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Between Sword

and Prayer

Warfare and Medieval Clergy
in Cultural Perspective

Edited by Radosław Kotecki,

Jacek Maciejewski

and John S. Ott

BE

TWEEN SW

ORD AND PRA

YER

Radosła

w K
ot

ecki, J

acek Maciejewski and J

ohn S. Ot

t (Eds

.)

EXPLORATIONS IN MEDIEVAL CULTURE, 3

issn 2352-0299

brill.com/emc

EMC

3

Between Sword and Prayer is a broad-ranging anthology focused on the

involvement of medieval clergy in warfare and a variety of related military

activities. The essays address, on the one hand, the issue of clerical participation

in combat, in organizing military campaigns, and in armed defense, and on

the other, questions surrounding the political, ideological, or religious

legitimization of clerical military aggression. These perspectives are further

enriched by chapters dealing with the problem of the textual representation

of clergy who actively participated in military affairs.

The essays in this volume span Latin Christendom, encompassing

geographically the four corners of medieval Europe: Western, East-

Central, Northern Europe, and the Mediterranean.

Contributors: Carlos de Ayala Martínez, Geneviève Bührer-Thierry, Chris Dennis,

Pablo Dorronzoro Ramírez, Lawrence G. Duggan, Daniel Gerrard,

Robert Houghton, Carsten Selch Jensen, Radosław Kotecki, Jacek Maciejewski,

Ivan Majnarić, Monika Michalska, Michael Edward Moore, Craig M. Nakashian,

John S. Ott, Katherine Allen Smith, and Anna Waśko.

Radosław Kotecki, Ph.D. (2013), Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz,

Poland, is Adjunct at that university. He has published essays on medieval

church and cultural history, and is co-editor of several volumes, including

Ecclesia et Violentia (Cambridge Scholars, 2014).

Jacek Maciejewski, Ph.D. (1996), is full Professor at Kazimierz Wielki

University, Poland. He has published extensively on the Polish medieval

episcopacy. He is the author of three monographs, including Episkopat polski

doby dzielnicowej, 1180–1320 (Societas Vistulana, 2003), and Adventus episcopi

(UKW, 2013)

John S. Ott, Ph.D. (1999), Stanford University, is Professor of History

at Portland State University. He is co-editor of The Bishop Reformed

(Ashgate, 2007), and the author of Bishops, Authority and Community

in Northwestern Europe, c.1050–1150 (Cambridge University Press, 2015).

Between

Sword

and Prayer

Warfare

and Medieval Clergy

in

Cultural Perspective

Edited

by

Radosław

Kotecki

Jacek Maciejewski

John

S. Ott

leiden | boston

Contents

Acknowledgements

vii

List of Abbreviations

viii

List of Contributors

xiii

The Medieval Clergy and War: A Historiographical Introduction

1

Radosław Kotecki, Jacek Maciejewski, and John S. Ott

1

Bishops as City Defenders in Early Medieval Gaul and Germany

24

Geneviève Bührer-Thierry

2

The Frankish Church and Missionary War in Central Europe

46

Michael Edward Moore

3

“De clericis qui pugnaverunt, aut pugnandi gratia armati fuerunt”:
Bishop Geoffrey of Coutances (1048–1093) and Clerical Participation
in the Battle of Hastings

88

Chris Dennis

4

Why Study Fighting Clergy? Knight Service, Integrated War, and the
Bounds of English Military History, c. 1000–1200

117

Daniel Gerrard

5

Orderic Vitalis and Henry of Huntingdon: Views of Clerical Warfare
from Inside and Outside the Cloister

159

Craig M. Nakashian

6

Ungirded for Battle: Knightly Conversion to Monastic Life and the
Making of Weapon-Relics in the Central Middle Ages

182

Katherine Allen Smith

7

The Episcopate and Reconquest in the Times of Alfonso vii of Castile
and León

207

Carlos de Ayala Martínez

8

The Aragonese Episcopate and the Military Campaigns of Alfonso i
the Battler against Iberian Muslims

233

Pablo Dorronzoro Ramírez

vi

contents

9

Italian Bishops and Warfare during the Investiture Contest: The Case
of Parma

274

Robert Houghton

10

Lions and Lambs, Wolves and Pastors of the Flock: Portraying Military
Activity of Bishops in Twelfth-Century Poland

303

Radosław Kotecki

11

A Bishop Defends His City, or Master Vincentius’s Troubles with the
Military Activity of His Superior

341

Jacek Maciejewski

12

In the Service of Bellona: Images of “Militant Abbots” in Late Twelfth-
and Early Thirteenth-Century Historiography of St. Gall
(continuationes ii and iii of Casuum Sancti Galli)

369

Monika Michalska

13

Bishops and Abbots at War: Some Aspects of Clerical Involvement in
Warfare in Twelfth- and Early Thirteenth-Century Livonia and
Estonia

404

Carsten Selch Jensen

14

Tending the Flock: Clergy and a Discourse of War in the Wider
Hinterland of the Eastern Adriatic during the Late Twelfth and
Thirteenth Centuries

435

Ivan Majnarić

15

“Freedom is the greatest thing”: Bishops as Fighters for Freedom in
Fifteenth-Century Sweden

470

Anna Waśko

16

The Evolution of Latin Canon Law on the Clergy and Armsbearing to
the Thirteenth Century

497

Lawrence G. Duggan

Select Bibliography

517

Index

531