKDW (XURFRGHV VHUYH DV UHIHUHQFH GRFXPHQWV IRU WKH

IROORZLQJSXUSRVHV

±

DVDPHDQVWRSURYHFRPSOLDQFHRIEXLOGLQJDQGFLYLOHQJLQHHULQJZRUNVZLWKWKHHVVHQWLDOUHTXLUHPHQWV

RI&RXQFLO'LUHFWLYH((&SDUWLFXODUO\(VVHQWLDO5HTXLUHPHQW1ƒ0HFKDQLFDOUHVLVWDQFHDQG

VWDELOLW\DQG(VVHQWLDO5HTXLUHPHQW1ƒ6DIHW\LQFDVHRIILUH

±

DVDEDVLVIRUVSHFLI\LQJFRQWUDFWVIRUFRQVWUXFWLRQZRUNVDQGUHODWHGHQJLQHHULQJVHUYLFHV

±

DVDIUDPHZRUNIRUGUDZLQJXSKDUPRQLVHGWHFKQLFDOVSHFLILFDWLRQVIRUFRQVWUXFWLRQSURGXFWV(1VDQG

(7$V

7KH(XURFRGHVDVIDUDVWKH\FRQFHUQWKHFRQVWUXFWLRQZRUNVWKHPVHOYHVKDYHDGLUHFWUHODWLRQVKLSZLWKWKH

,QWHUSUHWDWLYH'RFXPHQWV

UHIHUUHGWRLQ$UWLFOHRIWKH&3'DOWKRXJKWKH\DUHRIDGLIIHUHQWQDWXUHIURP

KDUPRQLVHG SURGXFW VWDQGDUG

7KHUHIRUH WHFKQLFDO DVSHFWV DULVLQJ IURP WKH (XURFRGHV ZRUN QHHG WR EH

DGHTXDWHO\FRQVLGHUHGE\&(17HFKQLFDO&RPPLWWHHVDQGRU(27$:RUNLQJ*URXSVZRUNLQJRQSURGXFW

VWDQGDUGVZLWKDYLHZWRDFKLHYLQJDIXOOFRPSDWLELOLW\RIWKHVHWHFKQLFDOVSHFLILFDWLRQVZLWKWKH(XURFRGHV

7KH(XURFRGHVWDQGDUGVSURYLGHFRPPRQVWUXFWXUDOGHVLJQUXOHVIRUHYHU\GD\XVHIRUWKHGHVLJQRIZKROH

VWUXFWXUHV DQG FRPSRQHQW SURGXFWV RI ERWK D WUDGLWLRQDO DQG DQ LQQRYDWLYH QDWXUH 8QXVXDO IRUPV RI

FRQVWUXFWLRQ RU GHVLJQ FRQGLWLRQV DUH QRW VSHFLILFDOO\ FRYHUHG DQG DGGLWLRQDO H[SHUW FRQVLGHUDWLRQ ZLOO EH

UHTXLUHGE\WKHGHVLJQHULQVXFKFDVHV

1DWLRQDO6WDQGDUGVLPSOHPHQWLQJ(XURFRGHV

7KH1DWLRQDO6WDQGDUGVLPSOHPHQWLQJ(XURFRGHVZLOOFRPSULVHWKHIXOOWH[WRIWKH(XURFRGHLQFOXGLQJDQ\

DQQH[HVDVSXEOLVKHGE\&(1ZKLFKPD\EHSUHFHGHGE\D1DWLRQDOWLWOHSDJHDQG1DWLRQDOIRUHZRUGDQG

PD\EHIROORZHGE\D1DWLRQDODQQH[LQIRUPDWLYH

7KH1DWLRQDO$QQH[LQIRUPDWLYHPD\RQO\FRQWDLQLQIRUPDWLRQRQWKRVHSDUDPHWHUVZKLFKDUHOHIWRSHQLQ

WKH(XURFRGHIRUQDWLRQDOFKRLFHNQRZQDV1DWLRQDOO\'HWHUPLQHG3DUDPHWHUVWREHXVHGIRUWKHGHVLJQRI

EXLOGLQJVDQGFLYLOHQJLQHHULQJZRUNVWREHFRQVWUXFWHGLQWKHFRXQWU\FRQFHUQHGLH

±

YDOXHVIRUSDUWLDOIDFWRUVDQGRUFODVVHVZKHUHDOWHUQDWLYHVDUHJLYHQLQWKH(XURFRGH

±

YDOXHVWREHXVHGZKHUHDV\PERORQO\LVJLYHQLQWKH(XURFRGH

±

JHRJUDSKLFDODQGFOLPDWLFGDWDVSHFLILFWRWKH0HPEHU6WDWHHJVQRZPDS

±

WKHSURFHGXUHWREHXVHGZKHUHDOWHUQDWLYHSURFHGXUHVDUHJLYHQLQWKH(XURFRGH

±

UHIHUHQFHVWRQRQFRQWUDGLFWRU\FRPSOHPHQWDU\LQIRUPDWLRQWRDVVLVWWKHXVHUWRDSSO\WKH(XURFRGH

/LQNVEHWZHHQ(XURFRGHVDQGSURGXFWKDUPRQLVHGWHFKQLFDOVSHFLILFDWLRQV(1V

DQG(7$V

7KHUHLVDQHHGIRUFRQVLVWHQF\EHWZHHQWKHKDUPRQLVHGWHFKQLFDOVSHFLILFDWLRQVIRUFRQVWUXFWLRQSURGXFWV

DQGWKHWHFKQLFDOUXOHVIRUZRUNV

)XUWKHUPRUHDOOWKHLQIRUPDWLRQDFFRPSDQ\LQJWKH&(0DUNLQJRIWKH

FRQVWUXFWLRQ SURGXFWV ZKLFK UHIHU WR (XURFRGHV VKRXOG FOHDUO\ PHQWLRQ ZKLFK 1DWLRQDOO\ 'HWHUPLQHG

3DUDPHWHUVKDYHEHHQWDNHQLQWRDFFRXQW

$FFRUGLQJWR$UWRIWKH&3'WKHHVVHQWLDOUHTXLUHPHQWV(5VVKDOOEHJLYHQFRQFUHWHIRUPLQLQWHUSUHWDWLYHGRFXPHQWVIRUWKH

FUHDWLRQRIWKHQHFHVVDU\OLQNVEHWZHHQWKHHVVHQWLDOUHTXLUHPHQWVDQGWKHPDQGDWHVIRUK(1VDQG(7$*V(7$V

$FFRUGLQJWR$UWRIWKH&3'WKHLQWHUSUHWDWLYHGRFXPHQWVVKDOO

D JLYHFRQFUHWHIRUPWRWKHHVVHQWLDOUHTXLUHPHQWVE\KDUPRQLVLQJWKHWHUPLQRORJ\DQGWKHWHFKQLFDOEDVHVDQGLQGLFDWLQJFODVVHV

RUOHYHOVIRUHDFKUHTXLUHPHQWZKHUHQHFHVVDU\

E LQGLFDWH PHWKRGV RI FRUUHODWLQJ WKHVH FODVVHV RU OHYHOV RI UHTXLUHPHQW ZLWK WKH WHFKQLFDO VSHFLILFDWLRQV HJ PHWKRGV RI

FDOFXODWLRQDQGRISURRIWHFKQLFDOUXOHVIRUSURMHFWGHVLJQHWF

F VHUYHDVDUHIHUHQFHIRUWKHHVWDEOLVKPHQWRIKDUPRQLVHGVWDQGDUGVDQGJXLGHOLQHVIRU(XURSHDQWHFKQLFDODSSURYDOV

7KH(XURFRGHVGHIDFWRSOD\DVLPLODUUROHLQWKHILHOGRIWKH(5DQGDSDUWRI(5

6HH$UWDQG$UWRIWKH&3'DVZHOODVFODXVHVDQGRI,'

