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vines in garden > care and culture of Clematis > varieties




Clematis 'Niobe'

Clematis





Clematis vines are climbing shrubs or herbaceous perennial plants with beautiful flowers
in a rich variety of hues. Besides attractive flowers, many varieties can
also boast quite a remarkable seedheads. They offer endless possibilities for
enhancing the landscape, but in order to achieve the best results, it's vital
to learn about their requirements. Close attention should also be given to
selecting the right cultivars as well as to careful preparation of the site.
The effort will certainly pay off, as the plants may grow abounding with
flowers for many years to come, rewarding us with their growing fullness and
lushness.

Varieties


There are
known over three thousand of large-flowered Clematis varieties, among
which a few dozen are



Clematis 'Fryderyk Chopin'


of Polish origin. More than a dozen of them have gained
worldwide appraisal and recognition and are cultivated in millions of gardens
all over the world in many countries in Europe, both Americas, Asia, Australia
and Oceania, e.g.:

Clematis 'Niobe' (W. Noll),
Clematis 'Generał Sikorski' (W. Noll),
Clematis 'Polish Spirit' (S. Franczak),
Clematis 'Jan Paweł II' (S. Franczak),
Clematis 'Błękitny Anioł' (S. Franczak),
Clematis 'Kardynał Wyszyński' (S. Franczak),
Clematis 'Warszawska Nike' (S. Franczak),
Clematis 'Kacper' (S. Franczak),
Clematis 'Westerplatte' (S. Franczak),
Clematis 'Emilia Plater' (S. Franczak),
Clematis 'Monte Cassino' (S. Franczak) and
Clematis 'Matka Urszula Ledóchowska' (S.Franczak).

Among new
beautiful Polish cultivars, raised by S.Franczak, receiving international
approval and awards are: Clematis 'Anna Karolina' - long-flowering,
with white flowers and purple anthers, Clematis
'Bałtyk' with purple-lilac flowers; Clematis
'Dominika' with pale blue flowers; Clematis
'Dorota' with violet-blue flowers; Clematis
'Fryderyk Chopin' - gray-blue flowers with curvy edged tepals; Clematis
'Matka Siedliska' - large white flowers - double on previous
year's wood in May-June, single, slightly pinkish on new growth in July-August;
Clematis 'Solina' - long and profusely flowering with lilac-rose flowers; Clematis
'Sympatia' - large, rosy-mauve, wavy edged flowers and Clematis
'Syrena' with pruple-red flowers. The latest Polish Clematis vines, registered
in 2001 (Sz. Marczyński) are: Clematis
'Barbara' with intense pink flowers; Clematis
'Hania'- velvety purple-red tepals with a pale pink margin; Clematis
'Julka' - velvety violet flowers with a deep-purple-red central
bar. They were awarded gold, bronze and silver medals respectively at the
Plantarium 2002 Trade Show in Boskoop in Holland and are now for sale in many
countries.

Encycloapedia of plants comprises short characteristics of over one hundred of
the most valuable and popular large-flowered, herbaceous and perennial
clematis. It's worthwhile to remember that the majority of double
flowered cultivars produce double flowers only during the early blooming in
May-June, on previous year's wood, whereas flowers borne on new shoots are
single, and may have a slightly different color. The prominent exceptions
include Clematis 'Kiri Te Kanawa',
Clematis 'Blue Light',
Clematis 'Multi Blue' and
Clematis 'Purpurea Plena Elegans' from the Viticella Group, that bear double flowers on
both old and new growth.


Herbaceous clematis form an interesting, though not widely spread, group
of climbers. Though of smaller flower stature, in full bloom masses of flowers
give a spectacular display. Most of the varieties (e.g. Clematis
alpina, Clematis macropetala, the Atragene Group and Clematis
montana) start blossoming in late April - early May, that is 2 to 4
weeks earlier than the earliest flowering large-flowered hybrids. Many have
lower growth and culture requirements, for instance cultivars from the Atragene Group, the Tangutica Group and the Vitalba Group have hardy
stems, while clematis from the Tangutica Group will tolerate poorer soil and
much drier conditions than any other varieties from the genus.


