Appendix A UNITED STATES ARMY CORPS

1. Background

as the JTF commander. As such, corps play a key role in translating the broad strategic Corps are the largest tactical units in the and operational objectives of higher echelons US Army�"the instruments by which higher into the specific and detailed tactics used to echelons of command conduct maneuver at achieve those objectives.

the operational level.

2. Corps Structure

a. Functions.

The US Army tailors corps for the theater and mission for which they are deployed.

(1) Corps plan and conduct oper-There is no standard organizational ations in consonance with other elements of structure of a corps. The following discussion the joint force to achieve campaign objectives.

highlights types of combat, combat support, and CSS organizations that may comprise a (2) Corps integrate available Air corps. Figure A-1 outlines a notional corps

Force, Navy, and Marine combat, combat organization.

support, and CSS forces into tactical operations. This includes joint efforts in a. Divisions/Attached Maneuver Bri-intelligence, target acquisition, target attack, gades. A corps normally fights from 2 to 5

EW, and SEAD.

divisions. Divisions are fixed-combined arms organizations capable of performing any (3) Corps

collect intelligence,

tactical mission and are largely self-anticipate enemy activities and intentions, sustaining. The corps may also command and plan future operations a minimum of 72

and control 1 or more attached maneuver hours out.

brigades (e.g., light infantry, air assault).

(4) Corps plan and conduct deep and b. Armored Cavalry Regiment. The rear operations to support close operations.

armored cavalry regiment (ACR) consists of organic air and armored cavalry units (5) Corps plan and conduct deception supported by organic field artillery, air operations in consonance with the deception defense, engineer, military intelligence, plan of the higher echelon.

chemical, and CSS units. The ACR operates as combined arms teams over wide areas that (6) Corps plan and conduct oper-perform reconnaissance, security, and ations other than war.

economy of force operations for the corps. The ACR can also perform the range of combat b. Operational Context. While a corps operations ascribed to the DRB in this could deploy as an independent unit, such manual and may also be a force selected to employment would be limited in both scope operate under the command and control of a and duration. Normally, corps will function MEF. The TTP detailed for the DRB’s under the control of higher echelons (such as integrated employment with the MEF apply field armies and army groups in developed mainly to the ACR as well; differences may theaters), as land components of a unified or be accommodated through liaison and staff subunified command, or as the Army element

coordination. Figure A-2 depicts heavy ACR’s

of a JTF with the corps commander serving organization and major weapons systems.

A-1





A-2

c. Corps Aviation Brigade. The corps in intelligence and counterintelligence aviation brigade provides the corps planning, analysis, production, and commander with a significant capability for dissemination. It also supports the G3 in prosecuting air maneuver and deep electronic warfare, operations security, and operations. The brigade features a varying deception planning.

number of attack helicopter battalions (of 24

AH-64 Apaches

each) that possess

f. Engineer Brigade. The engineer exceptional capabilities for night operations brigade controls engineer units of the corps and a mix of assault, medium-lift, and that are not organic to the maneuver units.

observation helicopters.

The brigade

The brigade provides mobility, counter-requires support from the corps support mobility,

survivability, and general command for maintenance,

ground

engineering support to the corps and transportation, and Classes III and V

augments the engineer support of committed sustainment.

maneuver and other subordinate units. The brigade may contain combat engineer d. Corps Artillery. The corps artillery battalions, combat engineer battalions includes all the artillery cannon and MLRS/

(heavy), combat support equipment ATACMS battalions that are not organic to companies, assault float bridge companies, maneuver units. These battalions are and tactical bridge companies. The brigade normally configured into field artillery may form engineer groups to command and brigades allocated as needed to augment the control engineer units when the size of the fires of committed maneuver units or brigade requires the use of intermediate retained under corps control to provide headquarters.

A topographic engineer

general support fires. Artillery supports the company in direct support of the corps from corps fight throughout the depth of the the EAC topographic engineer battalion battlefield by delivering ATACMS fires at provides terrain analysis and develops, operational depths, supporting corps deep produces

and disseminates

special

operations with SEAD fires, fighting the topographic products such as overprints of counterfire battle, providing weight to the standard Defense Mapping Agency Mapping, close fight when and where needed, and charting, and geodesy products.

supporting rear operations as required.

g. Air Defense Artillery Brigade. The air e. Military Intelligence Brigade. The defense artillery brigade contains units with military intelligence brigade contains weapons systems designed to counter air operations, tactical exploitation, and aerial threats from low, medium, and high altitudes.

exploitation battalions.