background image

3DJH

)LQDOGUDIW

SU(1[[

2FWREHU

$GGLWLRQDOLQIRUPDWLRQVSHFLILFWR(1

(1 LV WKH WKLUG SDUW RI VHYHQ SDUWV RI (1 ± 'HVLJQ RI 6WHHO 6WUXFWXUHV ± DQG GHVFULEHV WKH

SULQFLSOHV DQG DSSOLFDWLRQ UXOHV IRU WKH VDIHW\ DQG VHUYLFHDELOLW\ DQG GXUDELOLW\ RI VWHHO VWUXFWXUHV IRU

EXLOGLQJV

(1JLYHVGHVLJQUXOHVLQVXSSOHPHQWWRWKHJHQHULFUXOHVLQ(1

(1 LV LQWHQGHG WR EH XVHG ZLWK (XURFRGHV (1 ± %DVLV RI GHVLJQ (1 ± $FWLRQV RQ

VWUXFWXUHVDQGWKHSDUWVRI(1WR(1ZKHQVWHHOVWUXFWXUHVRUVWHHOFRPSRQHQWVIRUEXLOGLQJVDUH

UHIHUUHGWR

0DWWHUVWKDWDUHDOUHDG\FRYHUHGLQWKRVHGRFXPHQWVDUHQRWUHSHDWHG

(1LVLQWHQGHGIRUXVHE\

±

FRPPLWWHHVGUDIWLQJGHVLJQUHODWHGSURGXFWWHVWLQJDQGH[HFXWLRQVWDQGDUGV

±

FOLHQWVHJIRUWKHIRUPXODWLRQRIWKHLUVSHFLILFUHTXLUHPHQWV

±

GHVLJQHUVDQGFRQVWUXFWRUV

±

UHOHYDQWDXWKRULWLHV

1XPHULFDOYDOXHVIRUSDUWLDOIDFWRUVDQGRWKHUUHOLDELOLW\SDUDPHWHUVDUHUHFRPPHQGHGDVEDVLFYDOXHVWKDW

SURYLGH DQ DFFHSWDEOH OHYHO RI UHOLDELOLW\ 7KH\ KDYH EHHQ VHOHFWHG DVVXPLQJ WKDW DQ DSSURSULDWH OHYHO RI

ZRUNPDQVKLSDQGTXDOLW\PDQDJHPHQWDSSOLHV

1DWLRQDODQQH[IRU(1

7KLV VWDQGDUG JLYHV DOWHUQDWLYH SURFHGXUHV YDOXHV DQG UHFRPPHQGDWLRQV IRU FODVVHV ZLWK QRWHV LQGLFDWLQJ

ZKHUH QDWLRQDO FKRLFHV PD\ KDYH WR EH PDGH 7KHUHIRUH WKH 1DWLRQDO 6WDQGDUG LPSOHPHQWLQJ (1

VKRXOGKDYHD1DWLRQDO$QQH[FRQWDLQLQJDOO1DWLRQDOO\'HWHUPLQHG3DUDPHWHUVWREHXVHGIRUWKHGHVLJQRI

VWHHOVWUXFWXUHVWREHFRQVWUXFWHGLQWKHUHOHYDQWFRXQWU\

1DWLRQDOFKRLFHLVDOORZHGLQ(1WKURXJKFODXVHV

±

±

±

±

±

background image

)LQDOGUDIW

3DJH

2FWREHU

SU(1[[

*HQHUDO

6FRSH

6FRSHRI(XURFRGH

6HHRI(1

6FRSHRI3DUWRI(XURFRGH

7KLV3DUWRI(1JLYHVDJHQHUDOEDVLVIRUWKHVWUXFWXUDOGHVLJQRIVWHHOEXLOGLQJVVWHHOSDUWVRI

FRPSRVLWH EXLOGLQJV RU EXLOGLQJV WKDWDUH PDLQO\ RI RWKHU FRQVWUXFWLRQ PDWHULDOV DQG DOVR VWHHO WHPSRUDU\

ZRUNVLQEXLOGLQJV,WJLYHVSURYLVLRQVWKDWVXSSOHPHQWPRGLI\RUVXSHUVHGHWKHHTXLYDOHQWSURYLVLRQVJLYHQ

LQWKHYDULRXVSDUWVRI(1

7KLV3DUWDOVRJLYHVGHWDLOHGDSSOLFDWLRQUXOHVWKDWDUHPDLQO\DSSOLFDEOHWRFRPPRQO\XVHGW\SHVRI

EXLOGLQJV:KHUHWKHDSSOLFDELOLW\RIWKHVHUXOHVLVOLPLWHGIRUSUDFWLFDOUHDVRQRUGXHWRVLPSOLILFDWLRQVWKHLU

XVHDQGDQ\OLPLWVRIDSSOLFDELOLW\DUHH[SODLQHGLQWKHWH[W

3URYLVLRQVIRUWKHVWUXFWXUDOILUHGHVLJQWKHGHVLJQRIFROGIRUPHGWKLQJDXJHPHPEHUVDQGVKHHWLQJ

WKHGHVLJQZLWKVWDLQOHVVVWHHOVDQGZLWKWHQVLOHHOHPHQWVDUHLQFOXGHGLQ(1DQGWKHUHIRUHQRWGHDOW

ZLWKLQWKLVSDUW

3URYLVLRQVIRUFRPSRVLWHFRPSRQHQWVDUHFRYHUHGLQ(1

7KHGHVLJQRIVWHHOEHDULQJSLOHVDQGVWHHOVKHHWSLOHZDOOVLVFRYHUHGLQ(1

3URYLVLRQVIRUWKHGHVLJQRIFUDQHVXSSRUWLQJVWUXFWXUHVDUHLQFOXGHGLQ(1

7KLVVWDQGDUGLVFRQFHUQHGRQO\ZLWKSURYLVLRQVIRUUHVLVWDQFHVHUYLFHDELOLW\DQGGXUDELOLW\RIEULGJH

VWUXFWXUHV2WKHUDVSHFWVRIGHVLJQDUHQRWFRQVLGHUHG

([HFXWLRQLVFRYHUHGWRWKHH[WHQWWKDWLVQHFHVVDU\WRLQGLFDWHWKHTXDOLW\RIWKHFRQVWUXFWLRQPDWHULDOV

DQG SURGXFWV WKDW VKRXOG EH XVHG DQG WKH VWDQGDUG RI ZRUNPDQVKLS RQ VLWH QHHGHG WR FRPSO\ ZLWK WKH

DVVXPSWLRQVRIWKHGHVLJQUXOHV

)RUWKHH[HFXWLRQRIVWHHOEXLOGLQJVUHIHUHQFHVKRXOGEHPDGHWR(1[[[

(1GRHVQRWFRYHUWKHVSHFLDOUHTXLUHPHQWVRIVHLVPLFGHVLJQ5HIHUHQFHVKDOOEHPDGHWRWKH

UHTXLUHPHQWVJLYHQLQ(1ZKLFKFRPSOHPHQWVDQGPRGLILHVWKHUXOHVRI(1VSHFLILFDOO\IRU

WKLVSXUSRVH

7KHIROORZLQJVXEMHFWVDUHGHDOWZLWKLQ(1
6HFWLRQ ,QWURGXFWLRQ
6HFWLRQ %DVLVRIGHVLJQ
6HFWLRQ 0DWHULDOV
6HFWLRQ 'XUDELOLW\
6HFWLRQ 6WUXFWXUDODQDO\VLV
6HFWLRQ 8OWLPDWHOLPLWVWDWHV
6HFWLRQ 6HUYLFHDELOLW\OLPLWVWDWHV
6HFWLRQ &RQQHFWLRQV

