THE EASY GUIDE TO DATA AND VOICE NETWORKING
A GUIDE TO CONVERGENCE FOR GROWING BUSINESSES
Cisco Solutions
THE EASY GUIDE TO DATA AND VOICE NETWORKING
A GUIDE TO CONVERGENCE FOR GROWING BUSINESSES
Here s a strong candidate for the most important word for the 21st
Century. The word is Convergence. It s important because it will bring
about one of the most subtle, yet profound changes in our modern way of
life. Almost since its invention, the telephone has been a standard piece of
equipment. We are used to seeing one on every desk in a company and at
least one in every home. Now, the computer is achieving the same status.
It is becoming a necessity, not a luxury. Convergence means the coming
together of computer systems and telephone systems. Why is this so
important? Because, like so many little things, it signifies something
far greater. It means a change in the way that people communicate with
each other.
Convergence Table of Contents
Contents
What is a network?
" The re-birth of the telephone 4
The ways we communicate
" The cost factor 5
" The Net connection 5
Definitions and explanations
" What is VoIP? 6
" Quality of Service 6
" Bandwidth and packets 6
" Frame Relay and ATM 7
" The IP solution 7
Convergence in action
" The international network 8
" Education - the academic Intranet 8
" Retail - the virtual department store 9
" The private user 9
Empowering convergence
" QoS - the Cisco Solution 10
" Talking to your PC 10
" Call centre systems 11
" Can you afford not to? 11
Beyond convergence
" A new world of communications 11
What is a network?
THE FIRST THING TO DO IS TO BREAK A THINKING HABIT. THESE
DAYS, WHEN WE USE THE WORD NETWORK WE TEND TO THINK
AUTOMATICALLY THAT IT MEANS COMPUTERS. YET BEFORE
COMPUTER NETWORKING, A NETWORK MEANT ANY
COLLECTION OF PEOPLE OR MACHINES THAT WERE CONNECTED
IN SUCH A WAY THAT SOME OR ALL OF THE PARTICIPANTS COULD
COMMUNICATE WITH EACH OTHER. IN THIS GUIDE, WHEN WE
TALK ABOUT CONVERGING NETWORKS WE ARE NOT TALKING
ONLY ABOUT COMPUTERS. WE ARE TALKING ABOUT COMPUTER
NETWORKS AND TELEPHONE NETWORKS. THIS KIND OF CONVERGENCE IS ALREADY TAKING PLACE, WITH MORE AND MORE
COMPANIES OF EVERY SIZE USING THEIR COMPUTER NETWORKS TO SEND AND RECEIVE FAXES. NOW THE TELEPHONE, A
DEVICE THAT WE HAVE TAKEN FOR GRANTED FOR SO LONG, IS ABOUT TO BE VIRTUALLY REINVENTED. COMPUTER
TELEPHONY INTEGRATION (CTI), VOICE OVER IP (VOIP) AND OTHER NEW IP TELEPHONY SOLUTIONS ARE DRIVING THE
NEED FOR THESE CHANGES.
The Current Solution: two networks The Way Forward: Voice over IP
Most organisations still have two communications networks: Voice over IP enables voice and data transmission to share
their telephone system and their computer system. the same network without compromising the quality of the
voice call. New  Quality of Service (QoS) technology means
that companies large and small can achieve major reductions
in their telephone costs.
Data Network
Server
Server
PBX
IP
Data Network
Server
4
The ways we communicate
If you have a problem, you can talk it through with
someone. It helps to get an objective opinion and to
clarify your thoughts. Sometimes, however, it is also a
way of avoiding the real issue. Talking around the
problem feels as though you are doing something about it,
when really you are not.
Another way to deal with it is to write it down, even if you
simply make a list of the alternative solutions. This is a
much tougher option; the written word will not allow you
to deceive yourself.
What has this got to do with computers and telephones?
The point is, it highlights the radical differences in the
hand, the ability to make free phone calls perhaps only
ways we communicate with each other - and even with
makes you more conscious of the cost when you have to
ourselves.
pay for the call.
There are still more differences, too. Think about the
As a result, the way we use the telephone becomes a
difference between talking to someone on the phone and
function of who we are talking to and, more particularly,
talking to them in person. When we can see each other, we
where they are. We are more willing to chat informally on
communicate visually as well as verbally, with our eyes,
a local call than we are on a more expensive long-distance
our hands, the expression on our faces and who knows
or international call.
what other subtle ways.
