A NEW NATION
287
E d g a r A l l a n P o e
Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weary,
Over many a quaint and curious volume of forgotten lore—
While I nodded, nearly napping, suddenly there came a tapping,
As of someone gently rapping, rapping at my chamber° door.
5
“’Tis some visitor,” I muttered, “tapping at my chamber door—
Only this and nothing more.”
Ah, distinctly I remember it was in the bleak December;
And each separate dying ember wrought its ghost upon the floor.
Eagerly I wished the morrow;—vainly I had sought to borrow
10
From my books surcease° of sorrow—sorrow for the lost Lenore—
For the rare and radiant maiden whom the angels name Lenore—
Nameless here for evermore.
And the silken, sad, uncertain rustling of each purple curtain
Thrilled me—filled me with fantastic terrors never felt before;
15
So that now, to still the beating of my heart, I stood repeating
“’Tis some visitor entreating entrance at my chamber door—
Some late visitor entreating entrance at my chamber door;—
This it is and nothing more.”
4 A chamber is a room, especially a bedroom.
10 Surcease means “an end.”
Presently my soul grew stronger; hesitating then no longer,
20
“Sir,” said I, “or Madam, truly your forgiveness I implore;
But the fact is I was napping, and so gently you came rapping,
And so faintly you came tapping, tapping at my chamber door,
That I scarce was sure I heard you”—here I opened wide the door;—
Darkness there and nothing more.
25
Deep into that darkness peering, long I stood there wondering, fearing,
Doubting, dreaming dreams no mortal ever dared to dream before;
But the silence was unbroken, and the stillness gave no token,
And the only word there spoken was the whispered word, “Lenore!”
This I whispered, and an echo murmured back the word, “Lenore!”
30
Merely this and nothing more.
Back into the chamber turning, all my soul within me burning,
Soon again I heard a tapping somewhat louder than before.
“Surely,” said I, “surely that is something at my window lattice;°
Let me see, then, what thereat is, and this mystery explore—
35
Let my heart be still a moment and this mystery explore;—
’Tis the wind and nothing more!”
Open here I flung the shutter, when, with many a flirt and flutter
In there stepped a stately Raven of the saintly days of yore.°
Not the least obeisance° made he; not a minute stopped or stayed he;
40
But, with mien of lord or lady, perched above my chamber door—
Perched upon a bust° of Pallas° just above my chamber door—
Perched, and sat, and nothing more.
Then this ebony bird beguiling° my sad fancy into smiling,
By the grave and stern decorum of the countenance° it wore,
45
“Though thy crest be shorn and shaven, thou,” I said, “art sure no craven,
Ghastly grim and ancient Raven wandering from the Nightly shore—
Tell me what thy lordly name is on the Night’s Plutonian° shore!”
Quoth the Raven “Nevermore.”
33 A lattice is a structure of crisscrossed strips, commonly wood or metal, that forms a pattern of openings.
38 Days of yore means “days of long ago.” Here Poe is referring to a Bible story
(1 Kings 17:1–7) in which ravens feed the Hebrew prophet Elijah during a sojourn in the wilderness.
39 Obeisance means “a movement or gesture, such as a bow, that expresses respect.”
41 A bust is a statue of someone’s head and shoulders. Pallas refers to Pallas Athena, the Greek goddess
of wisdom.
43 Beguiling means “influencing by deceit” or “tricking.”
44 Here, countenance means “facial expression.”
47 Plutonian refers to Pluto, the Roman god of the dead and ruler of the underworld.
288
UNIT 2
Much I marveled this ungainly fowl to hear discourse so plainly,
50
Though its answer little meaning—little relevancy bore;
For we cannot help agreeing that no living human being
Ever yet was blessed with seeing bird above his chamber door—
Bird or beast upon the sculptured bust above his chamber door,
With such name as “Nevermore.”
55
But the Raven, sitting lonely on the placid° bust, spoke only
That one word, as if his soul in that one word he did outpour.
Nothing farther then he uttered—not a feather then he fluttered—
Till I scarcely more than muttered “Other friends have flown before—
On the morrow he will leave me, as my Hopes have flown before.”
60
Then the bird said “Nevermore.”