(1[[[LVWKHFRQYHUVLRQRI(19

background image

3DJH

)LQDOGUDIW

SU(1[[

2FWREHU

6HFWLRQWRSURYLGHDGGLWLRQDOFODXVHVWRWKRVHJLYHQLQ(1³%DVLVRIVWUXFWXUDOGHVLJQ´

6HFWLRQGHDOVZLWKPDWHULDOSURSHUWLHVRISURGXFWVXVHGLQEXLOGLQJGHVLJQ

6HFWLRQJLYHVJHQHUDOUXOHVIRUGXUDELOLW\

6HFWLRQUHIHUVWRWKHVWUXFWXUDODQDO\VLVRIEXLOGLQJVWUXFWXUHV

6HFWLRQJLYHVGHWDLOHGUXOHVIRUWKHGHVLJQRIFURVVVHFWLRQVDQGPHPEHUV

6HFWLRQJLYHVUXOHVIRUVHUYLFHDELOLW\

6HFWLRQUHIHUVWRFRQQHFWLRQVXVHGLQEXLOGLQJ

1RUPDWLYHUHIHUHQFHV

7KH IROORZLQJ QRUPDWLYH GRFXPHQWV FRQWDLQ SURYLVLRQV ZKLFK WKURXJK UHIHUHQFHV LQ WKLV WH[W

FRQVWLWXWHSURYLVLRQVRIWKLV(XURSHDQVWDQGDUG)RUGDWHGUHIHUHQFHVVXEVHTXHQWDPHQGPHQWVWRRUUHYLVLRQV

RIDQ\RIWKHVHSXEOLFDWLRQVGRQRWDSSO\+RZHYHUSDUWLHVWRDJUHHPHQWVEDVHGRQWKLV(XURSHDQVWDQGDUG

DUHHQFRXUDJHGWRLQYHVWLJDWHWKHSRVVLELOLW\RIDSSO\LQJWKHPRVWUHFHQWHGLWLRQVRIWKHQRUPDWLYHGRFXPHQWV

LQGLFDWHGEHORZ)RUXQGDWHGUHIHUHQFHVWKHODWHVWHGLWLRQRIWKHQRUPDWLYHGRFXPHQWUHIHUUHGWRDSSOLHV
(1[[[

([HFXWLRQRIVWHHOVWUXFWXUHV

$VVXPSWLRQV

6HHRI(1

'LVWLQFWLRQEHWZHHQSULQFLSOHVDQGDSSOLFDWLRQUXOHV

6HHRI(1

'HILQLWLRQV

)RUWKHSXUSRVHVRIWKLV3DUWRI(1LQDGGLWLRQWRWKHGHILQLWLRQVJLYHQLQ(1DQG(1

WKHIROORZLQJGHILQLWLRQVDSSO\

'UDIWQRWH WREHLQVHUWHGODWHU

6\PEROV

)RUWKHSXUSRVHRIWKLVVWDQGDUGWKHIROORZLQJV\PEROVDSSO\

'UDIWQRWH WREHLQVHUWHGODWHU

background image

)LQDOGUDIW

3DJH

2FWREHU

SU(1[[

%DVLVRIGHVLJQ

5HTXLUHPHQWV

%DVLFUHTXLUHPHQWV

6HHRI(1

5HOLDELOLW\PDQDJHPHQW

6HHRI(1

'HVLJQZRUNLQJOLIHGXUDELOLW\DQGUREXVWQHVV

*HQHUDO

6HHRI(1

'HVLJQZRUNLQJOLIH

7KHGHVLJQZRUNLQJOLIHVKRXOGEHWDNHQDVWKHSHULRGIRUZKLFKDEXLOGLQJLVUHTXLUHGWREHXVHGIRU

LWVLQWHQGHGSXUSRVH

7KHLQWHQGHGGHVLJQZRUNLQJOLIHRIDSHUPDQHQWEXLOGLQJVKRXOGEHWDNHQDV\HDUVXQOHVVRWKHUZLVH

VSHFLILHG

127()RUWHPSRUDU\EXLOGLQJVWKHGHVLJQZRUNLQJOLIHVKRXOGEHGHILQHGLQWKH1DWLRQDO$QQH[

)RUVWUXFWXUDOHOHPHQWVWKDWFDQQRWEHGHVLJQHGIRUWKHWRWDOGHVLJQOLIHRIWKHEXLOGLQJVHH

'XUDELOLW\

7RHQVXUHGXUDELOLW\EXLOGLQJVDQGWKHLUFRPSRQHQWVVKRXOGHLWKHUEHGHVLJQHGIRUWKHHQYLURQPHQWDO

DFWLRQVIDWLJXHLIUHOHYDQWDQGDFFLGHQWDODFWLRQVWKDWDUHH[SHFWHGGXULQJWKHGHVLJQZRUNLQJOLIHRUHOVH

SURWHFWHGIURPWKHP

:KHUH D EXLOGLQJ LQFOXGHV FRPSRQHQWV WKDW QHHG WR EH UHSODFHDEOH HJ EHDULQJV LQ ]RQHV RI VRLO

VHWWOHPHQWWKHSRVVLELOLW\RIWKHLUVDIHUHSODFHPHQWVKRXOGEHYHULILHGDVDWUDQVLHQWGHVLJQVLWXDWLRQWDNLQJ

LQWRDFFRXQWDVIDUDVSRVVLEOHWKHQHHGWRPLQLPLVHLQWHUUXSWLRQWRWKHXVHRIWKHEXLOGLQJ

5REXVWQHVVDQGVWUXFWXUDOLQWHJULW\

%XLOGLQJVVKRXOGEHGHVLJQHGWRWROHUDWHVSHFLILHGGDPDJHV

7KHGHVLJQVKRXOGHQVXUHWKDWZKHQGDPDJHGXHWRDFFLGHQWDODFWLRQVRFFXUVWKHUHPDLQLQJVWUXFWXUH

FDQVXVWDLQDWOHDVWWKHDFFLGHQWDOORDGFRPELQDWLRQ

7KH HIIHFWV RI GHWHULRUDWLRQ RI PDWHULDO FRUURVLRQ RU IDWLJXH ZKHUH UHOHYDQW VKRXOG EH WDNHQ LQWR

DFFRXQWE\ DSSURSULDWH FKRLFH RI PDWHULDO VHH (1 DQG GHWDLOVVHH (1 RU VWUXFWXUDO

UHGXQGDQF\DQGFRUURVLRQSURWHFWLRQV\VWHP

127(7KH1DWLRQDO$QQH[PD\JLYHPRUHGHWDLOHGSURYLVLRQVIRUVWUXFWXUDOUHGXQGDQF\

3ULQFLSOHVRIOLPLWVWDWHGHVLJQ

6HHRI(1

background image

3DJH

)LQDOGUDIW

SU(1[[

2FWREHU

%DVLFYDULDEOHV

6HHRI(1

9HULILFDWLRQE\WKHSDUWLDOIDFWRUPHWKRG

6HHRI(1

'HVLJQDVVLVWHGE\WHVWLQJ

6HHRI(1

0DWHULDOV

*HQHUDO

6HHRI(1

6WUXFWXUDOVWHHO

6HHRI(1

&RQQHFWLQJGHYLFHV

)DVWHQHUV

5HTXLUHPHQWVIRUIDVWHQHUVDUHJLYHQLQ(1

:HOGLQJFRQVXPDEOHV

5HTXLUHPHQWVIRUZHOGLQJFRQVXPDEOHVDUHJLYHQLQ(1

2WKHULWHPV

$Q\ VHPLILQLVKHG RU ILQLVKHG VWUXFWXUDO SURGXFW XVHG LQ WKH VWUXFWXUDO GHVLJQ RI EXLOGLQJV VKRXOG

FRPSO\ZLWKWKHUHOHYDQWWHFKQLFDOVSHFLILFDWLRQ

'XUDELOLW\

6HHRI(1

)RUEXLOGLQJVWUXFWXUHVQRIDWLJXHDVVHVVPHQWLVQRUPDOO\UHTXLUHGH[FHSWDVIROORZV

D 0HPEHUVVXSSRUWLQJOLIWLQJDSSOLDQFHVRUUROOLQJORDGV
E 0HPEHUVVXEMHFWWRUHSHDWHGVWUHVVF\FOHVIURPYLEUDWLQJPDFKLQHU\
F 0HPEHUVVXEMHFWWRZLQGLQGXFHGYLEUDWLRQV
G 0HPEHUVVXEMHFWWRFURZGLQGXFHGRVFLOODWLRQV

%XLOGLQJV ZLWK DQ LQWHUQDO VWUXFWXUH SURWHFWHG E\ D IDFDGH QRUPDOO\ GRQW QHHG DQ\ FRUURVLRQ

SURWHFWLRQ

'UDIWQRWH 7KLVLVWKHFDVHIRUDQLQWHUQDOUHODWLYHKXPLGLW\OHVVRUHTXDOWR

background image

)LQDOGUDIW

3DJH

2FWREHU

SU(1[[

6WUXFWXUDODQDO\VLV

6WUXFWXUDOPRGHOOLQJIRUDQDO\VLV

6WUXFWXUDOPRGHOOLQJDQGEDVLFDVVXPSWLRQV

6HHRI(1

)RUWKHVWUXFWXUDOPRGHOOLQJDQGEDVLFDVVXPSWLRQVIRUFRPSRQHQWVRIEXLOGLQJVVHHDOVR(1

DQG(1

-RLQWPRGHOOLQJ

6HHRI(1

*URXQGVWUXFWXUHLQWHUDFWLRQ

6HHRI(1

6WUXFWXUDOVWDELOLW\

(IIHFWVRIGHIRUPHGJHRPHWU\RIWKHVWUXFWXUH

6HHRI(1

%HDPDQGFROXPQ W\SH SODQH IUDPHV LQ EXLOGLQJV PD\ EH FKHFNHG ZLWK ILUVW RUGHU WKHRU\ LI WKH

IROORZLQJFULWHULRQLVVDWLVILHG

+

1

K

(G

(G

+

ˆ

ÜÜÝ

Û

ÌÌÍ

Ë

¼

Ü

Ý

Û

Ì

Í

Ë d

ZKHUH d

H

LVWKHKRUL]RQWDOGLVSODFHPHQWEHORQJLQJWR+DFFRUGLQJWRILUVWRUGHUWKHRU\DWWKHWRSRIWKH

VWRUH\UHODWLYHWRWKHERWWRPRIWKHVWRUH\

K

LVWKHVWRUH\KHLJKW

+

(G

LVDUHIHUHQFHKRUL]RQWDOUHDFWLRQDWWKHERWWRPRIWKHVWRUH\

1

(G

LVWKHWRWDOYHUWLFDOUHDFWLRQDWWKHERWWRPRIWKHVWRUH\

0HWKRGRIDQDO\VLV

6HHRI(1

$VDQDOWHUQDWLYHWRWKHHIIHFWVRIIOH[XUDOVWDELOLW\RIDEXLOGLQJVWUXFWXUHPD\EHYHULILHGE\D

PHPEHU FKHFN DFFRUGLQJ WR EDVHG RQ EXFNOLQJ OHQJWK YDOXHV WDNHQ IURP D JOREDO VWUXFWXUDO DQDO\VLV

LQFOXGLQJFRQVLGHUDWLRQRIHODVWLFUHVWUDLQWRIPHPEHUVDQGMRLQWVDQGWKHDFWXDOGLVWULEXWLRQRIWKHGHVLJQ

FRPSUHVVLRQ IRUFHV ,Q WKLV FDVH LQWHUQDO IRUFHV DUH FDOFXODWHG DFFRUGLQJ WR ILUVW RUGHU WKHRU\ ZLWKRXW

FRQVLGHULQJ LPSHUIHFWLRQV 6SHFLDO FRQVLGHUDWLRQV VKRXOG EH JLYHQ WR WKH DFWXDO GHIRUPDWLRQ DQG UHDFWLRQ

IRUFHVIRUWKHYHULILFDWLRQRIWKHVWDELOLVLQJV\VWHPDQGPHPEHUV

127(,QJHQHUDOVWUXFWXUDOVWDELOLW\PD\EHDFKLHYHGE\EUDFLQJ

,PSHUIHFWLRQV

%DVLV

6HHRI(1

background image

3DJH

)LQDOGUDIW

SU(1[[

2FWREHU

,PSHUIHFWLRQVIRUJOREDODQDO\VLV

6HHRI(1

)RUEXLOGLQJIUDPHVWKHHIIHFWRILPSHUIHFWLRQVVKRXOGEHDOORZHGIRULQIUDPHDQDO\VLVE\PHDQVRIDQ

HTXLYDOHQWLPSHUIHFWLRQLQWKHIRUPRIDQLQLWLDOVZD\LPSHUIHFWLRQfVHH)LJXUHGHWHUPLQHGIURP

f f

¼a

K

¼a

P

ZKHUHf

LVWKHEDVLFYDOXHf

a

K

LVWKHUHGXFWLRQIDFWRUIRUKHLJKWKDSSOLFDEOHWRFRQWLQXRXVFROXPQV

K

K

˜

ˆ

=

a

a

P

LVWKHUHGXFWLRQIDFWRUIRUWKHQXPEHURIFROXPQVLQDURZ

Ü

Ý

Û

Ì

Í

Ë +

=

a

P

P

f

f

)LJXUH(TXLYDOHQWVZD\LPSHUIHFWLRQVIRUEXLOGLQJV

&ROXPQVZKLFKFDUU\DYHUWLFDOORDG1

(G

RIOHVVWKDQRIWKHDYHUDJHYDOXHRIWKHYHUWLFDOORDGSHU

FROXPQLQWKHSODQHFRQVLGHUHGVKDOOQRWEHLQFOXGHGLQP

7KHVHLQLWLDOVZD\LPSHUIHFWLRQVDSSO\LQDOOKRUL]RQWDOGLUHFWLRQVEXWQHHGRQO\EHFRQVLGHUHGLQRQH

GLUHFWLRQDWDWLPH

7KHSRVVLEOHWRUVLRQDOHIIHFWVRQWKHVWUXFWXUHRQDQWLV\PPHWULFVZD\VRQWZRRSSRVLWHIDFHVVKRXOG

DOVREHFRQVLGHUHGVHH)LJXUH

)LJXUH7UDQVLWLRQDODQGWRUVLRQDOHIIHFWV

)RUWKHGHWHUPLQDWLRQRIKRUL]RQWDOIRUFHVWRIORRUGLDSKUDJPVWKHFRQILJXUDWLRQRILPSHUIHFWLRQVDV

JLYHQLQ)LJXUHVKRXOGEHDSSOLHG

background image

)LQDOGUDIW

3DJH

2FWREHU

SU(1[[

1

L

R

R

1

L

+

L

1

L

R

R

1

L

+

L

)LJXUH&RQILJXUDWLRQRILPSHUIHFWLRQVIRUIORRUGLDSKUDJPV

,I PRUH FRQYHQLHQW WKH LQLWLDO VZD\ LPSHUIHFWLRQ PD\ EH UHSODFHG E\ D FORVH V\VWHP RI HTXLYDOHQW

KRUL]RQWDOIRUFHVLQWURGXFHGIRUHDFKFROXPQVHH)LJXUH

,QPXOWLSOHEHDPDQGFROXPQEXLOGLQJIUDPHVWKHVHHTXLYDOHQWIRUFHVVKRXOGEHDSSOLHGDWHDFKIORRU

DQGURRIOHYHODQGVKRXOGEHSURSRUWLRQDWHWRWKHGHVLJQYHUWLFDOORDGVDSSOLHGWRWKHVWUXFWXUHDWWKDWOHYHOIRU

WKHORDGFDVHXQGHUFRQVLGHUDWLRQ

)LJXUH5HSODFHPHQWRILQLWLDOVZD\LPSHUIHFWLRQVE\HTXLYDOHQWKRUL]RQWDO

IRUFHV

,PSHUIHFWLRQIRUDQDO\VLVRIEUDFLQJV\VWHPV

6HHRI(1

0HPEHULPSHUIHFWLRQV

6HHRI(1

)RU EXLOGLQJ IUDPHV ZLWK VZD\ LPSHUIHFWLRQV DFFRUGLQJ WR DOVR PHPEHU LPSHUIHFWLRQV

DFFRUGLQJWRVKRXOGEHWDNHQLQWRDFFRXQWLQDGGLWLRQ7KH\PD\EHQHJOHFWHGLIWKHIROORZLQJFULWHULRQ

DSSOLHV

(G

\

1

I

$

¼

¼

ˆ

l

background image

3DJH

)LQDOGUDIW

SU(1[[

2FWREHU

ZKHUH 1

(G

LVWKHGHVLJQYDOXHRIWKHFRPSUHVVLRQIRUFH

DQG

l

LV WKH LQSODQH QRQGLPHQVLRQDO VOHQGHUQHVV FDOFXODWHG XVLQJ D EXFNOLQJ OHQJWK HTXDO WR WKH

V\VWHPOHQJWK

&DOFXODWLRQRIDFWLRQHIIHFWV

6HHRI(1

$VDVLPSOLILHGPHWKRGIRUWKHFDOFXODWLRQRIDFWLRQHIIHFWVIROORZLQJDILUVWRUGHUDQDO\VLVVHH(1

WKHSODVWLFJOREDODQDO\VLVPD\EHUHSODFHGE\DQHODVWLFJOREDODQDO\VLVDQGPRGLI\LQJWKH

FDOFXODWHG HODVWLF EHQGLQJ PRPHQWV E\ UHGLVWULEXWLQJ XS WR RI WKH SHDN FDOFXODWHG PRPHQW LQ DQ\

PHPEHUSURYLGHGWKDW
D WKHLQWHUQDOIRUFHVDQGPRPHQWVLQWKHIUDPHUHPDLQLQHTXLOLEULXPZLWKWKHDSSOLHGORDGVDQG
E DOOWKHPHPEHUVLQZKLFKWKHPRPHQWVDUHUHGXFHGKDYH&ODVVRU&ODVVFURVVVHFWLRQVVHH(1