The Atragene
Group assembles cultivars created by selective breeding and crosses between
the mountain clematis species flowering in early spring i.e.:




 see also:


 • Clematis alpina


Clematis
alpina, Clematis chiisanensis, Clematis faurieri, Clematis koreana, Clematis
macropetala, Clematis ochotensis, Clematis sibirica and Clematis
turcestanica. They grow up to 2-3,5 m. Charming, though small flowers are
borne on old wood during April-June, and occasionally in summer, on new growth,
during July-August. In summer and autumn plants carry most decorative silky
seedheads. No pruning is required, but if they grow out of the alloted space, you may cut it back any time after bloom is spent in the autumn. They thrive best in neutral or slightly alkaline moderately moist
and well drained soils, in semi-shade. Ideal for growing over low fences or
scrambling over rocks and old stumps, clambering through shrubs and trees. They
make good ground cover and are suitable for container growing.
Cultivars:
'Albina Plena',
'Ballet Skirt',
'Betina',
'Blue Bird',
'Brunette',
'Cecile',
chiisanensis 'Lemon Bells',
'Constance',
'Frances Rivis',
'Frankie',
'Jan Lindmark',
'Lagoon',
'Maidwell Hall',
'Markham's Pink',
ochotensis,
'Pamela Jackman',
'Pink Flamingo',
'Purple Spider',
'Rosy O'Grady',
'Ruby',
sibirica,
'White Swan',
'Willy'.
.



Clematis sibirica Atragene Group


Clematis crispa - Curly Clematis A climbing perennial species
native to the southeast parts of the USA. Very unusual bell-shaped nodding
flowers are borne on long stalks. Pale blue to violet-blue sepals have recurving
tips. Slightly fragrant flowers are followed by decorative shapely
seedheads that, with their pointed tips, bear a passing resemblance to a
hedgehog. Requires hard pruning. It looks particularly striking when
planted in a sunny spot and allowed to clamber through small deciduous or
coniferous shrubs. Suitable for container growing. Recommended especially
to garden connoisseurs.






Clematis flammula. A strong-growing climber, up
to 5 m high, forming a dense tangle of glabrous stems clothed with bright
green leaves. From July to October loose panicles of small (3 cm across),
pure white, star-shaped, sweetly scented flowers are abundantly scattered
over the whole plant, followed in autumn and winter by silky seedheads.
Best grown in sunny, warm and sheltered positions.

Clematis florida .A unique species with very
original flowers: white with a greenish stripe on the reverse of the
sepals and dark purple-black stamens. In autumn flowers turn green.
Blossoms are produced only on new wood from June to September. Since it's
not fully hardy, it's best grown in a warm sunny and wind sheltered
position e.g. on a wall facing south. It also requires good protection in
winter. Thrives best in moist well drained soil.
Best suited for cultivation in containers that are transferred
in winter to a cold room with the temperature between
0oC and 5oC.
The most
valuable cultivars are: Clematis florida var. flore-pleno with
double white flowers and Clematis florida var. sieboldiana with creamy-white flowers and a deep
red-purple central eye.

Clematis japonica - Japanese Clematis. A Japanese variety with most
unusual nodding flowers: shiny, bell-shaped, deep brown-red in color,
borne single or in panicles on long stalks. No pruning required. Thrives
in warm sunny positions, sheltered from cold winds. Best planted among other plants and allowed to meander through
small deciduous or coniferous shrubs. Recommended especially to garden
connoisseurs.

Clematis
montana var. rubens - Anemone clematis; Indian's virgin's
bower.
A popular free-flowering species of vigorous, often rampant growth, with
stems up to 8 m long. During May and June a mass of rosy-mauve flowers,
abundantly scattered over the whole plant, can last as long as a few
weeks. Unfortunately flower buds and sometimes stems tend to freeze during
severe winters. Another very attractive cultivar of this species is 'Freda'. Although less vigorous,
it's appreciated for its lovely cherry-rose flowers and purple-green leaves.


Clematis flammula

Clematis montana var. wilsonii is
a vigorous grower blooming in white from June till July. Aforementioned
varieties can be grown only in sheltered positions, in a milder microclimate.


Clematis rehderiana. A species native to west China.
Unusual, sweetly scented bell-shaped flowers of pale yellow with recurving
tips are borne in large bunches during September - October. Leaves are composed
of 5-9 leaflets with attractive prominent veining. Hard pruning
recommended. Thrives best in well drained soil in full sun. Particularly useful for growing over fences, nettings,
trellises, arbors, pergolas and other garden supports, or medium sized
trees and shrubs. Recommended especially to garden connoisseurs.

Clematis
tangutica - Golden Clematis. A delightful, easily grown
climber that grows up to 3-5 m. Nodding, yellow campanulate flowers,
composed of four tepals, are borne on long, downy stalks during summer
(June-August), the later ones intermingled with decorative silky
seedheads. At the end of September the plant retreats into winter dormancy
and the leaves wither.
Similar in looks, but more valuable are cultivars included in the Tangutica Group (they tend to
have bigger flowers, bloom more profusely and over a longer period while
the foliage can stay green even up to the end of October), created by
crosses between Clematis tangutica, Clematis orientalis and Clematis
intricata, Clematis ispahanica, Clematis ladakhiana, Clematis
serratifolia, Clematis tibetiana. They are healthy, hardy
plants with low requirements - they tolerate draught but will perform
badly in waterlogged soil. Excellent for growing up walls and wire
nettings and very effective at screening unattractive views. They are
suitable for all kinds of gardens as well as for growing in public places.




