Text-Terminal-HOWTO: Why Use a Terminal ?
4. Why Use a Terminal ?
4.1 IntroductionPC's are so powerful today that one such computer can often
support several persons using it at once, especially if they are doing
low-load tasks such as text editing, data entry, etc. One way to do
this is to connect a number of terminals to a single computer (host
computer) by modems or direct cable connection. To do this, one needs
a multi-user operating system such as Linux. This has been called
"time sharing" but it's not good terminology today since "distributed"
computing over a network is also a type of time sharing. It might be
better described as "centralized" computing. But the central computer
may be connected to the rest of the world via a network so that
terminal users may send email, browse the Internet with the "lynx"
browser, etc. So it's not exactly "centralized" either.Terminals have seldom been used with PC's because the popular
operating systems used for them (Windows, DOS, and Mac) were not
multiuser until 1998 (available for MS Windows NT) and previously
could not support terminals. Now that Linux, a multiuser operating
system, is freely available for PC's, the use of terminals with PC's
becomes more feasible. The drawback is that text terminals are not
smart enough to support the type of graphical user interface (GUI)
that many computer users today normally expect.4.2 Lower Hardware CostsIf several people use the same computer as the same time, there is
a reduction in the amount of hardware needed for the same level of
service. One type of savings is due to code sharing. The application
files on hard disks are shared as well as shared libraries in memory
(even when people are running different programs provided they use
some of the same functions in their code). Another type of savings is
due to reduction of peak load. The hardware of a single PC may be
idle most of the time as people slowly type in information, think,
talk, or are away from their desks. Having several people on the same
computer at once makes good use of much of this idle time which would
otherwise be wasted.These savings are substantial. One may roughly estimate (using
statistical theory) that for 9 persons (8 terminals & 1 console) the
shared PC only needs only about 3 times as much capacity (in memory,
disk storage, CPU(s), etc.) as a single PC in order to provide the
same level of service per person. Thus the computational hardware for
such a shared system should only cost about 1/3 as much per user.
However, the cost of the display hardware (CRT's, keyboards, video
electronics, etc.) is about the same for both cases. The terminals
have the added cost of requiring additional serial ports at the host
computer.For a fair comparison with PC's, the terminals should have the same
capabilities as the PC monitors. Unfortunately, color graphic
terminals for Linux (X-windows) with high speed communication is a
niche market with high prices so in this case there may not be much
(if any) savings in hardware costs. But for text terminals the
savings will be substantial.4.3 Control of SoftwareFor centralized computing, software (and the updates to software)
only need be installed on one host computer instead of several.
The person in charge of this computer may control the software which
is installed on it. This is advantageous if the person controlling
the host computer does an excellent job and knows about the needs and
preferences of the other users. Users can be prevented from playing
games or surfing the Internet by not installing the software (or by
otherwise restricting access to it). Whether or not centralized
control is desirable depends on the situation.4.4 Hardware UpgradesWith terminals, the computer hardware upgrades take place on only
one computer instead of many. This saves installation labor effort.
While the cost of the hardware for the host computer upgrade will be
more than that for a single PC (since the host needs more computing
power than a PC), the cost will be significantly less than upgrading
a number of PC's being used instead of terminals.4.5 Other Advantages of TerminalsThe elimination of noise from fans and disk drives provided the
terminals are not close to the computer.The users of the terminals can share data and files
and send e-mail to each other. It's similar to a local network.4.6 Major Disadvantages of TerminalsText terminals have no high-speed graphic display (or high
resolution graphics) although they can often use graphic character
sets to draw boxes, etc. This lack limits the software that may be
used on it.If the host computer goes down, then no one can use the
terminals either (unless there is another computer to connect to).4.7 Are Text Terminals Obsolete ?Text terminals are technologically obsolete because for a slightly
higher cost of hardware, one could build a smart terminal (with the
same quality of display). This wasn't always the the case since
around 1980 memory cost thousands of dollars per megabyte. Today with
low costs for memory and processors, one could make a text terminal
smart for only about a 10% or 20% increase in hardware cost.The reasons that text terminals are not yet obsolete are:There is no satisfactory standard interface for smart graphics
terminals. The MS Hydra system is for MS Windows NT, while X-Windows
is not as efficient as it should be (and X-Windows terminals are too
costly).Many people don't need full screen graphics.Used text terminals are often very low in cost, yet can give access to a much newer (and powerful) computer.
;
Wyszukiwarka
Podobne podstrony:
text terminal howto 2 eco2mtullt7zlyeiszxynu2yrkoyuriolwpudhi eco2mtullt7zlyeiszxynu2yrkoyuriolwpudhtext terminal howto 1 s76m2vv53hpf7iuhhhmqyqtjzxinakzs3uz5aey s76m2vv53hpf7iuhhhmqyqtjzxinakzs3uz5aetext terminal howto 19 oh6tpsuaxvxr4hf37ciuydnfpa5d6wfzvbt6uki oh6tpsuaxvxr4hf37ciuydnfpa5d6wfzvbt6utext terminal howto 8 6oap46zh2atkgwpj6lieirkd233gx7koq7xf2ga 6oap46zh2atkgwpj6lieirkd233gx7koq7xf2gtext terminal howto 3 auzt7kasgagee6644i6bimjecd2ia4tciuo45gy auzt7kasgagee6644i6bimjecd2ia4tciuo45gtext terminal howto kpze5eddlh3abi7dfltb7z3zwyd5zfxcg5hb7ba kpze5eddlh3abi7dfltb7z3zwyd5zfxcg5hb7batext terminal howto 6 rvpisrvtite6sq3tvpnyi6sed4tgmxxk4bb7u2q rvpisrvtite6sq3tvpnyi6sed4tgmxxk4bb7u2text terminal howto 10 6xnqiwoqqg63dbxziffmdaxaql7crul6m6jfgaq 6xnqiwoqqg63dbxziffmdaxaql7crul6m6jfgtext terminal howto 15 dvswdfv63wzarnnqikomdtizprofgvdxi47mlja dvswdfv63wzarnnqikomdtizprofgvdxi47mltext terminal howto 20 opfgcqrq54z7jifn7jscwd7frxsxzhcyohognaq opfgcqrq54z7jifn7jscwd7frxsxzhcyohogntext terminal howto 7 d3zeov4eq2brkq3rwyrf3gmfrujvxtharzotlcq d3zeov4eq2brkq3rwyrf3gmfrujvxtharzotlctext terminal howto 22 ubalhv6pmumdby22mufhx3ivbqploo4mucmyina ubalhv6pmumdby22mufhx3ivbqploo4mucmyitext terminal howto 5 z4nav75xpqiwzwonw4msjdpqapgpjb36mwdb5xa z4nav75xpqiwzwonw4msjdpqapgpjb36mwdb5xtext terminal howto 12 mnwbjvagxa5xkhk42ctoc5geqwdjewwanqsav4y mnwbjvagxa5xkhk42ctoc5geqwdjewwanqsavtext terminal howto 9 kindkpoux7ukzlglfzssjv3kq3kzkgsrqe7aeei kindkpoux7ukzlglfzssjv3kq3kzkgsrqe7aeebootdisk howto pl 8java text FieldPositionPPP HOWTO pl 6 (2)więcej podobnych podstron