&ODVVLILFDWLRQRIFURVVVHFWLRQV

6HHRI(1

8OWLPDWHOLPLWVWDWHV

*HQHUDO

6HHRI(1

5HVLVWDQFHRIFURVVVHFWLRQV

6HHRI(1

%XFNOLQJUHVLVWDQFHRIPHPEHUV

&RPSUHVVLRQPHPEHUV

6HHRI(1

127()RUEXFNOLQJRIFRPSRQHQWVRIEXLOGLQJVWUXFWXUHVVHH$QQH[%

/DWHUDOWRUVLRQDOEXFNOLQJRIEHDPV

6HHRI(1

0HPEHUVLQEXLOGLQJVZLWK ODWHUDO UHVWUDLQWWRWKHFRPSUHVVLRQ IODQJH DUH QRW VXVFHSWLEOH WR ODWHUDO

WRUVLRQDOEXFNOLQJLIWKHVWDEOHOHQJWKRIVHJPHQW/

F

FRUUHVSRQGLQJWRWKHVOHQGHUQHVV

I

l

RIWKHHTXLYDOHQW

FRPSUHVVLRQIODQJHGRHVQRWH[FHHG

6G

\

5G

F

F

]

I

F

F

I

0

0

L

/

N

l

ˆ

l

=

l

ZKHUH 0

\6G

LVWKHPD[LPXPGHVLJQYDOXHRIWKHEHQGLQJPRPHQWZLWKLQWKHUHVWUDLQWVSDFLQJ

0

\

\

5G

F

I

:

0

g

=

:

\

LVWKHDSSURSULDWHVHFWLRQPRGXOXVRIWKHFRPSUHVVLRQIODQJH

background image

)LQDOGUDIW

3DJH

2FWREHU

SU(1[[

N

F

LVDVOHQGHUQHVVFRUUHFWLRQIDFWRUIRUPRPHQWGLVWULEXWLRQEHWZHHQUHVWUDLQWVVHH7DEOH

L

I]

LVWKHUDGLXVRIJ\UDWLRQRIWKHFRPSUHVVLRQIODQJHDERXWWKHPLQRUD[LVWKHVHFWLRQLQFOXGLQJ

RIWKHFRPSUHVVHGSDUWRIWKHZHEDUHD

F

l

LVWKHVOHQGHUQHVVOLPLWIRUWKHHTXLYDOHQWFRPSUHVVLRQHOHPHQW

e

=

p

=

l

I

(

\

\

I

=

e

I

\

LQ1PP

127(L

I]

PD\EHWDNHQDVWKHUDGLXVRIJ\UDWLRQDERXWWKHPLQRUD[LVWKHVHFWLRQL

]

F

Z

HII

I

HII

I

HII

]

I

$

$

,

L

+

=

IRU&ODVVFURVVVHFWLRQV

ZKHUH ,

HIII

LVWKHHIIHFWLYHVHFRQGPRPHQWRIDUHDRIWKHFRPSUHVVLRQIODQJHDERXWWKHPLQRUD[LVRI

WKHVHFWLRQ
$

HIII

LVWKHHIIHFWLYHDUHDVRIWKHIODQJH

$

HIIZF

LVWKHHIIHFWLYHDUHDVRIWKHFRPSUHVVHGZHE

DQG

$

HIIZF

$

HIIZ

127(7KHVOHQGHUQHVVOLPLW

F

l

PD\EHJLYHQLQWKH1DWLRQDO$QQH[$OLPLWYDOXH

F

=

l

LV

UHFRPPHQGHG

7DEOH&RUUHFWLRQIDFWRUVIRUFODVVDQGVHFWLRQV

0RPHQWGLVWULEXWLRQ

N

F

y

ˆyˆ

y

-

127()RU&ODVVFURVVVHFWLRQVN

F

background image

3DJH

)LQDOGUDIW

SU(1[[

2FWREHU

,IWKHVOHQGHUQHVVRIWKHFRPSUHVVLRQIODQJH

I

l

H[FHHGVWKHOLPLWJLYHQLQWKHGHVLJQEXFNOLQJ

UHVLVWDQFHPRPHQWPD\EHWDNHQDV

5G

F

I

5G

E

0

N

0

c

=

l

EXW

5G

F

5G

E

0

0

ˆ

ZKHUH

c

LVWKHUHGXFWLRQIDFWRURIWKHHTXLYDOHQWFRPSUHVVLRQPHPEHU

l

I

N

LV WKH PDJQLILFDWLRQ IDFWRU DFFRXQWLQJ IRU WKH VDIHVLGHGQHVV RI WKH HTXLYDOHQW FRPSUHVVLRQ
HOHPHQW

127( 7KH PDJQLILFDWLRQ IDFWRU PD\ EH JLYHQ LQ WKH 1DWLRQDO $QQH[ $ YDOXH

N

I

=

l

LV

UHFRPPHQGHG

7KHEXFNOLQJFXUYHVWREHXVHGLQVKRXOGEHWDNHQDVIROORZV

FXUYHF IRUUROOHGVHFWLRQV

FXUYHG IRUZHOGHGVHFWLRQVSURYLGHGWKDW

e

ˆ

W

K

I

ZKHUH K

LVWKHRYHUDOOGHSWKRIWKHFURVVVHFWLRQ

W

LVWKHWKLFNQHVVRIWKHFRPSUHVVLRQIODQJH

127()RUODWHUDOWRUVLRQDOEXFNOLQJRIFRPSRQHQWVRIEXLOGLQJVWUXFWXUHVVHH$QQH[%

/DWHUDOWRUVLRQDOEXFNOLQJRIIUDPHV

*HQHUDOPHWKRG

6HHRI(1

/DWHUDOWRUVLRQDOEXFNOLQJRISRUWDOIUDPHVZLWKSODVWLFGHVLJQ

*HQHUDO

3RUWDOIUDPHVPD\EHGHVLJQHGZLWKSODVWLFDQDO\VLVSURYLGHGODWHUDOWRUVLRQDOEXFNOLQJRIWKHIUDPHLV

SUHYHQWHGE\WKHIROORZLQJPHDQV
D UHVWUDLQWVDW³URWDWHG´SODVWLFKLQJHV
E YHULILFDWLRQRIVWDEOHOHQJWKRIVHJPHQWEHWZHHQVXFKUHVWUDLQWV