Startled at the stillness broken by reply so aptly spoken,
“Doubtless,” said I, “what it utters is its only stock and store
Caught from some unhappy master whom unmerciful Disaster
Followed fast and followed faster till his songs one burden bore—
65
Till the dirges° of his Hope that melancholy burden bore
Of ‘Never—nevermore.’ ”
But the Raven still beguiling all my fancy into smiling,
Straight I wheeled a cushioned seat in front of bird, and bust and door;
Then, upon the velvet sinking, I betook myself to linking
70
Fancy unto fancy, thinking what this ominous bird of yore—
What this grim, ungainly, ghastly, gaunt, and ominous bird of yore
Meant in croaking “Nevermore.”
This I sat engaged in guessing, but no syllable expressing
To the fowl whose fiery eyes now burned into my bosom’s core;
75
This and more I sat divining,° with my head at ease reclining
On the cushion’s velvet lining that the lamplight gloated o’er,
But whose velvet violet lining with the lamplight gloating o’er,
She shall press, ah, nevermore!
E d g a r A l l a n P o e
55 Placid means “calm,” “peaceful,” or “undisturbed.”
65 Dirges are slow, mournful pieces of music, such as funeral hymns.
75 Divining means “knowing through insight or intuition” or “guessing.”
A NEW NATION
289
Then, methought, the air grew denser, perfumed from an unseen censer°
80
Swung by Seraphim° whose foot-falls tinkled on the tufted floor.
“Wretch,” I cried, “thy God hath lent thee—by these angels he hath sent thee
Respite°—respite and nepenthe° from thy memories of Lenore;
Quaff,° oh quaff this kind nepenthe and forget this lost Lenore!”
Quoth the Raven “Nevermore.”
85
“Prophet!” said I, “thing of evil!—prophet still, if bird or devil!—
Whether Tempter° sent, or whether tempest° tossed thee here ashore,
Desolate yet all undaunted, on this desert land enchanted—
On this home by Horror haunted—tell me truly, I implore—
Is there—is there balm° in Gilead?°—tell me—tell me, I implore!”
90
Quoth the Raven “Nevermore.”
“Prophet!” said I, “thing of evil!—prophet still, if bird or devil!
By that Heaven that bends above us—by that God we both adore—
Tell this soul with sorrow laden if, within the distant Aidenn,°
It shall clasp a sainted maiden whom the angels name Lenore—
95
Clasp a rare and radiant maiden whom the angels name Lenore.”
Quoth the Raven “Nevermore.”
“Be that word our sign of parting, bird or fiend!” I shrieked, upstarting—
“Get thee back into the tempest and the Night’s Plutonian shore!
Leave no black plume as a token of that lie thy soul hath spoken!
100
Leave my loneliness unbroken!—quit the bust above my door!
Take thy beak from out my heart, and take thy form from off my door!”
Quoth the Raven “Nevermore.”
And the Raven, never flitting, still is sitting, still is sitting
On the pallid° bust of Pallas just above my chamber door;
105
And his eyes have all the seeming of a demon’s that is dreaming,
And the lamp-light o’er him streaming throws his shadow on the floor;
And my soul from out that shadow that lies floating on the floor
Shall be lifted—nevermore!
79 A censer is a container in which incense is burned. During a religious service, it may be swung from
connecting chains.
80 Seraphim are angels of the highest rank.
82 A respite is a period of rest or relief, as from work or sorrow. The ancient Greeks believed the drug
nepenthe
(ni penth¯e) would ease pain and grief by causing forgetfulness.
83 Quaff means “to drink heartily and deeply.”
86 Tempter refers to the devil. A tempest is a violent storm.
89 Balm is something that heals or soothes, as an ointment. Gilead was a region in ancient Palestine. Here
Poe uses a phrase from the Bible (Jeremiah 8:22): “Is there no balm in Gilead?” By this he means, “Is
there no relief from my suffering?”