On this basis, it is not difficult to create a scenario where
Clearly, human communication has always been an
the economics of the telephone serve to maintain barriers
 integrated and  multi-medium process. Now the
between regions and nations. It could be argued that we
technology we use to communicate is catching up.
respond differently when we call long-distance than when
Computers and telephones are converging to give us
we call locally.
almost as many options for technological communication
as we have for our instinctive, biological communication.
But whether you look at it on this deep level of
consciousness, or simply look at your telephone bills, the
The cost factor
plain fact is that cost is still a critical barrier to
We take the telephone for granted. Just over 100 years
communication by telephone.
ago, it would have been unthinkable to be able to
communicate verbally with someone in the next village, let
The Net connection
alone on the other side of the world.
At the heart of the voice communication revolution is the
Internet. The technology that built it is revolutionising
Yet in the short time that telephones have been around, we
communication for businesses and individuals at a rapidly
have learnt to use them almost as instinctively as we
increasing rate. Quite apart from e-mail and e-commerce
communicate face-to-face. However, just as there is a
(see Cisco s Easy Guide to Networking and Easy Guide to
difference between talking to someone and writing to
E-commerce) you can now use your computer to chat to
them, there is a difference between a telephone
people on the other side of the world, paying only local
conversation and speaking to each other in person.
telephone rates for the connection.
Nevertheless, we seem to switch easily into telephone
mode whenever we need to make or answer a call. Such is
But chatting in Internet parlance means typing out your
the miracle of evolution.
ideas and answers, so that they appear on the other
person s screen. As we have shown, writing things down is
As always, however, the problem for new technology is
not the same spontaneous, instinctive process as talking.
economics. The cost of making long-distance and
international telephone calls has maintained an instinctive
Internet technology is about to break down even that
unwillingness to use the telephone too much.
barrier to communication between people. Convergence
and VoIP are driving a communications revolution.
In the USA, where local calls are free, people are far more
free and easy in their use of the technology. On the other
5
Definitions and explanations
What is VoIP?
VoIP stands for Voice over Internet Protocol. In fact, the When you create
concept is disarmingly simple. It means that instead of a document on
using a telephone network to make a telephone call, you your computer you
can use a computer network. actually create a large
bundle of computer code. If you then want to send that
Simple though this sounds, its positive implications are document down a network cable and a telephone line to
enormous. Firstly, if your business has a computer another computer, it almost literally takes up a large
network and a telephone network, in future you will be chunk of space on the connection.
able to converge them into one, achieving big savings in
time and cost in the process. Engineers developed packet switching technology to
simplify the ways in which large files were sent. In essence,
Secondly, if you have Internet access, you can place all these large data files are broken into pieces or packets that
your calls through the network provided by your Internet are sent in streams across the net and each individually
Service Provider (ISP). Just as you use your ISP s local addressed to the receiving computer. The receiving
point-of-presence (POP) to access the Internet at local call computer then reconstitutes this stream of packets into the
rates, with VoIP you can use the same POP for telephone original document!
calls. Those same local rates apply even if you are making
a conference call, or taking part in a video conference. It s like trying to force a large stone into a pipe that is only
just big enough. Indeed, the comparison works well,
Quality of Service because the way the technology solves the problem is to
Telephone conversations are carried out on what are break the file into a stream of code, almost as if the stone
known as fixed bandwidth connections. This usually gives had been ground in to smaller pieces. The computer at the
a connection that allows both parties to chat freely, almost other end rebuilds the file, in effect reconstituting the stone.
as though they were face-to-face. This characteristic is
termed call quality. However, if you have ever placed an The limiting factor in the time taken to send a file across a
international call, you will know that sometimes a delay data network is bandwidth. This is the term used by
can occur between what you say and what the other network engineers to describe the capacity of a cable to
person hears. You will also know how disconcerting even carry data. The larger the document, the more bandwidth
that tiny delay can be. required to carry it. If you then consider a large public
data network in constant use you quickly build a picture
For the teams developing VoIP, the challenge was still of a network of cables crammed and congested with data.
greater. The nature of the network technology with which However, this congestion is not good for VoIP as it causes
they had to work meant that telephone calls placed on delay and leads to the ship to shore type of communication
those networks could not guarantee fixed delays and described earlier.
performed more like ship-to-shore radio than
conventional telephones. In other words, the calling The solution is ingenious. Instead of each document taking
parties had to take it in turns to speak, frequently resorting its turn to be transmitted, the technology which breaks all
to saying  over to tell the other person when they had the code into packets that can be carried together in
finished what they had to say. sequence also assigns a priority level to each one. High for
Voice packets, standard for data. All now follow each
In simple terms, the achievement of VoIP is to overcome other in streams, branching off when they reach the link
these problems. This is achieved by implementing Quality that will take them to their destination. The receiving
of Service (QoS) technologies. The breakthrough has been computer collects all the packets that make up the
achieved by the use of standards based Internet Protocol document and recreates it.
networking.