:KHUH LW FDQ EH GHPRQVWUDWHG WKDW XQGHU DOO XOWLPDWH VWDWH ORDG FRPELQDWLRQV WKH SODVWLF KLQJH LV

³QRQURWDWHG´EHFDXVHXQGHUWKDWORDGFRPELQDWLRQLWLVWKHODVWKLQJHWRIRUPRULWLVQRW\HWIXOO\IRUPHGQR

UHVWUDLQWVDUHQHFHVVDU\WRREWDLQVWDEOHOHQJWKVRIVHJPHQW

5HVWUDLQWVDWURWDWHGSODVWLFKLQJHV

8QGHU DOO XOWLPDWH OLPLW VWDWH ORDG FRPELQDWLRQV ERWK IODQJHV VKRXOG KDYH ODWHUDO UHVWUDLQW DW HDFK

URWDWHGSODVWLFKLQJHORFDWLRQGHVLJQHGWRUHVLVWDIRUFHHTXDOWRRIWKHIRUFHLQWKHFRPSUHVVLRQIODQJH

:KHUH LW LV QRW SUDFWLFDEOH WR SURYLGH VXFK UHVWUDLQW GLUHFWO\ DW WKH KLQJH ORFDWLRQ LW VKRXOG EH SURYLGHG

ZLWKLQ D GLVWDQFH G DORQJ WKH OHQJWK RI WKH PHPEHU ZKHUH G LV LWV RYHUDOO GHSWK DW WKH SODVWLF KLQJH

ORFDWLRQ

9HULILFDWLRQRIVWDEOHOHQJWKRIVHJPHQW

7KHODWHUDOWRUVLRQDOEXFNOLQJYHULILFDWLRQRIXQLIRUPVHJPHQWVWRGHWHUPLQHWKHVWDEOHOHQJWKPD\EH

SHUIRUPHGDFFRUGLQJWR

background image

)LQDOGUDIW

3DJH

2FWREHU

SU(1[[

:KHUH D SODVWLF KLQJH ORFDWLRQ RFFXUV LPPHGLDWHO\ DGMDFHQW WR RQH HQG RI D KDXQFK WKH WDSHUHG

VHJPHQWQHHGQRWEHWUHDWHGDVDVHJPHQWDGMDFHQWWRDSODVWLFKLQJHORFDWLRQLIWKHIROORZLQJFULWHULDDUH

VDWLVILHG
)RUWKUHHIODQJHKDXQFKHV

D WKHUHVWUDLQWDWWKHSODVWLFKLQJHORFDWLRQVKRXOGEHZLWKLQDGLVWDQFHGDORQJWKHOHQJWKRIWKHWDSHUHG

VHJPHQWQRWKHXQLIRUPVHJPHQW

E WKHKDXQFKUHPDLQVHODVWLFWKURXJKRXWLWVOHQJWK

)RUWZRIODQJHKDXQFKHV

D WKHPRPHQWDWWKHODWHUDOUHVWUDLQWGRHVQRWH[FHHGRIWKHSODVWLFPRPHQWUHVLVWDQFHUHGXFHGWR

DOORZIRUDQD[LDOORDG

E WKHOHQJWK/

\

WRWKHDGMDFHQWODWHUDOUHVWUDLQWWRWKHFRPSUHVVLRQIODQJHGRHVQRWH[FHHGRIWKH

OLPLWLQJOHQJWK

127($ODWHUDOWRUVLRQDOEXFNOLQJYHULILFDWLRQRIWDSHUHGVHJPHQWV WR GHWHUPLQH WKH VWDEOHOHQJWK

PD\EHSHUIRUPHGDFFRUGLQJWR$QQH[%

%HQGLQJDQGD[LDOFRPSUHVVLRQ

6HHRI(1

%XLOWXSFRPSUHVVLRQPHPEHUV

6HHRI(1

%XFNOLQJRISODWHV

)RUEXFNOLQJRISODWHVWKHUXOHVLQ(1VKRXOGEHDSSOLHG

6HUYLFHDELOLW\OLPLWVWDWHV

*HQHUDO

6HHRI(1

6HUYLFHDELOLW\OLPLWVWDWHVIRUEXLOGLQJV

*HQHUDO

:LWKUHIHUHQFHWR(1±$QQH[$±)LJXUH$WKHOLPLWVIRUYHUWLFDOGHIOHFWLRQVJLYHQLQ

7DEOHDUHUHFRPPHQGHG

background image

3DJH

)LQDOGUDIW

SU(1[[

2FWREHU

7DEOH([DPSOHIRUOLPLWLQJGHVLJQYDOXHVIRUGHIOHFWLRQVDVDIXQFWLRQRI

VSDQ/RUWZLFHWKHOHQJWKRIDFDQWLOHYHU

6HUYLFHDELOLW\UHTXLUHPHQW

&KDUDFWHULVWLFFRPELQDWLRQRIDFWLRQV

'HIOHFWLRQ

d

PD[

-d

F

,UUHYHUVLEOHOLPLWVWDWHV/LPLWGHIRUPDWLRQVWRFRQWUROFUDFNLQJIRUSDUWLFXODUHOHPHQWV

3DUWLWLRQV

±

EULWWOHSDUWLWLRQZDOOVQRWUHLQIRUFHG

”/

±

UHLQIRUFHGSDUWLWLRQZDOOV

”/

±

UHPRYDEOHSDUWLWLRQZDOOV

”/

&HLOLQJV

±

SODVWHUHGFHLOLQJ

”/

±

IDOVHFHLOLQJ

”/

)ORRULQJ

±

ULJLGIORRULQJHJFHUDPLFWLOHV

”/

±

IOH[LEOHIORRULQJHJIOH[LEOHIORRUFRYHULQJ

”/

,UUHYHUVLEOH/LPLW6WDWHV/LPLWGHIOHFWLRQWRHQVXUHGUDLQDJHRIZDWHU

5RRIFRYHULQJ

±

ULJLGFRYHULQJ

”/

±

IOH[LEOHFRYHULQJ

”/

5HFRPPHQGDWLRQVIRUKRUL]RQWDOGHIOHFWLRQV

:LWKUHIHUHQFHWR(1±$QQH[$±)LJXUH$WKHOLPLWVIRUKRUL]RQWDOGHIOHFWLRQVJLYHQ

LQ7DEOHDUHUHFRPPHQGHG

7DEOH([DPSOHVIRUOLPLWLQJGHVLJQYDOXHVRIKRUL]RQWDOGHIOHFWLRQVDVD

IXQFWLRQRIKHLJKW+RIWKHEXLOGLQJVWRUH\KHLJKWD+RUVSDQ/

&RPELQDWLRQRIDFWLRQV

6HUYLFHDELOLW\UHTXLUHPHQW

&KDUDFWHULVWLF

3DUWLWLRQV

DX”D+

$SSHDUDQFHRIWKHVWUXFWXUH

DX”D+

'\QDPLFHIIHFWV

7KH YLEUDWLRQV RI VWUXFWXUH RQ ZKLFK WKH SXEOLF FDQ ZDON VKDOO EH OLPLWHG WR DYRLG VLJQLILFDQW

GLVFRPIRUWWRXVHUV

127(7KHQDWXUDOIUHTXHQF\IPD\EHHVWLPDWHGDVDQDSSUR[LPDWLRQIRUVLPSO\VXSSRUWHGEHDPV

DVIROORZV

d

=

I

ZKHUHdLVWKHGHIOHFWLRQLQ>PP@

127(7KH1DWLRQDO$QQH[PD\VSHFLI\OLPLWVIRUYLEUDWLRQRIIORRUV

)DVWHQHUVZHOGVFRQQHFWLRQVDQGMRLQWV

)RUWKHGHVLJQRIIDVWHQHUVZHOGFRQQHFWLRQVDQGMRLQWVVHH(1

background image

)LQDOGUDIW

3DJH

2FWREHU

SU(1[[

$QQH[ $ >LQIRUPDWLYH@ ± 6LPSOLILHG SURYLVLRQV IRU WKH GHVLJQ RI

FRQWLQXRXVIORRUEHDPV

'UDIWQRWH 7REHGUDIWHGDIWHUDJUHHPHQWLQWKH&(17&&RRUGLQDWLRQ*URXS

background image

3DJH

)LQDOGUDIW

SU(1[[

2FWREHU

$QQH[%>LQIRUPDWLYH@±%XFNOLQJRIFRPSRQHQWVRIEXLOGLQJVWUXFWXUHV

% )OH[XUDOEXFNOLQJRIFROXPQVLQIUDPHVZLWKULJLGFRQQHFWLRQV

7KHEXFNOLQJOHQJWK/

FU

RIDFROXPQLQDQRQVZD\PRGHPD\EHREWDLQHGIURP)LJXUH%

7KHEXFNOLQJOHQJWK/

FU

RIDFROXPQLQDVZD\PRGHPD\EHREWDLQHGIURP)LJXUH%

)LJXUH%%XFNOLQJOHQJWKUDWLR/

FU

/IRUDFROXPQLQDQRQVZD\PRGH

background image

)LQDOGUDIW

3DJH

2FWREHU

SU(1[[

)LJXUH%%XFNOLQJOHQJWKUDWLR/

FU

/IRUDFROXPQLQDVZD\PRGH

% )OH[XUDOEXFNOLQJRIPHPEHUVLQWULDQJXODWHGDQGODWWLFHVWUXFWXUHV

% *HQHUDO

)RUFKRUGPHPEHUVJHQHUDOO\DQGIRURXWRISODQHEXFNOLQJRIZHEPHPEHUVWKHEXFNOLQJOHQJWK/

FU

VKDOOEHWDNHQDVHTXDOWRWKHV\VWHPOHQJWK/XQOHVVDVPDOOHUYDOXHLVMXVWLILHGE\DQDO\VLV

:HEPHPEHUVPD\EHGHVLJQHGILULQSODQHEXFNOLQJXVLQJDEXFNOLQJOHQJWKVPDOOHUWKDQWKHV\VWHP

OHQJWK SURYLGHG WKH FKRUGV VXSSO\ DSSURSULDWH HQG UHVWUDLQW DQG WKH HQG FRQQHFWLRQV VXSSO\ DSSURSULDWH

IL[LW\DWOHDVWEROWVLIEROWHG

background image

3DJH

)LQDOGUDIW

SU(1[[

2FWREHU

8QGHUWKHVHFRQGLWLRQVLQQRUPDOWULDQJXODWHGVWUXFWXUHVWKHEXFNOLQJOHQJWK/

FU

RIZHEPHPEHUVIRU

LQSODQHEXFNOLQJPD\EHWDNHQDV/H[FHSWIRUDQJOHVHFWLRQVVHH%

% $QJOHVDVZHEPHPEHUV

3URYLGHGWKDWWKHFKRUGVVXSSO\DSSURSULDWHHQGUHVWUDLQWWRZHEPHPEHUVPDGHRIDQJOHVDQGWKHHQG

FRQQHFWLRQVRIVXFKZHEPHPEHUVVXSSO\DSSURSULDWHIL[LW\DWOHDVWWZREROWVLIEROWHGWKHHFFHQWULFLWLHV

PD\EHQHJOHFWHGDQGHQGIL[LWLHVDOORZHGIRULQWKHGHVLJQRIDQJOHVDVZHEPHPEHUVLQFRPSUHVVLRQ7KH

HIIHFWLYHVOHQGHUQHVVUDWLR`l

HII

VKRXOGEHREWDLQHGDVIROORZV

Y

Y

HII

l

+

=

l

IRUEXFNOLQJDERXWYYD[LV

\

\

HII

l

+

=

l

IRUEXFNOLQJDERXW\\D[LV

%

]

]

