Word list units 1 25


1 - 6 & handouts

to take pot luck

choose sth or go somewhere without knowing very much about it, but hope that it will be good, pleasant, etc.

by rights

if justice were done

slip one's mind

forget sth or forget to do sth

to pick someone's brains

to ask sb a lot of questions about sth because they know more about the subject than you do

within earshot

near enough to hear sb/sth or to be heard

to bark up the wrong tree

to have the wrong idea about how to get or achieve sth

to push one's luck

to take a risk because you have successfully avoided problems in the past

left, right and centre

in all directions; everywhere

sprawl

a part of a city that starts to spread into the countryside in a way tat is ugly and not carefully planned

disparity

difference between two things

merge

to combine or make two or more things combine to form a single thing

urban dweller

a person living in the city

farmland

land that is used for farming

egalitarian

based on, or holding, the belief that everyone is equal and should have the same rights and opportunities

tipping point

the critical point in an evolving situation that leads to a new and irreversible situation

unprecedented

never having happened or existed before

marginal

by only a very small amount

cluster

to form a small, close group

rebuke

to speak severely to sb because they have done sth wrong

invariably

always

torrent

a large amount of sth that comes suddenly and violently

foul-mouthed

swearing too much

damage

an amount of money that a court decides should be paid to sb by the person, company, etc. that has caused them harm or injury

bobby on the bit

policeman on duty

predicament

problem

expatriate

sb who lives in other country

salvation *final salvation*

the state of being saved from the power of evil

cease

to stop happening or existing

bank holiday

a public holiday, for example Christmas Day, New Year's Day

law-abiding

obeying and respecting the law

cut a dash

to look very impressive and attractive in particular clothes (old-fashioned)

be / come to the fore

to be / become important and noticed by people, to play an important part

mere

used to emphasize that sth is not large or important

mitigation

a reduction in how unpleasant, serious etc. sth is (formal)

prophecy, forecast

prediction

plight

a difficult and sad situation

relatively

fairly, quite

vulnerable

weak and easily hurt physically or emotionally

levy

an extra amount of money that has to be paid, especially as a tax to the government

fraction

a small part or amount of sth

scheme

an officially organized plan or system

spur

to encourage an activity or development or make it happen faster

poignant

having a strong effect on your feeling, especially in a way that makes you feel sad, moving

aid

help

relocation

moving from one place to another

crouch

to squat, to bend

chase

to run after, to pursuit

trapped

to be cornered; to be caught

land

to touch down, to disembark

label

name, categorize

fragile

delicate, frail, weak

be on the breadline

be very poor

live in the lap of luxury

live an extremely comfortable life

well off / well to do / well heeled

having plenty of money

spend money like water

spend too much, often without thinking about it

tighten your belt

spend less than you did before, economize

make a killing

earn a lot of money very easily

be a money spinner

be a successful way of making money

pay through the nose

pay a lot of money

be a rip-off

sth that is not worth the money tat you paid for it

(spend / cost) a small fortune

a lot of money (informal)

pick up the tab / bill

pay for sth, often sth that is not your responsibility (informal)

at a considerable price

by sacrificing a lot or by doing sth unpleasant in order to get it

put paid to

stop someone from doing sth that they were planning to do

pay the price for

experience the unpleasant consequences of

spent money like there was no tomorrow

spend money like water

move the goalposts

change the rules

be in the saddle

be in charge

blow hot and cold

someone who does it is enthusiastic at one time and not at another

bloke

boyfriend (informal)

spectacles / specs

glasses

PTO

please turn over

RSVP

reply please

FYI

for your information

AFK

away from keyboard

EZ

easy

pcm

per calendar month

excl

excluding

pw

per week

f/f

fully furnished

s/c

self-contained (has all it needs within itself)