93 Aidenn means “Eden” or “Heaven.”
104 Pallid means “lacking in color” or “pale.”
290
UNIT 2
Document Outline
- The Reader's Choice: American Literature
- Book Overview
- Table of Contents
- Literary Maps
- Guide to Active Reading
- Active Reading Strategies: Fiction
- Active Reading Model: The Life You Save May Be Your Own
- Active Reading Strategies: Poetry
- Active Reading Model: The Fish
- Active Reading Strategies: Nonfiction
- Active Reading Model: Thoughts on the African-American Novel
- Unit One: From the Earliest Days
- Unit Introduction
- Theme 1: Beginnings and Change
- Literature Focus: Native American Mythology
- How the World Was Made
- The Sky Tree
- Interdisciplinary Connection: Ecology: Living in Harmony with Nature
- from The Iroquois Constitution
- Vocabulary Skills: Understanding Analogies
- Media Connection: Shipwreck Survivors Recall Ordeal in Shark-filled Waters
- from La Relación
- Reading & Thinking Skills: Recognizing Bias
- from Of Plymouth Plantation
- Technology Skills: Using a Video Camera
- Upon the Burning of Our House, July 10th, 1666
- To My Dear and Loving Husband
- Media Connection: In Your Eyes
- Writing Skills: Using Specific, Vivid Words
- from A Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson
- from Stay Alive, My Son
- Comparing Selections: from A Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson and from Stay Alive, My Son
- Listening, Speaking, and Viewing: Conducting an Interview
- from Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God
- Grammar Link: Avoiding Sentence Fragments
- Offer of Help
- Writing Workshop: Narrative Writing: Historical Narrative
- Unit Assessment
- Standardized Test Practice
- Unit Two: A New Nation
- Unit Introduction
- Theme 2: Breaking Free
- from The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin
- from Poor Richard's Almanack
- Dichos
- Comparing Selections: from Poor Richard's Almanack and Dichos
- Listening, Speaking, and Viewing: Analyzing Advertising Slogans
- Speech to the Second Virginia Convention
- Media Connection: Give Me Rhetoric!
- Literature Focus: Analyzing Essays
- from The Crisis, No. 1
- from The Histories
- Comparing Selections: from The Crisis, No. 1 and from The Histories
- Declaration of Independence
- Technology Skills: E-mail: Business Writing
- To His Excellency, General Washington
- Writing Skills: Effective Conclusions
- Letter to Her Daughter from the New and Unfinished White House
- Media Connection: Amistad America
- from The Life of Olaudah Equiano
- Writing Workshop: Personal Writing: Reflective Essay
- Theme 3: Gaining Insight
- The Devil and Tom Walker
- Media Connection: Bart Sells His Soul
- Vocabulary Skills: Using Roots to Understand New Words
- To a Waterfowl
- Thanatopsis
- Old Ironsides
- The Chambered Nautilus
- Interdisciplinary Connection: Mathematics: Math Under the Sea?
- The First Snow-Fall
- Grammar Link: Making Pronouns and Their Antecedents Agree
- The Tide Rises, the Tide Falls
- Concord Hymn
- from Nature
- from Self-Reliance
- from Walden
- from Civil Disobedience
- The Minister's Black Veil
- The Three-Piece Suit
- Comparing Selections: The Minister's Black Veil and The Three-Piece Suit
- Reading & Thinking Skills: Scanning
- To Helen
- The Raven
- The Pit and the Pendulum
- Media Connection: Dead Singer Buckley's Voice Haunts Poe Disc
- Writing Workshop: Descriptive Writing: Travel Article
- Unit Assessment
- Standardized Test Practice
- Unit Three: The Civil War and Its Aftermath
- Unit Introduction
- Theme 4: The Union Is Tested
- from My Bondage and My Freedom
- Swing Low, Sweet Chariot
- Go Down, Moses
- Follow the Drinking Gourd
- Interdisciplinary Connection: Music: From Spirituals to Rock and Roll
- Media Connection: Mars Robot 'Sojourner' Named by Black Girl to Honor Abolitionist Sojourner Truth
- And Ain't I a Woman?
- Listening, Speaking, and Viewing: Making a Persuasive Speech
- from His Promised Land
- Technology Skills: Internet: Writing Resources on the Web
- from Mary Chesnut's Civil War
- Letters to His Family
- Grammar Link: Making Subjects and Verbs Agree
- An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge
- Media Connection: "An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge" (2/28/64)
- Reading & Thinking Skills: Sequencing: Order of Events
- Shiloh
- The Gettysburg Address
- The Gift in Wartime
- Comparing Selections: The Gettysburg Address and The Gift in Wartime
- Writing Workshop: Persuasive Writing: Essay
- Theme 5: Two New American Voices
- Literature Focus: Poetry
- Media Connection: Stolen Whitman Papers Surface After 50 Years
- I Hear America Singing
- When I Heard the Learn'd Astronomer
- A Sight in Camp in the Daybreak Gray and Dim
- Beat! Beat! Drums!