The military

Subordinate battalions employ a com-intelligence brigade provides intelligence and bination of gun and missile systems. Corps operations security in general support of the air defense battalions usually conduct corps and augments the intelligence tactical operations in support of corps capabilities of corps’ subordinate units. The priorities but may be tasked to reinforce brigade collects and analyzes information subordinate unit air defense units. Corps air from multiple sources, including signal, defenses are synchronized with both imagery, and human intelligence assets. The subordinate and EAC units. These latter brigade’s intelligence assets provide the corps systems normally include aircraft involved with the ability to �śsee deep” into the enemy in defensive counterair operations of US and rear area and disrupt enemy command, allied air forces; long-range, high-altitude control, and communications at critical times missile systems of theater surface-to-air during the battle. The operations battalion missile units; and the supporting command provides an analysis and control element to and control network of the integrated theater the corps headquarters that assists the G2

air defense network.

A-3

h. Signal Brigade. The signal brigade with host-nation civil/military police to provides the installation, operation, and accomplish assigned missions.

maintenance of communications within and between the corps command and control k. Civil Affairs Brigade. The functional facilities,

as well as an extensive

composition of civil affairs (CA) forces varies communications network that connects all with the mission,

availability, and

elements of the corps. To accomplish this, qualification of CA personnel and supported t h e b r i g a d e u s e s r a d i o a n d w i r e command preferences. CA forces support communications to transmit voice, digital JFC, service, or functional component data, and facsimile into an integrated tactical commanders. US Army Reserve CA forces communications system.

are separately organized into commands, brigades, and battalions. CA commands and i. Chemical Brigade. The chemical brigades do not have organic subordinate brigade commands, controls, and coordinates units and battalions do not have subordinate chemical support operations of attached companies.

CA forces are attached to chemical units and provides those units with subordinate component commanders for administrative and logistical support. The employment at operational and tactical brigade

evaluates

and determines

levels. The attached CA forces support the decontamination, NBC reconnaissance, and various commanders in accomplishing smoke support requirements for the brigade; theater CMO objectives. Generally, CA units the brigade commander then recommends are regionally aligned, (i. e., CENTCOM, NBC mission priorities to the corps EUCOM, PACOM, SOUTHCOM, USACOM) commander. Based on corps commander with a CA (RC) brigade supporting a corps.

guidance, the brigade provides smoke There is only 1 active duty battalion with 5

generator, NBC reconnaissance, and NBC

companies each regionally aligned. It is a decontamination support within the corps worldwide contingency unit.

areas.

Chemical battalions within the brigade support corps units in specified 1. Psychological Operations Battalion.

command or support relationships.

Psychological operations (PSYOP) tactical support units (tactical support groups (TSG) j. MP Brigade.

The MP brigade

(RC), tactical support battalions (TSB), and commands and controls several MP

tactical support companies (TSC) are battalions that provide battlefield circulation primarily responsible for support to corps and control, area security, enemy prisoner of war below maneuver units. These units may be and civilian internee operations, and law and task organized under a psychological order for the corps. It conducts recon-operations task force (POTF) or joint naissance and surveillance to ensure security psychological operations task force (JPOTF) of main

supply routes

and

area

when operation at the CINC or JTF level.

reconnaissance of other key areas in the corps Within the JTF the POTF/JPOTF is a rear, The brigade normally provides response separate functional command similar to a forces to counter threats to the rear area that joint special operations task force. A corps exceed the organic capabilities of combat not operating as a JTF is normally supported support and CSS units but do not require by a PSYOP regional support company and commitment of significant ground combat a PSYOP TSB with 3 companies (1 per units. The brigade augments the organic division).

They conduct loudspeaker

MPs of committed maneuver units as operations

and disseminate PSYOP

required and may also operate in support of materials developed by the PSYOP regional USAF units in air base ground defense support units. In the course of conducting operations. The brigade may conduct close their primary missions, these units collect liaison and mutually supporting operations and report PSYOP relevant information.

A-4

They have the capability to provide limited command and control over all finance units PSYOP material development, production, within the corps. No division-level finance and dissemination. These activities are units exist; a network of units provide conducted on an �śas-required” basis with the military pay, disbursing, travel, and authorization of and under guidelines commercial vendor services on an area established by the headquarters of the support basis.