n/s

non-smoking

prof

professional

all mod cons

all modern conveniences

ch

central heating

d/g

double garage

o.n.o

or nearest offer

amber

yellowy-orange precious stone

lexicon

vocabulary

linguistic consequences

results affecting language

roster

list of people's turns for jobs

tabby

female or stripy cat

gimmick

frivolous way of attracting attention

tonic

medicine to make you feel more lively

cot

child's bed with high vertical sides

mumps

a childhood illness

hara-kiri

type of ceremonial suicide

palaver

unnecessary trouble

intelligentsia

social class of intellectuals

hammock

net hung and used as a bed

turban

type of men's headwear

end up

finish

upend

move into a vertical position

hold up

delay

uphold

confirm, support

do out

decorate

outdo

do better than

7 - At work: colleagues and routines

be one's opposite number

have the same position; do the same job as one

rapport

communication / relationship

talk shop

talk about work (informal)

hierarchical

gave a structure with powerful and less powerful people

pecking-order

a system where some people have the right to get benefits / promotions before others

do a job-share

have a 50% contract for the same job

clock in / out

use an electronic card to record the time one arrives and leaves job each day

nine-to-five job

work fixed hours

be on / work flexi-time

not to have fixed working hours

(work) freelance

work for different companies at different times

meet a deadline

have sth finished by a fixed day / time

heavy workload

amount of work one has to do

mechanical (work)

don't have to think about what you are doing

repetitive

the same thing every day

knock off

finish work (e.g. at 3 pm)

monotonous

boring because it never changes

manual

hard and physically

vocational (work)

which helps people

glamorous

very exciting, which everyone admires

irregular and antisocial

do not enable one to have a normal social life

stuck behind a desk

sit in an office all day (informal)

stuck in a rut

stuck in a job one can't escape from

dead-end job

job without prospects of promotion

8 - At work: career and promotion

achiever

person determined to succeed and achieve great things

basic

guaranteed minimum salary without overtime or bonuses

drive

strong motivation

rewarding

giving you a lot back

close-knit

working in a close relationship

fit description

have certain qualities

to look to work in

to hope to work in

maternity / paternity leave

time away from work to have a new baby

perk (informal) / (extra) benefits (formal)

extra things apart from salary e.g. a car

holiday entitlement

number of days you have the right to take as holiday

reach / hit a glass ceiling

reach level where you cannot get further promotion

overworked and underpaid

often said together as a humorously fixed expression

9 - Business I

tlesales / telemarketing

selling or marketing goods and services by phone

cold-calling

phoning people who have not requested a call in order to try to sell them sth

hard sell

attempt to sell sth by being very forceful

inertia selling

when a company behaves as if you agreed to buy sth because you did not actually refuse it

confusion marketing

selling products and services in a package, in a way that makes it very difficult to work out which company is cheapest

loss leader

when some items are sold very cheaply just to attract a lot of people into the shop where they will also buy more profitable items

niche market

market selling specialised items for customers with particular interests

brand locality

confidence in that particular make and a tendency always to choose it

shop around

try different companies or shops to see which offers best value

buy sth on approval

have the right to return it if it is not satisfactory

first refusal on sth

the right to decide whether to accept or refuse sth before it is offered to others

come / go under the hammer

sale of goods at an auction

red tape

bureaucracy (negative)

merging

joining together to form one new company

reach a compromise

come to an agreement in which both sides have to give in a little bit on what they would have otherwise liked

hammer out a deal

talk seriously and in detail until a business agreement is made

swallow up

take over by a larger company (slightly negative)

entrepreneurship / ˌɒntr ə prə ˈnɜːʃɪp /

involvement in business and taking financial risks

capital assets

buildings and machines owned by a company

10 - Business II

to put in / submit a tender

to supply a written offer to do a job for an agreed price

to win a tender

to be given a job, after submitting a tender

to meet / miss a deadline

to supply / fail to supply sth by the agreed time

a penalty clause

part of a contract specifying what will happen if an agreement is broken

an outstanding account

an account that has not yet been paid

to default on a payment

to fail to pay sth that had been agreed

to acknowledge receipt

to inform the sender when sth is received

morale

amount of confidence felt by a person or group

flaw

weakness

11 - Cramming for success: study and academic work

cram

study intensively for a short time

rote-learning

learning purely by repetition

mnemonics / nɪ ˈmɒn ɪks /

tricks that help you remember sth

bury yourself in your books

spend the maximum time studying

know the subject inside out

know the subject completely

composition

50 up to 100 words, often used to refer to children's work

essay

longer than a composition, more serious, hundreds or even thousands of words

assignment

a long essay, often part of a course, usually thousands of words

project

like an assignment, but emphasis on student's own material and topic

portfolio

a collection of individual pieces of work, not necessarily written

dissertation / ˌdɪs ə ˈteɪʃ ən /

a long, research-based work, 10 to 15.000 words, for a degree or diploma

thesis

a very long, original, research-based work, perhaps 80 to 100.000 words, for a higher degree (e.g. PhD)