- from Song of Myself
- The Useless
- The Butterfly Dream
- Comparing Selections: from Song of Myself and The Useless and The Butterfly Dream
- Vocabulary Skills: Understanding Prefixes and Suffixes
- If you were coming in the Fall
- My life closed twice before its close
- The Soul selects her own Society
- Much Madness is divinest Sense
- Success is counted sweetest
- I heard a Fly buzz when I died
- The Bustle in a House
- Because I could not stop for Death
- Writing Skills: Elaborating on an Idea
- There's a certain Slant of light
- This is my letter to the World
- Media Connection: Dickinson Parodies
- Writing Workshop: Expository Writing: Analyzing a Poem
- Unit Assessment
- Standardized Test Practice
- Unit Four: Regionalism and Realism
- Unit Introduction
- Theme 6: The Energy of the Everyday
- The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County
- Media Connection: Frogs
- Literature Focus: Short Story
- The Outcasts of Poker Flat
- Chief Sekoto Holds Court
- Comparing Selections: The Outcasts of Poker Flat and Chief Sekoto Holds Court
- Listening, Speaking, and Viewing: Storytelling
- Media Connection: Feeling Chilly? Check Out These Hypothermia Tips
- To Build a Fire
- Vocabulary Skills: Using Context Clues
- I Will Fight No More Forever
- Technology Skills: Multimedia: American Literature Through American History
- Let Us Examine the Facts
- Writing Skills: Using Transitions Effectively
- The Story of an Hour
- Interdisciplinary Connection: Psychology: Mysteries of the Mind
- A Wagner Matinée
- Douglass
- We Wear the Mask
- Lucinda Matlock
- Fiddler Jones
- Grammar Link: Avoiding Faulty Shifts in Verb Tense
- Richard Cory
- Miniver Cheevy
- Reading & Thinking Skills: Making Inferences
- The Open Boat
- Writing Workshop: Business Writing: Problem-Solution Proposal
- Unit Assessment
- Standardized Test Practice
- Unit Five: Beginnings of the Modern Age
- Unit Introduction
- Theme 7: New Directions
- Literature Focus: Imagist Poetry
- In a Station of the Metro
- A Pact
- The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock
- Reading & Thinking Skills: Identifying the Author's Purpose
- The Red Wheelbarrow
- This Is Just to Say
- Anecdote of the Jar
- Media Connection: "Let's Call the Whole Thing Off"
- The Jilting of Granny Weatherall
- Richness
- Comparing Selections: The Jilting of Granny Weatherall and Richness
- Ars Poetica
- Dirge Without Music
- Recuerdo
- anyone lived in a pretty how town
- Media Connection: from The Oxford Book of American Literary Anecdotes
- Poetry
- The Bridal Party
- Vocabulary Skills: Using a Semantic Features Chart
- Chicago
- from Songs of Gold Mountain
- In Another Country
- Grammar Link: Using Commas in a Series
- Technology Skills: Spreadsheet: Determining Productivity
- Soldiers of the Republic
- Penelope
- Mending Wall
- Birches
- Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening
- The Death of the Hired Man
- Listening, Speaking, and Viewing: Oral Presentation of a Poem
- Writing Workshop: Persuasive Writing: Editorial
- Theme 8: The Harlem Renaissance
- My City
- Media Connection: A Place to Be Free
- from Dust Tracks on a Road
- Writing Skills: Creating Unified Paragraphs
- If We Must Die
- The Tropics in New York
- Media Connection: Artist Jacob Lawrence
- I, Too
- The Negro Speaks of Rivers
- from Songs for Signare
- Comparing Selections: I, Too and The Negro Speaks of Rivers and from Songs for Signare
- Sonnet to a Negro in Harlem
- Interdisciplinary Connection: Art: Visions from Harlem
- Storm Ending
- November Cotton Flower
- A black man talks of reaping
- Any Human to Another
- Writing Workshop: Creative Writing: Poem
- Unit Assessment
- Standardized Test Practice
- Unit Six: Midcentury Voices
- Unit Introduction
- Theme 9: Personal Discoveries
- The Second Tree from the Corner
- Media Connection: The Mystery of Happiness
- Ode to My Socks
- Comparing Selections: The Second Tree from the Corner and Ode to My Socks
- Breakfast
- A Rose for Emily
- Address upon Receiving the Nobel Prize for Literature
- Vocabulary Skills: Defining Compound Words
- Father's Bedroom
- Writing Skills: Organizing Details
- from Black Boy
- Media Connection: 100-Mile Run to Agony and Ecstasy
- A Worn Path
- The Explorer
- February
- Grammar Link: Avoiding Run-on Sentences
- The Portrait
- Interdisciplinary Connection: Communications: Buyer Beware
- The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner
- Reading & Thinking Skills: Summarizing
- The Beautiful Changes
- The Rockpile
- The Magic Barrel
- from Stride Toward Freedom
- Choice: A Tribute to Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.