HII

l

+

=

l

IRUEXFNOLQJDERXW]]D[LV

ZKHUH`lLVDVGHILQHGLQ(1

:KHQ RQO\ VLQJOH EROWV DUH XVHG IRU HQG FRQQHFWLRQV RI DQJOH ZHE PHPEHUV RU ZKHQ WKH HQG

FRQQHFWLRQ KDV SRRU VWLIIQHVV WKH HFFHQWULFLW\ VKRXOG EH WDNHQ LQWR DFFRXQW XVLQJ (1 DQG WKH

EXFNOLQJOHQJWK/

FU

VKRXOGEHWDNHQDVHTXDOWRWKHV\VWHPOHQJWK/

'UDIWQRWH 5XOHVWREHFKHFNHG

% +ROORZVHFWLRQVDVPHPEHUV

7KHEXFNOLQJOHQJWK/

FU

RIDKROORZVHFWLRQFKRUGPHPEHUVKRXOGEHWDNHQDV/IRUERWKLQSODQH

DQG RXWRISODQH EXFNOLQJ ZKHUH / LV WKH V\VWHP OHQJWK IRU WKH UHOHYDQW SODQH XQOHVV D VPDOOHU YDOXH LV

MXVWLILHGE\DQDO\VLV

7KH EXFNOLQJ OHQJWK /

FU

RI DQ , RU + VHFWLRQ FKRUG PHPEHU VKRXOG EH WDNHQ DV / IRU LQSODQH

EXFNOLQJDQG/IRURXWRISODQHEXFNOLQJXQOHVVDVPDOOHUYDOXHLVMXVWLILHGE\DQDO\VLV

7KHEXFNOLQJOHQJWK/

FU

RIDKROORZVHFWLRQEUDFHPHPEHUZLWKEROWHGFRQQHFWLRQVVKRXOGEHWDNHQDV

/IRUERWKLQSODQHDQGRXWRISODQHEXFNOLQJ

7KH EXFNOLQJ OHQJWK /

FU

RI D KROORZ VHFWLRQ EUDFH PHPEHU ZLWKRXW FURSSLQJ RU IODWWHQLQJ ZHOGHG

DURXQGLWVSHULPHWHUWRKROORZVHFWLRQFKRUGVPD\JHQHUDOO\EHWDNHQDV/IRUERWKLQSODQHDQGRXWRI

SODQHEXFNOLQJ$OWHUQDWLYHO\LWVEXFNOLQJOHQJWKPD\EHGHWHUPLQHGE\XVLQJWKHH[SUHVVLRQVJLYHQLQ7DEOH

%

,IWKHFRQGLWLRQVDWHDFKHQGRIEUDFHPHPEHUGLIIHUWKHEXFNOLQJOHQJWK/

FU

VKRXOGEHWDNHQDVWKH

DULWKPHWLFPHDQRIWKHUHVSHFWLYHYDOXHVRIWKHWZRHQGFRQGLWLRQV

background image

)LQDOGUDIW

3DJH

2FWREHU

SU(1[[

7DEOH%,QSODQHDQGRXWSODQHEXFNOLQJOHQJWKIDFWRUVIRUKROORZVHFWLRQ

EUDFHPHPEHUVZHOGHGWRKROORZVHFWLRQFKRUGV

&KRUGPHPEHU

%UDFHPHPEHU

/

FU

/

&+6

&+6

FU

/G

G

/

/

ÜÜÝ

Û

ÌÌÍ

Ë

=

EXW/

FU

/˜DQG/

FU

&+6

FU

/E

G

/

/

ÜÜÝ

Û

ÌÌÍ

Ë

=

EXW/

FU

/˜DQG/

FU

5+6

5+6

,QSODQH

FU

/E

E

/

/

ÜÜÝ

Û

ÌÌÍ

Ë

=

EXW/

FU

/˜DQG/

FU

2XWRISODQH

FU

/E

K

/

/

ÜÜÝ

Û

ÌÌÍ

Ë

=

EXW/

FU

/˜DQG/

FU

ZKHUH

&+6GHQRWHVDFLUFXODUKROORZVHFWLRQPHPEHU

5+6GHQRWHVDUHFWDQJXODUKROORZVHFWLRQPHPEHU

E

LVWKHZLGWKRIDUHFWDQJXODUKROORZVHFWLRQFKRUGPHPEHURXWRISODQH

E

LVWKHZLGWKRIDUHFWDQJXODUKROORZVHFWLRQEUDFHPHPEHURXWRISODQH

G

LVWKHGLDPHWHURIDFLUFXODUKROORZVHFWLRQFKRUGPHPEHU

G

LVWKHGLDPHWHURIDFLUFXODUKROORZVHFWLRQEUDFHPHPEHU

K

LVWKHKHLJKWRIDUHFWDQJXODUKROORZVHFWLRQFKRUGPHPEHULQSODQH

/LVWKHV\VWHPOHQJWKRIDEUDFHPHPEHU

% 7RUVLRQDODQGWRUVLRQDOIOH[XUDOEXFNOLQJ

% (ODVWLFFULWLFDOEXFNOLQJORDGRIFRPSUHVVLRQPHPEHUV

7KHHODVWLFWRUVLRQDOIOH[XUDOEXFNOLQJIRUFH1

FU7)

LVJHQHUDOO\JLYHQE\WKHVROXWLRQRIWKHIROORZLQJ

FXELFHTXDWLRQ

(

)

(

)(

)

(

)

(

)

1

1

1

\

1

1

1

]

L

1

1

1

1

1

1

]

FU

\

FU

7

FU

]

FU

\

FU

=

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

%

ZKHUH 1

FU\

LVWKHHODVWLFFULWLFDOIRUFHIRUIOH[XUDOEXFNOLQJDERXWWKH\\D[LV

1

FU]

LVWKHHODVWLFFULWLFDOIRUFHIRUIOH[XUDOEXFNOLQJDERXWWKH]]D[LV

ß

à

Þ

Ï

Ð

Î

p

+

=

7

Z

W

7

FU

(,

*,

L

1

l

]

\

]

\

L

L

L

+

+

+

=

*

LVWKHVKHDUPRGXOXV

,

W

LVWKHWRUVLRQFRQVWDQWRIWKHJURVVFURVVVHFWLRQ

,

Z

LVWKHZDUSLQJFRQVWDQWRIWKHJURVVFURVVVHFWLRQ

L

\

LVWKHUDGLXVRIJ\UDWLRQRIWKHJURVVFURVVVHFWLRQDERXWWKH\\D[LV

L

]

LVWKHUDGLXVRIJ\UDWLRQRIWKHJURVVFURVVVHFWLRQDERXWWKH]]D[LV

background image

3DJH

)LQDOGUDIW

SU(1[[

2FWREHU

\

]

DUHWKHVKHDUFHQWUHFRRUGLQDWHVZLWKUHVSHFWWRWKHFHQWURLGRIWKHJURVVFURVVVHFWLRQ

7

LVWKHHIIHFWLYHHODVWLFWRUVLRQDOEXFNOLQJOHQJWK

)RUGRXEO\V\PPHWULFFURVVVHFWLRQVHJ\

]

7

FU

7)

FU

1

1

=

%

SURYLGHG1

FU7

1

FU\

DQG1

FU]

)RUFURVVVHFWLRQVWKDWDUHV\PPHWULFDODERXWWKH\\D[LVHJ[

ß

ß

ß

à

Þ

Ï

Ï

Ï

Ð

Î

ÜÜÝ

Û

ÌÌÍ

Ë

+

Ü

Ü
Ý

Û

Ì

Ì
Í

Ë

-

-

+

b

=

\

FU

7

FU

\

FU

7

FU

\

FU

7

FU

\

FU

7)

FU

1

1

L

\

1

1

1

1

1

1

%

ZKHUH

L

\

ÜÜÝ

Û

ÌÌÍ

Ë

-

=

b

7KHEXFNOLQJOHQJWK/

FU7

IRUWRUVLRQDORUWRUVLRQDOIOH[XUDOEXFNOLQJVKDOOEHGHWHUPLQHGWDNLQJLQWR

DFFRXQWWKHGHJUHHRIWRUVLRQDODQGZDUSLQJUHVWUDLQWDWHDFKHQGRIWKHV\VWHPOHQJWK/

7

7KHYDOXHRI/

FU7

/

7

VKRXOGEHXVHGLIQRWDQDO\VHGRWKHUZLVH

% (ODVWLFFULWLFDOPRPHQWIRUEHDPV

% &URVVVHFWLRQVV\PPHWULFDODERXWWKHPLQRUD[LV

,QWKHFDVHRIDEHDPRIXQLIRUPFURVVVHFWLRQWKDWLVV\PPHWULFDODERXWWKHPLQRUD[LVIRUEHQGLQJ

DERXWWKHPDMRUD[LVWKHHODVWLFFULWLFDOPRPHQWIRUODWHUDOWRUVLRQDOEXFNOLQJLVJLYHQE\WKHJHQHUDOIRUPXOD

Ôã

Ô

â

á

ÔÓ

Ô

Ò

Ñ

ß

ß
à

Þ

Ï

Ï
Ð

Î

p

ÜÜÝ

Û

ÌÌÍ

Ë

p

@

]

&

]

>&

]

&

]

&

(,

*,

N/

,

,

N

N

N/

(,

&

0

M

J

M

J

]

W

]

Z

Z

]

FU

%

ZKHUH

(

*

n

,

W

LVWKHWRUVLRQFRQVWDQW

,

Z

LVWKHZDUSLQJFRQVWDQW

,

]

LVWKHVHFRQGPRPHQWRIDUHDDERXWWKHPLQRUD[LV

/

LVWKHOHQJWKRIWKHEHDPEHWZHHQSRLQWVZKLFKKDYHODWHUDOUHVWUDLQW

&

&

DQG&

DUHIDFWRUVGHSHQGLQJRQWKHORDGLQJDQGHQGUHVWUDLQWFRQGLWLRQV

NDQGN

Z

DUHHIIHFWLYHOHQJWKIDFWRUV

]

J

]

D

]

V

(

)

×

+

-

=

$

\

V

M

G$

,

]

]

\

]

]

]

D

LVWKHFRRUGLQDWHRIWKHSRLQWRIORDGDSSOLFDWLRQ

]

V

LVWKHFRRUGLQDWHRIWKHVKHDUFHQWUH

127(6HHDQGIRUVLJQFRQYHQWLRQVDQGIRUDSSUR[LPDWLRQVIRU]

M

background image

)LQDOGUDIW

3DJH

2FWREHU

SU(1[[

7KHHIIHFWLYHOHQJWKIDFWRUVNDQGN

Z

YDU\IURPIRUIXOOUHVWUDLQWWRIRUQRUHVWUDLQWZLWKIRU

RQHHQGIL[HGDQGRQHHQGIUHH7KHQRUPDOFRQGLWLRQVRIUHVWUDLQWDWHDFKHQGDUH

N N

Z

±

UHVWUDLQHGDJDLQVWODWHUDOPRYHPHQWIUHHWRURWDWHRQSODQ

±

UHVWUDLQHGDJDLQVWURWDWLRQDERXWWKHORQJLWXGLQDOD[LVIUHHWRZDUS

±

UHVWUDLQHGDJDLQVWPRYHPHQWLQSODQHRIORDGLQJIUHHWRURWDWHLQSODQ

127(

±

WKH IDFWRU N UHIHUV WR HQG URWDWLRQ RQ SODQ ,W LV DQDORJRXV WR WKH UDWLR / IRU D FRPSUHVVLRQ

PHPEHU

±

WKHIDFWRUN

Z

UHIHUVWRHQGZDUSLQJ

8QOHVVVSHFLDOSURYLVLRQIRUZDUSLQJUHVWUDLQWLVPDGHN

Z

VKRXOGEHWDNHQDV

9DOXHVRI&

&

DQG&

DUHJLYHQLQ7DEOH%DQG7DEOH%IRUYDULRXVORDGFDVHVDVLQGLFDWHGE\

WKH VKDSH RI WKH EHQGLQJ PRPHQW GLDJUDP RYHU WKH OHQJWK / EHWZHHQ ODWHUDO UHVWUDLQWV 9DOXHV DUH JLYHQ

FRUUHVSRQGLQJWRYDULRXVYDOXHVRINDQGLQ7DEOH%DOVRFRUUHVSRQGLQJWRYDULRXVYDOXHVRIN

Z

)RUFDVHVZLWKN WKHYDOXHRI&

IRUGRXEO\V\PPHWULFSURILOHVDQGDQ\UDWLRRIHQGPRPHQW

ORDGLQJDVLQGLFDWHGLQ7DEOH%LVJLYHQDSSUR[LPDWHO\E\

&

EXW

&

ˆ

y

+

y

-

=

%

7KHVLJQFRQYHQWLRQIRUGHWHUPLQLQJ]

M

VHH)LJXUH%LV

±

]LVQHJDWLYHIRUWKHFRPSUHVVLRQIODQJH

±

]

M

LVSRVLWLYHZKHQWKHIODQJHZLWKWKHODUJHUYDOXHRI,

]

LVLQFRPSUHVVLRQDWWKHSRLQWRIODUJHVW

PRPHQW

'UDIWQRWH $FFRUGLQJWR3URI,YDQ%DOD]WKLVVHQWHQFHLVQRWFRUUHFWDQGVKRXOGEHGHOHWHG±HJVHHIL[HG

EHDPV]

M

LVFOHDUO\GHILQHGE\

(

)

×

+

-

=

$

\

V

M

G$

,

]

]

\

]

]

7KHVLJQFRQYHQWLRQIRUGHWHUPLQLQJ]

J

LV

±

IRUJUDYLW\ORDGV]