The remarkable part is the ability of the system to separate
Bandwidth and packets out the relevant parts of each file and rebuild them again
To understand VoIP, we first need a crash course in at the other end. In this way, thousands, even millions, of
networking technology. For a closer look at computer computer files of all sizes and formats can be carried
networking generally, you need Cisco s Easy Guide to simultaneously on a network. With the ability to also send
Networking. Here, we are going to take a brief look at Voice within packets (albeit of a higher priority) we can
how networks actually work. now support Voice and data on the same QoS
enabled network.
6
Frame Relay and ATM The key difference is the role it plays in the connection
As demand for network capacity has grown, new ways of between the caller and the main network, which may be
getting more from existing bandwidth have been operated by a telephone company or an Internet Service
developed. Some providers of network services use Frame Provider (ISP). Internet technology allows virtually any
Relay technology, which is increasingly combined with kind of computer file to be exchanged between virtually
asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) technology. any number of computers, as anyone who has ever surfed
around the World Wide Web will know.
Both ATM and Frame Relay networks can also be used to
support converged voice and data services. The issue is to For the purposes of VoIP, a voice signal is converted into
ensure that network delay is tightly managed and just another piece of computer data, so it can be managed
controlled. Again, Quality of Service (QoS) provides the just as easily. However, because of the requirement for
answer. Intelligent networking technologies can now QoS, it also means that voice packets must be
distinguish between data and voice transmissions and electronically tagged and given priority over other data.
allocate bandwidth accordingly. As a result, the network
can always achieve maximum performance for both data In fact, many large network operators (and those
and voice, even when it is carrying both types of signal enterprises large enough to run their own dedicated
simultaneously. international computer and telephone networks) may still
use Frame Relay or ATM for their main cable connections,
The IP solution known as the backbone or core of the network.
After many years in which many different types of But with a revolutionary and almost infinitely versatile
networking protocol have been used, the explosion of the technology to manage the congestion throughout the
Internet has made Internet Protocol the most widely superhighway, the global communication breakthrough
used of all. Through VoIP technology, IP is making that is VoIP is finally becoming a reality. Above all, it is
convergence a viable option even for small businesses and increasingly available to small or medium sized businesses
private individuals. and even to private individuals.
7
Convergence in action
The international network advantage - through the use of Internet technology.
It is, perhaps, within major global organisations that the Adding voice to their arsenal of resources brings in
benefits of convergence are most apparent. At its simplest another radical new dimension.
level, it means that the Hong Kong office can
communicate with the Madrid office over a single network Education - the academic Intranet
connection. Cost has always set the agenda in the education sector.
Schools, colleges and universities fight a continuing battle
It also means that Hong Kong, Madrid, New York and to balance increasing demand with increasingly stretched
London can share a conference call over that same single resources.
network. If they choose to use video-conferencing, the
quality of the communication is improved still further. The administrative structure of the education service also
places a high demand on teachers and support staff. With
The cost savings are obvious. Quite apart from the call education at the top of the political agenda, radical
charges, they add up to large reductions in air travel solutions are being deployed to help meet government
expenses, hotel accommodation costs and subsistence objectives.
expenses, as well as in the sheer cost of the time lost while
highly-paid executives travel to meet each other. Technology is a central element of the new vision for
education. To illustrate the point, we can consider a large
There is a positive contribution to be made as well. The suburban secondary school. It has a flourishing sixth form
logistics of communication across the enterprise are a root college and a growing adult education centre.
cause of the problems we so often curse as breakdowns in
communication. Convergence makes a significant contribution to the
school in two broad areas. On the one hand, it has
VoIP technology makes picking up the telephone - or, brought about a significant reduction in costs. On the
alternatively, dialling from your computer - a routine way other hand, it has enabled new ways of creating income.
of communicating internationally. With the physical and
psychological barriers removed, information flows far The cost saving is achieved through an initiative by the
more freely around the organisation. Local Education Authority. All the schools and colleges in
its area are connected through a Wide Area Network
Productivity increases, errors are reduced and cycle times running an Intranet - a private, Internet-style network. At
speed up. Businesses large and small have already achieved first, this was used primarily for the exchange of
faster time to market - and substantial competitive administrative data. However, by deploying VoIP, the
LEA has enabled all schools to use the Web for
telephone calls as well.