mind-map

diagram that lays out ideas for the topic and how they are connected to one another

plagiarism

/ ˈpleɪdʒ ə ˌrɪz əm /

using other people's work as if it was yours

submit

hand in (formal)

feedback

comments from the teacher / tutor

carry out

do

inter-library loan

system where libraries exchange books/journals with one another

drop out

leave the course before the end because they cannot cope

finals

the last exams before receiving a degree

fall behind with

find yourself far behind other students

breeze through the exams

do exams calmly and efficiently

get the hang of sth

understand sth

go blank

become empty

12 - Education: debates and issues

equality of opportunity

when everyone has the same chances

selective (debate)

pupils take exams for debate entry

comprehensive (debate)

everyone enters without exams

schooling

education received at school

elitism

when you favour a small, privileged group

inherent in sth

existing as a basic part of sth

league tables

lists of schools or colleges from the best down to the worst

perpetuate

make sth continue forever

two-tier system

a system whit two separate levels, one of which is better than the other

better-off

richer

well-endowed (schools)

receiving a lot of money in grants, gifts from rich people, etc.

depressing

reducing

syllabus

a list of the topics, books, etc. that students should study in a particular subject at school or college

excel

achieve an excellent standard

the three Rs

reading, writing and arithmetic, the traditional, basic skills

literacy & numeracy

ability to read & count

curriculum reform

changes to the educational programme, e.g. the national syllabus

lifelong / continuing education

education for all ages

mature student

adult student older than the average student

special needs education

education for children who cannot learn in the normal way

one-to-one

one teacher and one pupil

provision

the act of supplying sb with sth that they need or want; sth that is supplied

PTA

group consisting of teachers and parents who meet regularly

school governors

group which oversees all the business of the school

supply teacher

teacher who works in a school when needed e.g. if someone is sick

peripatetic teacher / ˌper ɪ pə ˈtet ɪk /

teacher who works in different schools and travels between them

13 - Talking about yourself

opportunistic

using situations for own benefit

methodical

systematic, careful

chauvinistic

too patriotic

to get carried away

become too excited and lose control

obliging

ready to help

gallant

(of man) polite to women

superficial

not caring about things that upset offend people

sagacious

wise

intuitive

understanding instinctively

procrastinate

delay doing sth

placid

calm, does not easily become excited or angry

plagued by worry / pleɪɡd /

troubled or distressed by

magnetic personality

personality tht attracts people to you

self-seeking

wanting to gain advantage for oneself

shrewd / ʃruːd /

having good judgement

flashy

expensive or impressive

altruistic

thinking of others rather than oneself

morose

gloomy

sharp-tongued

inclined to speak in a severe and critical way

a fault-finder

critical personality

downfall

cause of destruction

adj. affectionate /əˈfekʃənət/ n. affection

showing caring feelings and love for sb

stingy /ˈstɪndʒi/

not given or giving willingly; not generous, especially with money

unstinting

given or giving generously

immoderate

extreme; not reasonable

astute

very clever and quick at seeing what to do in a particular situation, especially how to get an advantage

sly

(disapproving) acting or done in a secret or dishonest way, often intending to trick people

resolute, dogged

having or showing great determination, not giving up easily

mulish /ˈmjuːlɪʃ/

stubborn

sober

serious

sullen, morose

bad-tempered and not speaking, either on a particular occasion or because it is part of your character

thrifty, frugal

careful about spending money and not wasting things

parsimonious

/ˌpɑːsɪˈməʊniəs/ (formal)

extremely unwilling to spend money

pithy (approving) (of a comment, piece of writing, etc.)