- Writing Workshop: Narrative Writing: College Application
- Theme 10: Acting on an Idea
- Literature Focus: Drama
- Media Connection: Blacklisted Woman Vindicated by Federal Court Ruling
- The Crucible
- Nineteen Thirty-Seven
- Comparing Selections: The Crucible and Nineteen Thirty-Seven
- Listening, Speaking, and Viewing: Critical Viewing of a Drama
- Writing Workshop: Narrative Writing: Dramatic Scene
- Unit Assessment
- Standardized Test Practice
- Unit Seven: Into the Twenty-First Century
- Unit Introduction
- Theme 11: Generations
- Snow
- from The Woman Warrior
- Vocabulary Skills: Using a Thesaurus
- Media Connection: Calvin and Hobbes
- Son
- from The Way to Rainy Mountain
- Ambush
- Rain Music
- Reading & Thinking Skills: Identifying Cause and Effect
- Kitchens
- Bread
- Comparing Selections: Kitchens and Bread
- Picture Bride
- Media Connection: Love and Money
- Prime Time
- Se me enchina el cuerpo al oír tu cuento
- from Kubota
- Speaking
- apprenticeship 1978
- Writing Workshop: Persuasive Writing: Speech
- Theme 12: Variety Is Richness
- Prayer to the Pacific
- Interdisciplinary Connection: Geography: The Magnificent Pacific
- Riding the Elevator into the Sky
- Media Connection: Need a Lift?
- Game
- Waiting for the Barbarians
- Comparing Selections: Game and Waiting for the Barbarians
- Mirror
- Traveling Through the Dark
- Frederick Douglass
- Writing Skills: Using Quotations
- #2 Memory
- Poem
- Weaver
- For Georgia O'Keeffe
- Most Satisfied by Snow
- Geometry
- The Welder
- The House
- La Casa
- Listening, Speaking, and Viewing: Discussing Literature
- Salvador Late or Early
- Embroidering: A Response to "Somnad" by Carl Larsson
- El Olvido (Según las Madres)
- The Names of Women
- Media Connection: The Name Reign
- Naming Myself
- Poniendome un Nombre
- Grammar Link: Avoiding Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers
- Technology Skills: Word Processing: Publishing a Newsletter
- A Poet's Job
- Emily Dickinson
- Writing Workshop: Expository Writing: Research Report
- Unit Assessment
- Standardized Test Practice
- Reference Section
- Literary Terms Handbook
- Language Handbook
- Troubleshooter
- Troublesome Words
- Grammar Glossary
- Mechanics
- Spelling
- Writing Handbook
- The Writing Process
- Writing Modes
- Research Paper Writing
- Business and Technical Writing
- Communications Skills Handbook
- Using Electronic Resources
- Study and Test-Taking Skills
- Reading Handbook
- Vocabulary Development
- Comprehension Strategies
- Literary Response
- Analysis and Evaluation
- Writing Workshop Models
- Narrative Writing: Historical Narrative
- Personal Writing: Reflective Essay
- Descriptive Writing: Travel Article
- Persuasive Writing: Essay
- Expository Writing: Analyzing a Poem
- Business Writing: Problem-Solution Proposal
- Persuasive Writing: Editorial
- Creative Writing: Poem
- Narrative Writing: College Application
- Narrative Writing: Dramatic Scene
- Persuasive Writing: Speech
- Expository Writing: Research Report
- Glossary
- Spanish Glossary
- Index of Skills
- Index of Authors and Titles
- Index of Art and Artists
- Acknowledgments
- Help
- Internet Link
- Previous Document
- Search - Document
- Search - Full
- Page Navigator
- Exit
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