Czasowniki modalne
Wszystkie czasowniki modalne Å‚Ä…czÄ… siÄ™ z bezokolicznikiem bez to. WyjÄ…tkiem jest czasownik
ought to, gdzie to stanowi część czasownika.
Pytania z czasownikiem modalnym tworzymy poprzez inwersje, przenosimy czasownik modalny
przed podmiot.
Can  słu\
y do wyra\
ania:
- Umiejętności, I can drive a car.
- Przypuszczenia, He can already be at home.
- Prośby, Can you help me?
- Przyzwolenia, Sure I can do it.
Could  słu\
y do wyrazania:
- Umiejętności, Ithink I could repair it.
- Mo\
liwości, They could know the answer.
- Prośby, Could you help me?
- Mo\
liwości w czasie przeszłym, jeśli nie zostały wykorzystane, I could buy that shirt on
sale yesterday.
May - słu\
y do wyrazania:
- Przypuszczenia i prawdopodobieństwa w teraz
niejszości i przyszłości, I may pass the test
next time.
- Przyzwolenia, You may buy a chocolate.
- Pytania o przyzwolenie, May I open the window?
Might - słu\
y do wyrazania:
- Przypuszczenia i prawdopodobieństwa w teraz
niejszości i przyszłości, Thye might know
what to do.
- Przyzwolenia, You might borrow my money.
- Bardzo grzecznej prośby, Might I ask what your name is sir?
1
Must - słu\
y do wyrazania:
- Konieczności, I must buy a new jeans.
Musn t- słu\
y do wyrazania:
- Zakazu, You musn t smoke here.
Have to - słu\
y do wyrazania:
- Polecenia, I have to clean my room because my mum tells me to.
Needn t- słu\
y do wyrazania:
- Braku konieczności, You needn t work so hard.
Will- słu\
y do wyrazania:
- Postanowienia,
- Obietnicy
- Prośby, Will you hold this for me?
Shall- słu\
y do wyrazania:
- Ofert, sugestii, propozycji
- Mo\
e być stosowny zamiennie z will w pierwszej osobie.
Would - słu\
y do wyrazania:
- Przypuszczenia w teraz
niejszości lub przyszłości, She would never tell me a lie.
- Prośby, would you pick up kids today?
Should/ought to - słu\
y do wyrazania:
- Krytyki, You should be more careful.
- ObowiÄ…zku, You should always pay your bills.
- Prawdopobobieństwa, She should be here any minute.
2
Ćwiczenia:
I. Przekształć zdania u\
ywając pogrubionych wyrazów.
1. Please, help me with these boxes! could
2. I m sure he is her husband. must
3. Why don t we go to the cinema? shall
4. It wasn t necessary for you to do the shopping. need
5. There is a chance that she will come later. might
6. Don t use my toothbrush. must
7. I don t believe she know Hugh Grant! can
8. Why didn t you tell me that she will be here? could
9. I wish I have checked the tickets. ought
10. It s a good idea to lock the door at night. should
11. Perhaps John will change his mind. may
12. Let s go to the disco. shall
II. Uzupełnij zdania odpowiednia formą lub frazą u\
ywajÄ…c czasownika z nawiasu.
1. Call her later. She& & & & & & & & & & ..(be) at work.
2. You& & & & & & & & (not/smoke) cigarettes in public places.
3. Julia& & & & & & & & & .(write) to her parents more often.
4. & & & & & & & & & & & .(we/go) to the gym, please?
5. You& & & & & & . (start) learning French if you re going to stay in Paris.
6. He & & & & & & & & & (learn) all night. He looks exhausted.
7. & & & & & & & .(make) you tea?
8. I m sorry to bother you but & & & & & & & & (you/help) me carry this bag?
9. Some boys are playing football in the flower beds. They& & & & & & & & (play) there.
10. The grass is still short. You& & & & & & & (cut)it.
III. Wybierz poprawna odpowiedz
.
1. He really& & & & & anything. They kept him at gun point all the time.
a) mustn t do
3
b)needn t have to do
c) can t have done
d)couldn t do
2. I understand you. It& & & & & & .. embarrassing to ask them for money.
a) must
b) had to be
c) must have been
d) should have been
3. The view took my breath away. Luckily, I took my camera and I & & & .some wonderful
photos.
a) can take
b) mustn t have taken
c)could have taken
d)was able to take
4. You really& & & & & & & the washing up. I ve got a dishwasher nearly full.
a) didn t need to do
b)couldn t have done
c)mustn t b do
d) needn t have done
5. If it hadn t been for your help, I & & & & & .. the house in time.
a) wouldn t decorated
b) couldn t decorated
c)couldn t have decorated
d)may not have decorated
6. She is always so kind! She& & & & & ..to insult you.
a)wasn t able to mean
b)can t have meant
c) might have meant
d)mustn t have meant
7. When I was young, I & & & & & very well.
a)can have swim
b) was able to swim
4
c) could swim
d)could have swim
8. I m not sure why he hasn t come yet. I think he& & . the train.
a)can have missed
b)might miss
c) might have missed
d) must missed
Słówka:
Faculty - zmysł, zdolność
Hilarious  prześmieszny
Diver  nurek
Chug  sapać
Trap  pułpka
Odpowiedzi:
I.
1. Could you help me with these boxes?
2. He must be her husband
3. Shall we go to the cinema?
4.You needn t have to do the shopping
5. She might come later.
6. You mustn t use my toothbrush.
7. She can t know Hugh Grant.
8. You could have told me that she will be here.
9. I ought to have checked the tickets.
10. You should lock the door at night.
11. John may change his mind.
12 Shall we go to the disco?
5
II.
1. must
2. mustn t smoke
3. should write
4. Can we go
5. should start
6. must have learned
7. Shall I make
8. could you help
9. mustn t play
10. needn t cut
III.
1. d
2. c
3. d
4. d
5. c
6. b
7. c
8. c
Wszelkie prawa zastrze\
one © TwojAngielski.pl http://www.twojangielski.pl/rozszerzony.html
6