9  HELTHY LIFESTYLE
DISCUSS: Which of the things are good for your health and which are bad? Why? Give arguments!
EATING MEAT CRISPS YOGA SMOKING
SUGAR WATCHING TV ALCOHOL
LIVING ALONE TEA RUNNING COFFEE
VITAMIN PILLS KEEPING A PET
SALT FLYING SUNBATHING
STRESS VEGETARIAN DIET
EXERCISE 1: Work in pairs and prepare a set of 10 tips for people of your age concerning a healthy lifestyle.
WHAT (NOT) TO DO TO BE HEALTHY?
1& & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & .
2& & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & .
3& & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & .
4& & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & .
5& & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & .
6& & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & .
7& & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & .
8& & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & .
9& & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & .
10& & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & ...
EXERCISE 2: Read the text and choose the change the words in brackets to complete the gaps.
How to be healthy?
For (1) & & & & & & .(MAJOR) of people a healthy lifestyle is equal to living life in a way that allows a person to
be both physically and (2) & & & & & & & (EMOTION) healthy. Scientists nowadays aim to raise
(3)& & & & & & .(AWARE) among people of the (4) & & & & & & & ..(IMPORTANT) of a healthy lifestyle,
maintaining healthy body weight and to promote the most important components of a healthy lifestyle: regular
exercise, proper nutrition, no smoking, managing stress, adequate rest, and positive (5) & & & & & .(RELATE). It is
generally (6) & & & & & & ..(BELIEVE) that positive choices in the areas of physical fitness, stress, work,
relationships, and nutrition promote a sense of (7)& & & & & & & (ACCOMPLISH) and well-being. At the same
time, sticking to a healthy lifestyle (8) & & & & & & .(CONSIDER) reduces the risk of (9)& & & & & & (VARY)
chronic illnesses, gives people more energy, increases their self-esteem and confidence. It is widely known that
traditional Polish diet can cause significant health problems since it is high in fat, salt, sugar, and low in fibre, and
vital nutrients. Poor (10)& & & & & .(DIET) habits combined with lack of exercise and high stress have been related
to obesity, coronary heart disease, high blood pressure, and diabetes. Thus, the dietary (11)& & & & & & ..(GUIDE)
and (12)& & & & & & ..(RECOMMEND) usually suggest to: eat a variety of foods; choose a diet with plenty of
fruits, vegetables, grain, milk products to reduce the risk of heart diseases and stroke; choose a diet low in fat,
cholesterol, with moderate sugar foods, salt and sodium; avoid alcohol. However, food and proper
(13)& & & & & ..(EAT) habits cannot make a person (14) & & & & & & .(TRUTH) healthy. Exercise is also
fundamental in (15)& & & & & & ..(MAINTAIN) a healthy body and active lifestyle. Apart from physical benefits,
exercise gives a person a greater sense of well-being, increases one s self-esteem, thanks to it
(16)& & & & & & .(ANXIOUS) and depression are decreased. Regular exercises: prevent heart diseases, normalize
blood pressure, regulate glucose level in the blood, prevent bone mineral (17)& & & & & & (LOSE), support body
structure, promote weight loss and flexibility. It is important, however, not to start off too fast or too hard since
(18)& & & & & & (DO) exercising is likely to cause the feeling of discouragement, strains, pain, or injuries. Finally,
being active involves not only regular exercises, but also changing (19)& & & & & ..(DAY) habits, such as: taking
stairs instead of lifts, walking or cycling instead of driving, going for walks instead of watching TV, and having an
(20)& & & & & .(ACTIVITY) social life.
EXERCISE 3: Discuss the following points in pairs or in small groups:
" Is your lifestyle healthy? Think about the components presented in the text?
" Have you ever been on a diet?
" Do you go for regular medical/dental checkup?
" Do you ever read magazines or news articles about health? What subjects do you find most interesting?
" Do you have a lot of stress?
" What disease frightens you the most? Why?
" What are the ways/methods you know that you can personally keep yourself healthy?
" Do people in Poland generally live a healthy lifestyle? Why (not)? Are we in any way different from other
nationalities?
EXERCISE 4: Do you agree with the following statements? Give your arguments for or against.
Most young people are addicted to junk food.
People s eating habits are changing a lot.
Women worry more about their eating habits than men.
Vegetarians are healthier than people who eat a lot of meat.
If you do a lot of exercise, it doesn t matter what you eat.
EXERCISE 5. READ THE EXTRACT FROM A RESEARCH PAPER BELOW AND ANSWER THE
QUESTIONS.
 In many Western countries, peoples' diet changed (SUBSTANCE) & & & & & & & & & & in the second half of the
twentieth century, generally with increases in (CONSUME) & & & & & & & & & & of meat, dairy products,
vegetable oils, fruit juice, and (ALCOHOL) & & & & & & & & & & beverages, and decreases in consumption of
(STARCH) & & & & & & & & & & staple foods such as bread, potatoes, rice, and maize flour. Other aspects of
lifestyle also changed, notably, large (REDUCE) & & & & & & & & & & in physical activity, and problems with
lungs, endometrium and prostate; by contrast, individuals in developing countries usually had diets that were based on
one or two starchy staple foods, with low (TAKE) & & & & & & & & & & of animal products, fat, and sugar, and
low rates of these cancers."
"These (OBSERVE) & & & & & & & & & & suggest that the diets [or lifestyle] of different populations might
(PART) & & & & & & & & & & determine their rates of cancer, and the basis for this hypothesis was (STRONG)
& & & & & & & & & & by results of studies showing that people who migrate from one country to another generally
acquire the cancer rates of the new host country, suggesting that (ENVIROMENT) & & & & & & & & & & .. rather
than genetic factors are the key determinants of the international variation in cancer rates.