PSYOP task organization. PSYOP regional and tactical support units are capable of o. Personnel Group. The personnel supporting

civil

affairs

u n i t s i n

group serves as the command and control accomplishing many of the corps’ CMO

headquarters for all personnel service objectives. Another PSYOP contribution to battalions and separate companies in the the support of corps operations is the PSYOP

corps areas, as well as for replacement enemy prisoner of war (EPW) and civilian companies, postal companies, and bands.

internee battalion (EPWB). This battalion Personnel service companies furnish with its 2 EPW/counterintelligence (CI) divisional and nondivisional units with companies (EPWC) operates under the strength

management,

personnel

OPCON of the PSYOP tack organization accountability, strength reconciliation, headquarters and attached to the MP

replacement distribution, casualty reporting, prisoner of war command (MPPWCOM).

postal operations, and morale support.

These PSYOP EPW/CI units support the PSYOP task organization by collecting and 3. Corps Operations

reporting PSYOP relevant information gathered by screening, interviewing, and a. Corps Area of Operations. The echelon surveying EPW/CI camp populations and above corps normally designate the corps recording EPW audio surrender appeals.

area of operations for both offensive and They support MTTWCOM by performing defensive operations. In addition to flank PSYOP staff planning and conducting and rear boundaries, a corps forward PSYOP in support of camp operations and boundary could be used to depict the augmenting MP forces responsible for geographic extent of its responsibilities. The processing, monitoring, and controlling the corps normally divide its area of operations populations at EPW/CI camps established at geographically into subareas to execute deep, corps.

close, and rear operations. The use of boundaries and other control measures in m. Corps Support Command. The corps both linear and nonlinear environments support command (COSCOM) serves as the facilitates both corps operational command locus for logistics activities in the corps. The and control and the delineation of COSCOM provides supply, field services, responsibilities to corps subordinate transportation (mode operations and elements.

movement control), maintenance, and medical support to the divisions and b. Close Operations.

Corps close

nondivisional units of the corps.

The

operations encompass the current battles and COSCOM contains a mix of subordinate units engagements of its major maneuver tailored to support the size and configuration elements, together with the combat support of the corps. The COSCOM organizes tailored and combat service support activities corps support groups to support the logistics currently supporting them. The corps close requirements that exceed the organic operations include the deep, close, and rear capabilities of major subordinate units.

operations of its committed divisions; separate maneuver brigades; and/or armored n. Finance Group. The finance group cavalry regiment. Not all activities that are provides all finance support and exercises part of close operations are necessarily A-5

taking place near the line of contact. For can participate in time and space against example, counterfire directed against enemy projected operations provide relevant artillery that support enemy regiments of targets for attack.

Based on the

divisions in contact comprise a component of recommendations of the corps staff, the close operations.

Similarly, security

commander determines deep operations operations, such as covering and screening objectives and designs them to shape future forces, are part of close operations.

close operations. Objectives in attacking Conversely, not all activities occurring near enemy forces in depth designed to the line of contact are part of the close significantly alter the tempo of enemy operations. Target acquisition assets, for operations. This reduced tempo isolates instance, may locate in the areas where close close operations on terms favorable to the operations are taking place but may be corps. Attacks to disrupt commitment of supporting deep operations. The outcome of follow-on enemy forces into battle, the corps close fight will ultimately synchronized with attacks against command determine the success or failure of the corps and control systems and other operationally battle. The corps deep and rear operations significant targets, can produce decisive focus primarily on creating conditions effects or create conditions for close favorable to the corps winning its close operations to achieve decisive effects. To operations.

realize the maximum payoff from these attacks, deep operations are integrated c. Deep Operations. Corps deep oper-within the overall concept of operation.

ations include those activities directed against enemy forces not currently engaged d. Rear Operations. Corps rear oper-in close operations but capable of engaging ations consist of those activities from the in or influencing future close operations.

corps rear boundary forward to the rear Maneuver forces, fire support, and boundaries of committed maneuver units.

supporting C4I systems combine to plan and The corps conducts rear operations to the execute deep operations. Deep operations corps freedom of maneuver and continuity create leverage in the close fight. Corps of operations, including logistics and planners project future operations and command and control. Continuous recon-determine what conditions the corps can naissance

and timely intelligence

create and exploit to defeat the enemy to collection and dissemination are essential accomplish operational objectives. Deep for successful rear operations. Rear operations depend on careful analysis of operations must include clear command enemy capabilities to interfere with friendly and control arrangements, dedicated fire operations and enemy vulnerability to support, and designated combat forces to attack. Those enemy forces�"including respond

t o r e a r - a r e a t h r e a t s a s related command and control systems�"that appropriate.

A-6