 see also:


 • Clematis 'Bill McKenzie'


The most valuable cultivars include: 'Anita' - masses of white flowers in
summer and autumn, it reaches up to 4,5 m; 'Aureolin'
- large elongated bright yellow flowers, grows up to 2-3 m, 'Bill
MacKenzie' - the most vigorous of the lot, with yellow, partially open
flowers from early summer until first frosts and green foliage from April to the beginning of
November; 'Grace' with
creamy-white flowers, up to 3,5 m; 'Helios'
- pale yellow open flowers, grows up to 3 m. 'Lambton
Park' is the most attractive and the longest-flowering cultivar
from the Tangutica Group - vigorous (up to 4-5 m), with the bulged,
slightly open deep yellow flowers. Reaching up to 5 m 'Last Dance' (syn.
'Orange Peel') has greenish-blue foliage and orange-yellow flowers
developing in autumn.


Clematis terniflora
- Sweet Autumn Clematis. A vigorous Japanese cultivar, often forming a dense
tangle of growth. Very popular in the United States. A late flowering
variety bearing during September-November a profusion of small,
star-shaped, sweetly scented white flowers. Requires a sunny, hot position
with a tall, strong support - it may not flower at all during cool summers
or when grown in a shaded position.




Clematis Texensis Group 'Etoile Rose'


The Texensis Group - obtained by crossbreeding Clematis texensis (Scarlet Clematis) with large-flowered
varieties. Cultivars from this group grow up to 3 m and bear unusual,
shaped like lily-flowered tulips on new growth from June to August. As
with all perennials, their previous year's shoots tend to die down
completely, so the plants should be hard-pruned close to the ground in
March. New stems will grow from the underground part. Best grown in a
sunny, warm and sheltered position. Vulnerable to attack from powdery
mildew.
Cultivars: 'Duchess of Albany',
'Etoile Rose',
'Gravetye Beauty',
'Odoriba',
'Princess Diana',
'Sir Trevor Lawrence'.

Clematis x
triternata 'Rubromarginata'. A vigorous, slender-stemmed climber,
up to 5 m. Fragrant flowers, up to 3-4 cm across, are pale violet-pink
with a white eye and reddish-violet margins. In full bloom, during
July-August, masses of blossoms give effect of dark billowing clouds.
Thrives best in a sunny, warm and sheltered position.

Clematis vitalba - Traveler's
Joy or Old
Man's Beard. A rampant, up to 10 m, familiar climber. Masses of small
(2 cm across) creamy-white flowers, borne in panicles, in July-September,
followed by glistening, silky seedheads that remain on the plant
throughout the winter. Native to Europe, a fully hardy plant, immune to
diseases. The Cultivars comprising the
Vitalba Group were obtained through crossbreeding Traveler's Joy with


other species. The most valuable of them is arguably Clematis 'Paul Farges' ('SUMMER SNOW') which is a hybrid of
Clematis vitalba and
Clematis potanini. It's a
charming, very vigorous (up to 7 m), almost rampant cultivar with
attractive dark green foliage persisting well into early November. In
summer and autumn small (4-5 cm across), star-shaped, slightly scented
creamy white flowers are abundantly scattered over the whole plant. A
healthy, very hardy clematis with low requirements, particularly useful
for covering tall fences or unsightly buildings. Grow in a sunny spot to
get the best of the scent.

Clematis
viticella - Italian Clematis. A slender climber
reaching up to 4 m, with dainty, small (4-5 cm across), deep violet
flowers. Hybrids of this species are sufficiently hardy with variously
colored blooms, up to 7 cm in diameter, borne from June to September.
Cultivars produced by crosses between Italian Clematis and other clematis
varieties form the Viticella
Group.
These cultivars are not only healthier and less demanding but they also
stay decorative over a longer period than large-flowered Clematis.
Therefore they are excellent plants for beginning gardeners, and for those
who lack time for garden work. Superb for growing up fences, wire
nettings, arbors and pergolas, or scrambling through trees and shrubs. In
the midst of bloom the sight of plants covered with billowing clouds of
flowers is truly charming.



 see also:


 • Clematis 'Emila Plater' • Clematis from the Viticella Group


The following are considered to be among the
most valuable cultivars in the group: 'Abundance',
'Alba Luxurians',
'Betty Corning',
'Brocade',
campaniflora,
'Carmencita',
'Emilia Plater',
'Etoile Violette',
'Hanna',
'John Treasure',
'Kermesina',
'Little Nell',
'Mme Julia Correvon',
'Mikelite',
'Minuet',
'Pagoda',
'Polish Spirit',
'Prince Charles',
'Purpurea Plena Elegans',
'Royal Velours',
'Solina',
'Venosa Violacea'.