By far the majority of telephone charges
incurred by our secondary school are for
calls made to the LEA or associated
organisations. Now those calls can be
made free of charge via the Intranet.
The school has also begun to
experiment with  distance-learning .
Sixth form students and mature
students have been able to listen and
contribute to lectures by dialling in
through their PCs.
In addition, the school can now attract
students from far beyond its normal
catchment area. It can also offer a wider and
more competitive range of studies, since
demand for less mainstream subjects is no
longer defined by geographical limitations.
8
Internal communications are also
improved. Using conference calling
technology, the chain s regional
directors can hold monthly
meetings of all their branch
managers without the managers
ever having to leave their stores.
Quite apart from the savings on
travel and accommodation charges,
the use of the telephone as a
medium concentrates the minds of
all those taking part, so that
the meeting is finished more
quickly and achieves more
in the way of firm decisions.
There are more examples of this
kind of electronic commerce in
Cisco s Easy Guide to E-commerce.
The private user
Like e-mail and the World Wide
Web, VoIP is an application that will
drive the Internet into the homes of
people who would not normally
have considered buying a PC.
Families once separated by
thousands of miles will be able to
rekindle their relationships through telephone calls made
Retail - the virtual department store
over the Internet.
By converging its computer networks and its telephone
networks, a chain of shops can be turned into a vast
With the world shrinking in economic terms, the pressures
virtual department store.
to travel far from home, on business trips or in search of
permanent employment, are stronger than they have ever
Like the schools and colleges, a large retail chain can use
been. The knowledge that being far away does not mean
Internet technology to link its various branches. Unlike the
being out of touch opens up more opportunities for people
education sector, however, a retailer may find it more cost-
to travel and reduces the stress for those who are a long
effective to create what is known as a Virtual Private
way from home.
Network (VPN).
Instead of dedicated lines to connect the branches, the
retailer can create a secure network that each branch can
access through the ISP. Although a charge is made for the
connection, it is still only a local call.
It is an approach that can revolutionise customer service.
If an item is out of stock, a glance at the network can show
the sales person if it is available elsewhere. The customer
no longer has to wait while a series of phone calls are
made. Better still, if the logistics are set up correctly, the
item could even be delivered later the same day.
9
Empowering convergence
For decades, the standard form of voice network Talking to your PC
management has been the PBX (private branch exchange), To make a VoIP call, you can choose from a wide variety
with its familiar switchboard console. of devices.
Today the PBX is becoming computer-based. The For those who feel most comfortable with traditional
traditional console is gone and the modern telephonist or technology, there are Internet telephones that contain all
receptionist uses a PC. With VoIP IP phones will plug into the software and hardware you need. Currently, these are
the data network as will fax machines. expensive machines, but, like video machines and PCs,
costs will fall as demand increases.
QoS - the Cisco Solution
As we have seen, the critical factor is Quality of Service. By far the most commonly used way of making a VoIP call
While computer networks are achieving peaks of is through a PC. For this you need the following:
efficiency and capacity, how can they provide the QoS
required for voice transmission without having to be
" A PC with a modem that supports voice and data, or
completely re-engineered?
that is connected to a network that includes multiservice
capabilities (such as a Cisco multiservice solution).
As pioneers of Internet technology, Cisco has developed
" A microphone and headset attached to the PC. A
solutions that combine the best of the existing systems
with revolutionary new ideas. The Cisco range
separate microphone and speakers can also be used,
incorporates a variety of solutions designed to provide
especially for conference calls.
data and voice integration for organisations of all sizes.
" The relevant voice and data transmission software.