short but expressed well and full of meaning

terse /tɜːs/

using few words and often not seeming polite or friendly

unprincipled, unscrupulous

without moral principles, dishonest

thick-skinned

(of a person) not easily upset by criticism or unkind comments

lowbrow

having no connection with or interest in serious artistic or cultural ideas

14 - Relationships: positive aspects

only have eyes for someone

be only attracted to someone

platonic relationship

affectionate relationship between people of the opposite sex that is not sexual

be infatuated with

be romantically obsessed with

be besotted with

to be almost stupidly or blindly in love with

hit it off

liked each other the moment we met

lifelong companion

friend who is with one all one's life

a man/woman after one's own heart

someone you admire because they do or think the same as you

to get on like a house on fire

have a very good, enjoyable relationship

bosom friends / buddies / pals

very close, good friends

kindred spirits

people who are very similar to each other in the way they think

a well-matched couple

couple that seems to be perfect

family ties

family bonds

adj. amiable /ˈeɪmiəbl/ n. amiability

/ˌeɪmiəˈbɪləti/

pleasant; friendly and easy to like

adj. considerate, n. consideration

always thinking of other people's wishes and feelings; careful not to hurt or upset others

adj. fond, n. fondness

finding sth pleasant or enjoyable, especially sth you have liked or enjoyed for a long time

15 - Relationships: problems

ally /ˈælaɪ/

a person who helps and supports sb who is in a difficult situation, especially a politician

casual acquaintance

person you know, but not very well

supportive

always supports you

supportive

critical

allies

countries which fight on the same side

bitter rivals

people in competition with each other in an aggressive and negative way

staunch

strong and loyal in your opinions and attitude

discord

disagreement and discontent

not to see eye to eye

have different opinions

turn sour

become bad

to have one's ups and downs

have good and bad times

bumpy relationship

up and down like a car on a road with bumps

family feud /fjuːd/

quarrel in a family causing bad feeling for many years

a broken home

family split up by divorce

16 - Passions: reactions and emotions

crave / have a craving for

to have a very strong desire for sth

hanker after / have a hankering for

to have a strong desire for sth you usually cannot have

thirst / have a thirst for / hunger for

a strong desire for sth

yearn to do / yearn for / have a yearning for

desire for something that you don't have and, often, can never have

to covet

to want to possess sth very much

defuse

make a dangerous or tense situation calmer

placate

stop someone feeling angry

conciliate

end a disagreement between two people or groups by acting in a friendly way towards both sides

appease

end a disagreement by giving the other side an advantage that they are demanding (used in disapproving way)

implacable

used about someone's opinions and feelings and means that they cannot be changed

to rejoice

be extremely happy

exultant

feeling great pleasure and happiness, usually because of a success

jubilant

expressing great happiness especially at a victory

rapture, adj rapturous

extreme pleasure or happiness

bliss, (adj blissful, adv blissfully happy / ignorant / unaware)

perfect happiness

full of the joys of spring

extremely happy

thrilled to bits

very happy

feel on top of the world / be over the moon / to be on cloud nine

to feel extremely happy

float / walk on air

to feel very happy

tantrum

a sudden short period of angry, unreasonable behaviour, especially in a child

17 - Feelings: antipathies and aversions

antipathy

feeling of strong, often active, dislike or opposition towards something or someone

hostile

very unfriendly or aggressive and ready to argue or fight

unsympathetic

not easy to like, unpleasant, ~to / towards sth not in agreement with sth not supporting an idea

(have / feel an) aversion (to)

feeling of intense dislike or an unwillingness to do sth

pet aversion

the thing you dislike the most

averse to

opposed to, usually used with not *I'm not averse to a good night out*

n. loathing, adj. loathsome, v. loathe

intense hatred

n. abhorrence, adj. abhorrent, v. abhor

intense disgust

n. scorn, adj scornful, v. scorn

lack of respect for sth or someone felt to be worthless

n. revolution, adj revolting, v. revolt

strong disgust

n. repulsion, adj repulsive, v. repulse

a feeling of very strong dislike of sth that you find extremely unpleasant

bland

lacking taste, character or interest (food, etc.)

brash

too confident, too bright (clothes, etc.)