Perennial Clematis. These
perennial species with raised, non-clinging stems, similar to those of a
climbing rose are a valuable yet still little known Clematis group.


Clematis heracleifolia - Tube
Clematis. A
herbaceous perennial with raised, stiff stems, up to 1 m. Small (2-5 cm
across), tubular, sweetly scented, blue-mauve flowers are produced from
July to September in large clusters similar to that of a hyacinth, located
in the leaf axils. Ideal for scrambling through herbaceous perennials and
shrubs. Cultivars created by crosses between this species and other
clematis comprise the Heracleifolia
Group. The most valuable among them are Clematis 'Praecox'
and 'Mrs. Robert Brydon'.
Clematis
jouiniana 'Praecox'. Raised as a hybrid of Traveler's Joy (Clematis
vitalba) and Tube Clematis (Clematis
heracleifolia), it's the best ground cover clematis that makes
a welcome addition to every garden. Its large dark green leaves,
trifoliate with coarsely toothed leaflets, spread densely over the ground.
Stems grow rampantly (3-4 m of annual growth), and in just a few weeks
cover the ground with a thick carpet, thus inhibiting weeds and preventing
soil from excessive heating and drying out. In June and July the plant
covers with masses of small, 3-4 cm across, pinkish-mauve flowers,
gathered in large panicles. It's sufficiently hardy. The pruning should be
hard or moderate, depending on the area to cover.



 see also:


 • Clematis 'Praecox'


If you are limited by space you can use a less
rampant 'Mrs. Robert Brydon'. Growing up to 2 m annually
it has violet-blue flowers and lustrous deep green leaves that are bigger
than those of 'Praecox'.



Clematis
integrifolia - Solitary Clematis. A slender-stemmed,
scrambling perennial with stems up to 60 cm. From June to September the
plant covers with bell-shaped nodding violet flowers with recurving



Clematis Integrifolia Group 'Hanajima'



tepals. Depending on a variety, flowers can be blue, violet, white or
pink.

It's a hardy perennial that dies down to the ground each year and survives
the winter on food stored in specialized underground stems. Dead stems
should be cut out in early spring. As a support you can use neighboring
plants, bamboo sticks or stakes, or alternatively you can let it trail
along the ground



Hybrids produced by crosses between this species and other clematis form the Integrifolia Group. Though
still little known, they are very valuable and attractive on the basis of
their long and profuse flowering, healthiness hardiness and easy culture. They
adapt well to all the familiar garden uses and can be successfully grown
on balconies and terraces but also in public places. They are non-clinging
in habit with the stems, depending on a variety, between 40 to 200 cm
long,but will
meander through a border and amongst existing plants in a delightful manner,
adding interest to shrubs that have finished flowering (e.g. azaleas that flower
beautifully but shortly in early spring, and afterwards they form a
monotonous mass of green until the autumn when its leaves variegate), or
providing a contrast of color and form. Clematis from this group are charming
companions for border roses and other shrubs, invaluable for creating
groups and borders. When grown without support, they will spread out over
the ground creating attractive covers.
The following list comprises some of the most valuable hybrids: 'Alba',



 see also:


 • Clematis Integrifolia Group


'Alionushka',
x aromatica,
'Arabella' (1994),
'Blue Boy',
'Bluish Violet',
x durandii,
x diversifolia 'Hendersonii',
'Hakuree',
'Hanajima',
'Inspiration',
'Juuli',
'Lord Herschell',
'Olgae',
'Pamiat Serdtsa',
'Rooguchi',
'Rosea'.

Clematis mandshurica - A herbaceous perennial
reaching up to 1,5 m, and forming masses of small (1,5 cm across),
star-shaped and slightly scented white flowers, from July to September.
Grow in a sunny spot to bring out the best scent.

Clematis recta - Ground Clematis. A Polish herbaceous
perennial, growing up to 1 m, with frail stems crawling along the ground.
During July and August it produces abundant masses of small (1,5 cm
across), creamy white, sweetly scented flowers. Suitable for growing on
perennial borders and scrambling through shrubs.







see also:

• Clematis ‘Bill MacKenzie’ from the Tangutica Group • Clematis ‘Praecox’ from the Heracleifolia Group • Clematis 'Emilia Plater' (Viticella Group) • Clematis alpina • Clematis Integrifolia Group • Clematis Viticella Group • advanced search • applications of climbers • articles about Clematis • encyclopaedia

 

 vines in garden > care and culture of Clematis > varieties
Last modification: 2005-01-23.

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