1) How have the eating habits in developed countries changed over the past 50 years?
2) What have been the consequences of these changes?
3) What do people from developing countries eat as opposed to the inhabitants of the Western World?
4) What impact does migration to another country have on the incoming people?
5) What are your observations concerning the eating habits in our country?
EXERCISE 6. LISTENING PRACTICE: HEALTHY EATING
You will hear a discussion about healthy eating. For questions 24 - 30, write T (for true) or F (for false).
24. Sugar comes in only one form.
25. Too much sugar can cause weight problems for some people.
26. Brushing twice a day is not enough to protect your teeth.
27. Sugar causes destruction to the teeth for up to 2 hours.
28. Fluoride is not recommended for babies.
29. It's not necessary to regulate our sugar intake.
30. You should try to buy snacks with the least amount of sugar.
EXERCISE 7: Ask questions following the example:
1. (smoke  a day)
Do you smoke?
I d like to ask you if you smoke.
How many cigarettes do you smoke a day?
Can you tell me how many cigarettes you smoke a day?
2. (drink)
& & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & .
How often and how much& & & & & & & & & & & & & & .
I d like to know how & & & & & & & & & & & & & & &
3. (eat fast food)
& & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & ...
Let me ask you if & & & & & & & & & & & & & & &
How often & & & & & & & & & & & & & .
I d like to know how & & & & & & & & & & & & & & &
4. (drink coffee - a day)
& & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & .
Could you tell me & & & & & & & & & & &
How many cups of coffee & & & & & & & & & & & &
I wonder & & & & & & & & & & & & & &
5. (walk regularly)
& & & & & & & & & & & & & & & .
I wonder if & & & & & & & & & & & & & .
How many kilometres & & & & & & & & & & &
Let me ask you how & & & & & & & & & & ..
6. (go to bed  at the same time everyday)
& & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & ..
Can you tell me if & & & & & & & & & & & & &
What time & & & & & & & & & & & & &
I wonder what time & & & & & & & & & & & ..
EXERCISE 8: Study the vocabulary given below. Then use it to complete the sentences.
to affect sth / sb to contribute to sth
to influence sth /sb to lead to sth
to produce sth to generate sth
1. It is believed that our lifestyle & & & & & & & & & & & & & the way we feel.
2. It has long been suspected that a wrong diet can & & & & & & & & & & & anaemia.
3. It has been proved that exercise & & & & & & & & & & & & . metabolism in a favourable way.
4. It is commonly known that chain smoking & & & & & & & & & & & & a number of serious disorders.
5. It has been found that a sedentary lifestyle can & & & & & & & & & & & & numerous health problems.
6. It has been recently confirmed that a fast-food based diet can & & & & & & & & & & & obesity.
EXERCISE 9. HEALTH & FITNESS.
You will hear five short extracts in which people talk about fitness and health. While you listen you must complete
both tasks.
Task One
For questions 21-25, choose from the list A-H what each speaker says about his or her reasons for attending a gym
regularly.
A) The gym has a social function for me. 21. Speaker 1
B) I want to be fit for a specific event. 22. Speaker 2
C) My company pays for me to attend a gym. 23. Speaker 3
D) I must keep fit because of my medical condition. 24. Speaker 4
E) Being fit gives me a sense of achievement. 25. Speaker 5
F) Attending a gym is an absolute necessity for me.
G) I come here with the members of my cycling club.
H) I started exercising regularly after an injury.
Task Two
For questions 26-30, choose from the list A-H what opinion each speaker expresses about fitness and health
generally.
A) My lifestyle is unhealthy in the long run. 26. Speaker 1
B) Keeping fit is a habit. 27. Speaker 2
C) I find it hard to commit myself to exercising. 28. Speaker 3
D) City life doesn't encourage walking for exercise. 29. Speaker 4
E) Exercise machines are extremely boring. 30. Speaker 5
F) You can't separate health and lifestyle.
G) It's easier to get fit if you think of it as a commitment.
H) I'm sure your genetic make-up has a lot to do with fitness.
EXERCISE 10: Decide which answer A, B, C or D fits best each space:
SPORT
Someone once said that there are three kinds of people who are (1) & & & in sport,. people who (2) & & & part,
people who watch, and people who watch television. It's very easy to make fun of stay-at-home sports (3) & & & but
on the other hand, television does enable us to enjoy all kinds of (4) & & & events. We can watch a racing car (5)
& & & another, see a cyclist (6) & & & the finishing line, or enjoy the goals of our favourite football (7) & & & The
first time I watched a tennis (8) & & & was on television, and I found it (9) & & & interesting. It's not always
easy to (10) & & & long distances to football (11) & & & and television is a good solution. Of course, you can (12)
& & & used to sitting indoors all the time, and this is dangerous. We should all try to (13) & & & fit, and have other
interests and (14) & & &
1) A) playing B) really C) interested D) succeed
2) A) take B) have C) make D) get
3) A) people B) centres C) programmes D) fans
4) A) the B) future C) sports D) athlete
5) A) cross B) overtake C) or D) from
6) A) overtake B) and C) cross D) professional
7) A) group B) class C) band D) team
8) A) match B) it C) which D) that
9) A) valuable B) imaginatively C) unexpectedly D) real
10) A) trip B) tour C) pass D) travel
11) A) areas B) grounds C) teams D) fans
12) A) or B) which C) get D) is
13) A) keep B) make C) do D) have
14) A) customs B) habits C) pastimes D) leisure