They are based on proven Cisco routing and switching " A subscription to an Internet telephone service. As
technologies (see the Easy Guide to Networking). Cisco
the demand for VoIP increases, many network service
solutions include intelligent devices that can distinguish
providers will provide voice and data services within
between voice and data signals and allocate bandwidth
a single subscription.
accordingly. So even if you are transmitting a huge data
file - perhaps a presentation that includes moving images -
To make a call, you establish an Internet connection and
you can still make a voice call over the same network. If
dial the number you are calling using the telephony
you already have a Cisco IP network, upgrading to a full
software. Bandwidth is set aside within your local network
VoIP network may be as simple as adding dedicated Voice
for your call and transfers your voice data onto the
modules, or Cisco switching solutions that support QoS.
backbone. This may actually be a Frame Relay or ATM
connection, or even a combination of the two.
10
Beyond convergence
At the receiving end the recipient s local network can A new world of communication
either carry the call back onto an IP network or take it It could be argued that somewhere between the laws of
direct to a conventional telephone. For true QoS, the long- physics and the principles of economics lies the key to the
term scenario will involve one IP network calling another, human condition.
possibly with ATM or a similar technology running the
backbone. This will be particularly true for business-to- Psychologists talk about a  hierarchy of need , in which
business calls, where the internal network may well be social companionship is said to be crucial; only food,
entirely IP based. shelter and protection from harm by others are believed to
be more important to us. Technology is making this kind
Call centre systems of social interaction possible on a much larger scale,
The convergence of computer and voice services is because it makes it easier and cheaper.
currently most apparent in the call centre environment.
That s why technology is far more than simply a
Previously, call centres were used mainly by specialist fascinating array of ingenious devices. Something as
service companies or telesales teams. They required big simple as e-mail has already begun to remove international
and expensive voice switches, known as automated call barriers to communication. It s so easy and cheap to send
distributors (ACDs), to deal with the large volumes of a message now that people are far more inclined both to
incoming and outgoing calls. They had their own make contact and to respond.
dedicated computer systems that could only be linked to
the main enterprise network with complex software and VoIP will add a remarkable new dimension. Speech is our
hardware. most spontaneous and natural way of communicating - as
far as we know! By removing economic and technical
Today, an ACD can be a piece of software that runs on a barriers to speech, VoIP makes it almost as easy for us to
server. Companies employing less than ten people can talk to someone in Sydney as it is to someone at the next
make cost-effective use of call centre technology, if they desk.
make extensive use of the telephone to sell or provide
service. For businesses, the benefits are clear. Massive cost savings,
the ability to serve global markets, improved management
Call centre systems can now link seamlessly to the main and control; almost every area of business life is improved
computer systems. When a customer calls, the telephone by better communication.
system interrogates the customer database and
automatically presents details of the customer s account to The benefits to individuals are equally far reaching. A
the person taking the call. Probably one of the most company s ability to serve a global market means that
interesting areas is exactly how the internet will change the consumers can shop across the world if they want to.
support model especially with the growth of UK users and However, in a world divided by cultural, linguistic and
the ability to offer internet banking and other e-commerce even philosophical differences, the ability to communicate
based solutions. across these barriers will perhaps prove to be the most
valuable benefit of all.
Can you afford not to?
A vast range of other functions and services have been
made possible by data and voice convergence. Ingenious as
they are, their real significance is the opportunity they
present to the companies using them.
Above all, the economics of the technology are fast
making it a business imperative, rather than an interesting
new idea. The equipment itself is growing less expensive Want to know more?
and the huge cost savings mean that returns on investment For help and information, contact Cisco Systems on
are achieved very quickly. 0800 328 7719 or call a Cisco Reseller. If you already have
access to the Internet, you can find a choice of Cisco
For the business of the future, the choices will be much Resellers by visiting the Cisco Reseller locator site at
simpler. Instead of choosing a telephone system and a www.cisco.com/public/partnerlocator.shtml. Alternatively,
computer network, they will simply choose the integrated visit Cisco s homepage on the World Wide Web at
communications network that suits the way they work. http://www.cisco.com/uk
11
Glossary of Networking Terms
ACD Local Area Network (LAN)
(Automated Call Distributor): An intelligent switch (see below) that manages Workstations and computers that are connected in a
telephone traffic through call centres. specific work area in the same general location.
ATM Network Operating System (NOS)
(Asynchronous Transfer Mode): A high-speed networking technology that Software that manages the resources of a network; typically provides file
transmits various kinds of information (data, voice, video) and provides very sharing, e-mail, print services, security measures, etc.
granular QoS.
Node
Backbone Each of the individual computers or other devices on the network.
The part of the network that carries the heaviest traffic; it connects LANs,
Packet
either within a building or across a city or region.