J

LVQHJDWLYHIRUORDGVDSSOLHGDERYHWKHVKHDUFHQWUH

±

LQ WKH JHQHUDO FDVH ]

J

LV QHJDWLYH IRU ORDGV DFWLQJ WRZDUGV WKH VKHDU FHQWUH IURP WKHLU SRLQW RI

DSSOLFDWLRQ

'UDIWQRWH 3URI,YDQ%DOD]VXJJHVWVWKDWVLJQFRQYHQWLRQVKRXOGEHFKDQJHG5HIHUHQFHLVDOVRPDGHWR

',17DQGWKHIRUPDWRI(T

background image

3DJH

)LQDOGUDIW

SU(1[[

2FWREHU

&RPSUHVVLRQ

7HQVLRQ

6KHDUFHQWUH

&HQWURLG

]

V

\

]

&RPSUHVVLRQ

7HQVLRQ

6KHDUFHQWUH

&HQWURLG

]

V

\

]

)LJXUH%6LJQFRQYHQWLRQIRUGHWHUPLQLQJ]

M

6LJQFRQYHQWLRQVKRXOGEH

FKDQJHG

'UDIWQRWH0RGLILFDWLRQVSURSRVHGE\3URI,YDQ%DOD]

)RUDQ,VHFWLRQZLWKXQHTXDOIODQJHV

(

)

V

]

I

Z

K

,

,

Ü

Ý

Û

Ì

Í

Ë

y

-

=

%

ZKHUH

IW

IF

IW

IF

I

,

,

,

,

+

-

=

y

,

IF

LVWKHVHFRQGPRPHQWRIDUHDRIWKHFRPSUHVVLRQIODQJHDERXWWKHPLQRUD[LVRIWKHFURVVVHFWLRQ

,

IW

LVWKHVHFRQGPRPHQWRIDUHDRIWKHWHQVLRQIODQJHDERXWWKHPLQRUD[LVRIWKHFURVVVHFWLRQ

K

V

LVWKHGLVWDQFHEHWZHHQWKHVKHDUFHQWUHVRIWKHIODQJHV

7KHIROORZLQJDSSUR[LPDWLRQVIRU]

M

FDQEHXVHG

ZKHQ

K

]

I

V

I

M

˜

y

y

=

%

ZKHQ

K

]

I

V

I

M

<

y

y

=

%

IRUVHFWLRQVZLWKDOLSSHGFRPSUHVVLRQIODQJH

ZKHQ

K

K

K

]

I

V

/

I

M

˜

y

Ü

Ý

Û

Ì

Í

Ë +

y

=

%

ZKHQ

K

K

K

]

I

V

/

I

M

<

y

Ü

Ý

Û

Ì

Í

Ë +

y

=

%

ZKHUHK

/

LVWKHGHSWKRIWKHOLS

% %LV\PPHWULFFURVVVHFWLRQV

7KH HODVWLF FULWLFDO PRPHQW IRU ODWHUDOWRUVLRQDO EXFNOLQJ RI D EHDP RI XQLIRUP V\PPHWULFDO FURVV

VHFWLRQZLWKHTXDOIODQJHV]

M

Ôã

Ô

â

á

ÔÓ

Ô

Ò

Ñ

ß

ß
à

Þ

Ï

Ï
Ð

Î

p

ÜÜÝ

Û

ÌÌÍ

Ë

p

J

J

]

W

]

Z

Z

]

FU

]

&

]

&

(,

*,

N/

,

,

N

N

N/

(,

&

0

%

background image

)LQDOGUDIW

3DJH

2FWREHU

SU(1[[

)RUHQGPRPHQWORDGLQJ&

DQGIRUWUDQVYHUVHORDGVDSSOLHGDWWKHVKHDUFHQWUH]

J

)RUWKHVH

FDVHV

(,

*,

N/

,

,

N

N

N/

(,

&

0

]

W

]

Z

Z

]

FU

p

ÜÜÝ

Û

ÌÌÍ

Ë

p

%

)RUQRUPDOFRQGLWLRQVRIUHVWUDLQWDWHDFKHQGN N

Z

(,

*,

/

,

,

/

(,

&

0

]

W

]

Z

]

FU

p

p

%

7DEOH%9DOXHVRIIDFWRUV&

&

DQG&

FRUUHVSRQGLQJWRYDOXHVRIIDFWRUN

(QGPRPHQWORDGLQJ

9DOXHVRIIDFWRUV

/RDGLQJDQGVXSSRUW

FRQGLWLRQV

%HQGLQJPRPHQWGLDJUDP

9DOXHV

RIN

&

&

&

y

y

y

y

y

y

y

y

M

yM

y

background image

3DJH

)LQDOGUDIW

SU(1[[

2FWREHU

7DEOH%9DOXHVRIIDFWRUV&

&

DQG&

FRUUHVSRQGLQJWRYDOXHVRIIDFWRUN

7UDQVYHUVHORDGLQJFDVHV

9DOXHVRIIDFWRUV

/RDGLQJDQGVXSSRUW

FRQGLWLRQV

%HQGLQJPRPHQW

GLDJUDP

9DOXHV

RIN

&

&

&

Z

Z

)

)

)

)

F/

% 0LQLPXPUHVWUDLQWVDORQJFROXPQVDQGEHDPV

% /DWHUDOUHVWUDLQWV

,IWUDSH]RLGDOVKHHWLQJDFFRUGLQJWR(1LVFRQQHFWHGWRDEHDPDQGWKHFRQGLWLRQH[SUHVVHG

E\HTXDWLRQ%LVPHWWKHEHDPDWWKHFRQQHFWLRQPD\EHUHJDUGHGDVEHLQJODWHUDOO\UHVWUDLQHGLQWKH

SODQHRIWKHVKHHWLQJ

]

W

Z

K

K

O

(,

*,

O

(,

6

ÜÜÝ

Û

ÌÌÍ

Ë

p

+

+

p

˜

%

ZKHUH

6

LVWKHSRUWLRQRIWKHVKHDUVWLIIQHVVSURYLGHGE\WKHVKHHWLQJIRUWKHH[DPLQHGEHDPFRQQHFWHG

WRWKHVKHHWLQJDWHDFKULE

Z

,

LVWKHZDUSLQJFRQVWDQW

W

,

LVWKHWRUVLRQFRQVWDQW

]

,

LVWKHVHFRQGPRPHQWRIDUHDRIWKHFURVVVHFWLRQDERXWWKHPLQRUD[LVRIWKHFURVVVHFWLRQ

,IWKHVKHHWLQJLVFRQQHFWHGWRDEHDPDWHYHU\VHFRQGULERQO\

6

VKDOOEHVXEVWLWXWHGE\

6

¼

127( (T % PD\ DOVR EH XVHG WR GHWHUPLQH WKH ODWHUDO VWDELOLW\ RI EHDP IODQJHV XVHG LQ

FRPELQDWLRQZLWKRWKHUW\SHVRIFODGGLQJWKDQWUDSH]RLGDOVKHHWLQJSURYLGHGWKDWWKHFRQQHFWLRQVDUH

RIVXLWDEOHGHVLJQ

'UDIWQRWH ,WKDVWREHFKHFNHGLIWKHUHTXLUHPHQWVLQ(1DUHVXIILFLHQWIRUWKHDOORZDQFHJLYHQ

DERYH

% 7RUVLRQDOUHVWUDLQW

'UDIWQRWH 7REHGHYHORSHGWRLGHQWLI\SURGXFWUHTXLUHPHQWV

background image

)LQDOGUDIW

3DJH

2FWREHU

SU(1[[

% 6WDEOH OHQJWKV RI VHJPHQW FRQWDLQLQJ SODVWLF KLQJHV IRU RXWRISODQH

EXFNOLQJ

% 8QLIRUPPHPEHUVZLWKELV\PPHWULF,VHFWLRQV

% 6WDEOHOHQJWKVEHWZHHQDGMDFHQWODWHUDOUHVWUDLQWV

7KHOHQJWK/EHWZHHQUHVWUDLQWVRIDVHJPHQWRIDPHPEHUFRQWDLQLQJDSODVWLFKLQJHFDQGHYHORSIXOO

SODVWLFDFWLRQLI/LVQRWJUHDWHUWKDQ/

P

ZKHUH

\

W

SO

(G

]

P

I

$,

:

