The - definite article A - indefinite article An - indefinite article
Zero article Present Simple Past Simple
Future Simple Present Perfect Past Perfect
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automobile as opposed to the use of public transit.
and tell the truth.
The United States has encouraged the use of the private
animal.
A newspaper has an obligation to seek out
An airedale is sometimes a rather skittish
beginning with "of".
newspapers, nouns followed by a prepositional phrase
places, pluralized names (geographic, family, teams),
to something in written text.
that begin with vowels or vowel-like sounds.
use  the with certain kinds of proper nouns: geographical
begin with consonants, when we first refer
in the abstract, something named earlier in the text. We also
We use 'an' before singular count-nouns
refers to represents something that is one of a kind, something
We use 'a' before singular count-nouns that
'The' is used with specific nouns, required when the noun it
Breakfast was delicious.
The Super Bowl starts at 6:15 p.m.
last Christmas. We visited Mom last week.
I worked with the FBI for two months. We went to Chicago
diseases, with time of day.
that the events are schedules.
adverbs referring to a period gone by.
seasons, with institutions, with meals, with
with  for , when the action is finished. We use it with
actions that are factual or habitual or
subjects. Sometimes, we omit article with
period has finished, when the time period is definite and
action is present, is used to describe
relative to the speaker or writer. It is used when the time
language, names of sport, and academic
The Past Simple indicates that an action is in the past
The Present Simple indicates that an
We do not use articles with the names of
I had walked two miles by lunchtime.
today.
ago]. I have studied up to now/lately/already.
She will leave soon. He is going to faint. I am leaving later
have run the Boston Marathon [but that was some time
I have walked two miles already [but I'm still walking]. I
before something else happened.
tense.
English can even use the present to suggest the future
with adverbs beginning in the past and going up to present.
"perfected") at some point in the past
with the use of a form of "go" plus the infinitive of the verb.
past or that the action extends to the present. We use it
action was completed (finished or
relative to the speaker or writer. The future is also formed
completed (finished or "perfected") at some point in the
The Future Simple indicates that an action is in the future
The Present Perfect indicates either that an action was
The Past Perfect indicates that an
 Future Perfect Present Continuous Past Continuous
Present Perfect Past Perfect
Future Continuous
Continuous Continuous
Future Perfect
First conditional Second conditional
Continuous
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smashed through the door.
year. The team is arriving in two hours.
next year.
while he was running. I was sleeping on the couch when Bertie
I am buying all my family's Christmas gifts early this
I was riding my bike all day yesterday. Carlos lost his watch
I will have spent all my money by this time
of movement from one place or condition to another.
incomplete action.
while something else was happening and can express
especially with verbs that convey the idea of a plan or
"perfected") at some point in the future.
way to indicate that something took place (in the simple past)
suggest that an action is going to happen in the future,
will have been completed (finished or
indicates a limited duration of time and is thus a convenient
something going on now. The present progressive can
that was happening, going on, at some point in the past. It also
The Future Perfect indicates that an action
The Present Continuous indicates continuing action,
The Past Continuous indicates continuing action, something
just been raining.
morning.
Marathon.
She has been running and her heart is still beating fast. It has
I had been working in the garden all
I will be running in next year's Boston
usage.
event of the recent past; it is often accompanied by  just in this
present perfect progressive frequently is used to describe an
going on, at some point in the future.
at some point in the past.
usually of limited duration and has some current relevance. The
action, something that will be happening,
a continuous action that was completed
initiated in the past and continues to happen. The action is
that has been finished at some point in the past or that was
The Future Continuous indicates continuing
The Past Perfect Continuous indicates
The Present Perfect Continuous indicates a continuous action
working on this project for three years.
him.
If I were you, I would tell my father.
Next Thursday, I will have been
If he is late, we will have to go without
time.
future.
time.
refers either to present or to future
be completed at some point in the
refers either to present or to future
condition is possible. This condition
indicates a continuous action that will
condition is possible. This condition
Is used when what is said in the
The Future Perfect Continuous
Is used when what is said in the
 Third conditional
przetnij, zagnij
told your father about that party.
If you had warned me, I would not have
situation that was not so in the past.
talking about past, or rather about a
Is used in unreal situations, when we are