To enable many computer files (and voice transmissions) to be carried at
Bandwidth once, the files are broken into smaller pieces of data known as packets.
The maximum amount of data that a network cable can carry, measured in
PBX
bits per second (bps).
(Private branch exchange): The switch at the heart of a telephone network
Browser within an organisation.
A software package used to search information posted on the Web; Netscape
POP
and Microsoft Internet Explorer are the most popular browsers.
(Point of presence): ISPs (see above) provide local points of connection to
CTI their networks. Wherever you are within the country or region served by the
(Computer telephony integration): Software that enables computer networks ISP, you can connect to the network paying only local call rates.
and telephone networks to work together. Often used in call centres to provide
QoS
agents with call specific data.
(Quality of Service). Technologies which provide the ability to offer a different
Convergence level of service to different types of data traffic eg. voice.
The coming together of computer networks with telephone networks,
Router
enabling organisations to communicate over a single network.
A device that connects multiple networks; and intelligently routes packets
Extranet between them.
If you have an Intranet, you can turn part of it into an Extranet by allowing
Server
customers, suppliers and other key people secure access to the areas they
A network node that provides services to client PCs, for example, file access,
need.
print spooling or remote application execution.
Frame Relay
Switch
Another high-speed networking protocol, often used for backbone
The devices that conducts traffic (in the form of packets, see above) around a
connections.
network. The latest switches can distinguish between data and voice packets
Home page to ensure QoS for the voice communication.
The main page of a Website and the first screen that a visitor sees displayed
URL
when connecting to that site; usually has links to other pages, both within that
Uniform Resource Locator, the standard way to write the address of a specific
site and to other sites.
site or piece of information on the Web; for example,
Hub http://www.cisco.com/uk
The central connection point for a group of nodes; useful for centralised
Virtual Private Network (VPN)
management, the ability to isolate nodes from disruption and extending the
A WAN which functions as a LAN. Geographically remote locations can
distance of LAN coverage.
communicate over public networks such as the Internet while enjoying the
Internet privacy, speed and availability of a local connection.
The global network of computers, routers and cable connections that enables
Voice over IP (VoIP)
the world's computers to connect to each other.
The facility to have a telephone conversation via an IP network. You can
Intranet connect to your local point-of-presence and call someone on the other side
An internal network that uses the same technology as the Internet to connect of the world, paying only local rates for the call or alternatively pass inter-
its users, most notably employing browsers to provide a common interface. office voice traffic person-to-person call or fax-to-fax call across the data
Intranets can stretch around the world. network.
IP Wide Area Network (WAN)
 Internet Protocol . The standard by which individual computers A geographically dispersed network that connects two or more locations
communicate on the Internet. All computers with Internet access are given a typically involves dedicated high-speed data circuits.
unique  address consisting of four numbers separated by dots ( dotted-
World Wide Web
quad ).
The vast pool of information and resources that is most widely used to
ISDN communicate and trade via the Internet.
Integrated Services Digital Network, a telecommunications standard for
sending data signals, digitised voice and video over the existing Public
Switched Telephone Network.
ISP
(Internet Service Provider): A company that provides access to the Internet.
Increasingly, telephone network operators are also acting as ISPs.
12
Cisco Systems Ltd.
3 The Square
Stockley Park
Uxbridge
Middlesex
UB11 1BN
Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
Cisco Systems has more than 200 offices in the following countries. Addresses, phone numbers and fax numbers are listed on the
Ci sco Connect i on Onl i ne Web si t e at ht t p: / / www. ci sco. com/ uk
Argentina " Australia " Austria " Belgium " Brazil " Canada " Chile " China (PRC) " Columbia " Costa Rica " Czech Republic " Denmark
England " France " Germany " Greece " Hungary " India " Indonesia " Ireland " Israel " Italy " Japan " Korea " Luxembourg
Malaysia " Mexico " The Netherlands " New Zealand " Norway " Peru " Philippines " Poland " Portugal " Russia " Saudi Arabia
Scotland " Singapore " South Africa " Spain " Sweden " Switzerland " Taiwan, ROC " Thailand " Turkey " United Arab Emirates
United States " Venezuela
Copywrite © Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in UK. CiscoIOS is a trademark; and Cisco, Cisco Systems, and the Cisco Systems logo are registered trademarks of Cisco
Systems, Inc. in the U.S. and certain other countries. All other trademarks mentioned in this document are the property of their respective owners.
UK EGVoIP 6/99