&

$

1

L

/

ÜÜÝ

Û

ÌÌÍ

Ë

Ü

Ü
Ý

Û

Ì

Ì
Í

Ë

+

Ü

Ý

Û

Ì

Í

Ë

=

%

SURYLGHGWKDWWKHPHPEHULVUHVWUDLQHGDWWKHKLQJHDVUHTXLUHGE\(1UHVWUDLQWDWDSODVWLFKLQJHDQG

WKDW

±

HLWKHUWKHUHDUHODWHUDOUHVWUDLQWVDWERWKHQGVRIWKHVHJPHQWWRWKHFRPSUHVVLRQIODQJHZKHUHRQHIODQJH

LVLQFRPSUHVVLRQWKURXJKRXWWKHOHQJWKRIWKHVHJPHQW

±

RUWKHUHDUHODWHUDOUHVWUDLQWVDWERWKHQGVRIWKHVHJPHQWDQG DWRUVLRQDO UHVWUDLQWWR WKH PHPEHU DW D

GLVWDQFHWKDWVDWLVILHVWKHUHTXLUHPHQWVIRU/

V

)RUWDSHUHG,VHFWLRQVZLWKXQLIRUPIODQJHV/

P

PD\EHFDOFXODWHGXVLQJWKHVHFWLRQSURSHUWLHVRIWKH

GHHSHVWVHFWLRQ

% 6WDEOHOHQJWKEHWZHHQWRUVLRQDOUHVWUDLQWV

)RUPHPEHUVXQGHUFRQVWDQWPRPHQWDQGQRD[LDOFRPSUHVVLRQDVHJPHQWRIDPHPEHUFRQWDLQLQJD

SODVWLFKLQJHFDQGHYHORSIXOOSODVWLFDFWLRQLI/LVQRWJUHDWHUWKDQ/

N

SURYLGHGWKDW

±

WKHPHPEHULVUHVWUDLQHGDWWKHKLQJHDVUHTXLUHGE\(1UHVWUDLQWDWDSODVWLFKLQJH

±

WKHUHDUHRQHRUPRUHLQWHUPHGLDWHUHVWUDLQWVEHWZHHQWKHWRUVLRQDOUHVWUDLQWVDWDVSDFLQJWKDWVDWLVILHVWKH

UHTXLUHPHQWVIRU/

P

ZKHUH

W

K

(

I

W

K

(

I

/

I

\

I

\

N

-

ÜÜÝ

Û

ÌÌÍ

Ë

ÜÜÝ

Û

ÌÌÍ

Ë

ÜÜÝ

Û

ÌÌÍ

Ë

ÜÜÝ

Û

ÌÌÍ

Ë

+

=

%

)RUPHPEHUVXQGHUOLQHDUPRPHQWJUDGLHQWDQGD[LDOFRPSUHVVLRQDVHJPHQWRIDPHPEHUFRQWDLQLQJ

DSODVWLFKLQJHFDQGHYHORSIXOOSODVWLFDFWLRQLI/LVQRWJUHDWHUWKDQ/

V

SURYLGHGWKDW

±

WKHPHPEHULVUHVWUDLQHGDWWKHKLQJHDVUHTXLUHGE\(1UHVWUDLQWDWDSODVWLFKLQJH

±

WKHUHDUHRQHRUPRUHLQWHUPHGLDWHUHVWUDLQWVEHWZHHQWKHWRUVLRQDOUHVWUDLQWVDWDVSDFLQJWKDWVDWLVILHVWKH

UHTXLUHPHQWVIRU/

P

ZKHUH

Ü

Ü
Ý

Û

Ì

Ì
Í

Ë

+

=

(G

5N

1

SO

5N

SO

N

P

V

D1

0

0

/

&

/

%

&

P

LVWKHPRGLILFDWLRQIDFWRUIRUOLQHDUPRPHQWJUDGLHQW

D

LV WKH GLVWDQFH EHWZHHQ WKH FHQWURLG RI WKH PHPEHU ZLWK WKH SODVWLF KLQJH DQG WKH FHQWURLG RI WKH

UHVWUDLQWPHPEHUV

background image

3DJH

)LQDOGUDIW

SU(1[[

2FWREHU

)RU PHPEHUV XQGHU QRQOLQHDU PRPHQW JUDGLHQW DQG D[LDO FRPSUHVVLRQ D VHJPHQW RI D PHPEHU

FRQWDLQLQJDSODVWLFKLQJHFDQGHYHORSIXOOSODVWLFDFWLRQLI/LVQRWJUHDWHUWKDQ/

V

SURYLGHGWKDW

±

WKHPHPEHULVUHVWUDLQHGDWWKHKLQJHDVUHTXLUHGE\(1UHVWUDLQWDWDSODVWLFKLQJH

±

WKHUHDUHRQHRUPRUHLQWHUPHGLDWHUHVWUDLQWVEHWZHHQWKHWRUVLRQDOUHVWUDLQWVDWDVSDFLQJWKDWVDWLVILHVWKH

UHTXLUHPHQWVIRU/

P

ZKHUH

N

Q

V

/

&

/ =

%

&

Q

LVWKHPRGLILFDWLRQIDFWRUIRUQRQOLQHDUPRPHQWJUDGLHQWVHH%

% +DXQFKHGRUWDSHUHGPHPEHUV

)RUXQLIRUPPHPEHUVXQGHUOLQHDURUQRQOLQHDUPRPHQWJUDGLHQWDQGD[LDOFRPSUHVVLRQDVHJPHQWRI

DPHPEHUFRQWDLQLQJDSODVWLFKLQJHFDQGHYHORSIXOOSODVWLFDFWLRQLI/LVQRWJUHDWHUWKDQ/

V

SURYLGHGWKDW

±

WKHPHPEHULVUHVWUDLQHGDWWKHKLQJHDVUHTXLUHGE\(1UHVWUDLQWDWDSODVWLFKLQJH

±

WKHUHDUHRQHRUPRUHLQWHUPHGLDWHUHVWUDLQWVEHWZHHQWKHWRUVLRQDOUHVWUDLQWVDWDVSDFLQJWKDWVDWLVILHVWKH

UHTXLUHPHQWVIRU/

P

ZKHUH

F

/

&

/

N

Q

V

=

%

/

N

LVWKHOHQJWKGHULYHGIRUDXQLIRUPPHPEHUZLWKDFURVVVHFWLRQHTXDOWRWKHVKDOORZHVWVHFWLRQ

F

LVWKHYDOXHGHILQHGLQ%

% 0RGLILFDWLRQIDFWRUVIRUPRPHQWJUDGLHQWVLQPHPEHUVUHVWUDLQHGDORQJWKHWHQVLRQ

IODQJH

% /LQHDUPRPHQWJUDGLHQWV

7KHPRGLILFDWLRQIDFWRU&PPD\EHGHWHUPLQHGIURP

W

W

P

%

%

%

&

b

+

b

+

=

%

LQZKLFK

ÜÜÝ

Û

ÌÌÍ

Ë

+

ÜÜÝ

Û

ÌÌÍ

Ë

+

=

FU7

FU(

FU7

FU(

1

1

1

1

%

FU7

FU(

FU7

FU(

1

1

1

1

%

+

p

=

ÜÜÝ

Û

ÌÌÍ

Ë

+

-

p

+

=

FU7

FU(

FU7

FU(

1

1

1

1

%

background image

)LQDOGUDIW

3DJH

2FWREHU

SU(1[[

W

]

FU(

/

(,

1

p

=

W

/

LVWKHGLVWDQFHEHWZHHQWKHWRUVLRQDOUHVWUDLQWV

Ü

Ü

Ý

Û

Ì

Ì

Í

Ë

+

p

+

p

=

W

W

Z

W

]

V

FU7

*,

/

(,

/

D

(,

L

1

ZKLFK LV WKH HODVWLF FULWLFDO EXFNOLQJ IRUFH IRU DQ ,VHFWLRQ

EHWZHHQUHVWUDLQWVWRERWKIODQJHVDWVSDFLQJ/WZLWKLQWHUPHGLDWH

ODWHUDOUHVWUDLQWVWRWKHWHQVLRQIODQJH

]

\

V

D

L

L

L

+

+

=

ZKHUH
D LVWKHGLVWDQFHEHWZHHQWKHFHQWURLGRIWKHPHPEHUDQGWKHFHQWURLGRIWKHUHVWUDLQLQJPHPEHUVVXFKDV

UDIWHUV

% 1RQOLQHDUPRPHQWJUDGLHQWV

7KHPRGLILFDWLRQIDFWRU&

Q

PD\EHGHWHUPLQHGIURP

(

)

[

]

(

6

Q

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

&

-

+

+

+

+

+

=

%

LQZKLFK5

WR5

DUHWKHYDOXHVRI5DFFRUGLQJWRRUDWWKHHQGVTXDUWHUSRLQWVDQGPLGOHQJWKVHH

)LJXUH%DQGRQO\SRVLWLYHYDOXHVRI5VKRXOGEHLQFOXGHG

,QDGGLWLRQRQO\SRVLWLYHYDOXHVRI5

6

±5

(

VKRXOGEHLQFOXGHGZKHUH

±

5

(

LVWKHJUHDWHURI5

RU5

±

5

V

LVWKHPD[LPXPYDOXHRI5DQ\ZKHUHLQWKHOHQJWK/

\

5

5

5

5

5

5

(

5

6

5

(

5

(

5

5

5

5

5

5

6

(

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

6

5

5

5

5

5

5

(

5

6

)LJXUH%0RPHQWUDWLRV

:KHQFKHFNLQJWKHODWHUDOUHVLVWDQFHDFFRUGLQJWR(17KHYDOXHRI5VKRXOGEHREWDLQHG

IURP

F

HO

\

\

6G

\

:

I

0

5 =

%

ZKHUH:

\HOF

LV WKH HODVWLF PRGXOXV RI WKH VHFWLRQIRU FDOFXODWLQJ WKH FRPSUHVVLYH VWUHVV IURP PDMRU D[LV

PRPHQWV

background image

3DJH

)LQDOGUDIW

SU(1[[

2FWREHU

% 7DSHUIDFWRU

)RUDQ,VHFWLRQZLWK'•%DQG[•WKHWDSHUIDFWRUFVKRXOGEHREWDLQHGDVIROORZV

±

IRUWDSHUHGPHPEHUVRUVHJPHQWV

PLQ

PD[

'

'

[

F

ÜÜÝ

Û

ÌÌÍ

Ë

-

-

+

=

%

±

IRUKDXQFKHGPHPEHUVRUVHJPHQWV

\

K

V

K

/

/

'

'

[

F

ÜÜÝ

Û

ÌÌÍ

Ë

-

+

=

%

ZKHUH %

LVWKHEUHDGWKRIWKHPLQLPXPGHSWKFURVVVHFWLRQ

'

K

LVWKHDGGLWLRQDOGHSWKRIWKHKDXQFKRUWDSHUVHH)LJXUH%

'

PD[

LVWKHPD[LPXPGHSWKRIFURVVVHFWLRQZLWKLQWKHOHQJWK/

\

VHH)LJXUH%

'

PLQ

LVWKHPLQLPXPGHSWKRIFURVVVHFWLRQZLWKLQWKHOHQJWK/

\

VHH)LJXUH%

'

V

LVWKHYHUWLFDOGHSWKRIWKHXQKDXQFKHGVHFWLRQVHH)LJXUH%

/

K

LVWKHOHQJWKRIKDXQFKZLWKLQWKHOHQJWK/

\

VHH)LJXUH%

/

\

LVWKHOHQJWKEHWZHHQSRLQWVDWZKLFKWKHFRPSUHVVLRQIODQJHLVODWHUDOO\UHVWUDLQHG

[

LVWKHWRUVLRQDOLQGH[RIWKHPLQLPXPGHSWKFURVVVHFWLRQVHH[[[[

'UDIWQRWH 7RUVLRQDOLQGH[WREHGHILQHG

[ UHVWUDLQW

/

\

'

PLQ

'

PD[

D7DSHUHGVHJPHQW

'

K

'

V

/

K

/

\

E+DXQFKHGVHJPHQW

'

K

'

V

/

K

/

\

F+DXQFKHGVHJPHQW

)LJXUH%'LPHQVLRQVGHILQLQJWDSHUIDFWRU


Wyszukiwarka

Podobne podstrony:
Eurocode 3 Part 3 prEN 1993 3 2001
Eurocode 1 Part 1,1 prEN 1991 1 1 2001
Eurocode 3 Part 2 (prEN 1993 2 March 2004)
Eurocode 3 Part 1,5 prEN 1993 1 5 2004 (Juin 2004)
Eurocode 3 Part 1,9 PrEN 1993 1 9 2003
Eurocode 3 Part 5 prEN 1993 5 (2004 Jul)
Eurocode 3 Part 1,8 prEN 1993 1 8 2003
Eurocode 5 Part 1,2 prEN 1995 1 2 2001
Eurocode 3 Part 5 prEN 1993 5 (2004 Jul)
Eurocode 3 Part 1,9 PrEN 1993 1 9 2003
Eurocode 3 Part 1,8 prEN 1993 1 8 2003
Eurocode 8 Part 1 prEN 1998 1 (12 2003)
Eurocode 3 Part 1,1 DDENV 1993 1 1 1992
Eurocode 1 Part 1,6 prEN 1991 1 6 2004
Eurocode 1 Part 2 prEN 1991 2 2002
Eurocode 1 Part 1,2 prEN 1991 1 2 2002

więcej podobnych podstron