dowdy

dull in appearance or lacking style (clothes, person, especially of woman)

fickle

changing opinions suddenly without reason

fuddy-duddy

old-fashioned

grasping

always wanting more money

nit-picking

meticulous, too concerned about unimportant details

obnoxious

unpleasant and rude

obsequious

too eager to praise or obey people

off hand

showing rude lack of interest in others

officious

too eager to tell others what to do

ostentatious

displaying wealth or possessions in a vulgar way

pompous

too formal and showing that you think that you are more important than other people

pretentious

trying to appear more serious or important than you really are

puerile

too silly and childish

sloppy

not taking care in the way you work

squalid

very dirty and unpleasant

trite

lacking in originality, banal

18 - Observing others: appearance and mannerisms

pick one's nose

removing dirt from it with finger

scrawny

unattractively thin and bony-looking

lanky

very tall and thin, and usually moving awkwardly

gangling / gangly

with long, thin arms and legs and rather awkward movements, often used of man and boys

portly

with fat stomach and chest, often used humorously about older man

stout

with a quite fat, solid body

corpulent

fat

unkempt

untidy, scruffy

never a hair out of place

hair that is always neat and tidy

swarthy

dark-colured, used about skin

sallow

yellowish and unhealthy-looking

haggard

showing tiredness and age, with the skin hanging in folds, about face

pout

push out your lips, to show you are annoyed or to look sexually attractive

grimace

make an expression of pain or strong dislike

scowl

give a bad-tempered, angry look

leer

to look or smile at sb in an unpleasant way that shows an evil or sexual interest in them

fold one's arms

cross one arm over the other close to one's body

19 - Observing others: character traits

adj. impetuous, n. impetuousness/impetuosity

acts on a sudden idea without thinking first (negative)

impulsive

acts on a sudden idea (positive)

effusive

gives exaggerated expression of pleasure, praise or gratitude

excitable

easily excited

pushy

always selfishly promoting one's own position or interests (informal)

adj. garrulous, n. garrulousness / garrulity

talks too much, especially about unimportant things

taciturn

reserved or says very little (negative)

introvert

inward-looking and quiet

extrovert

outward-looking and sociable

diffident

lacks confidence, has a low opinion of himself

aloof

unfriendly and not sociable

haughty

unfriendly and thinks oneself better than others

adj. disdainful, n. disdain

does not believe others deserve respect

(un-) approachable

(not) easy to be sociable with or start a conversation with

conceited

thinks oneself wonderful

self-important

has an exaggerated sense of oneself importance

flirt

makes constant romantic approaches

gullible

easily deceived

conscientious

always taking oneself very seriously

adj. pig-headed, n. pig-headedness

obstinate (more disapproving)

unscrupulous

lacking in moral principles, prepared to do very bad things

scrupulous

extremely hones and not wanting to do wrong

20 - Birth and death: from cradle to grave

make medical history

do sth medically very unusual

deliver

help mother to give birth

Caesarean section

operation in which mother's stomach and womb are cut to allow baby to be born

foetus

a young human or animal before it is born

fallopian tube

one of the two tubes in the body of a woman or female animal along which eggs pass from the ovaries to the utevrus

bequest

money or property that you ask to be given to a particular person when you die

placenta

tissue joining the foetus i.e. the developing baby, to the mother and giving it food

uterus

womb (medical)

ectopic pregnancy

when the egg develops outside the womb in the fallopian tubes, which link the ovaries to the womb

ovary

either of the two organs in a woman's body that produce eggs

conceive (a child)

become pregnant

termination

intentional ending of a pregnancy, usually by a medical operation (aka abortion)

miscarriage

the process of giving birth to a baby before it is fully developed and able to survive

labour

the period of time or the process of giving birth to a baby

fertilise

to join sperm with an egg so that a baby or young animal develops

to live to a ripe old age

living well into old age

late

now dead

sheltered accommodation

special housing, usually for old people, where care staff also live

to keep/have all one's wits about one

to be able to think and react quickly

cremation

service where a dead body is burned

to scatter ashes

throw the remains of body after cremation

obituary

newspaper article giving details about the lives of people who have died

to be close to death (informal)

to be at death's door, to be on one's last legs

to die

to pass away, to pass on, to perish

fatalities

dead people

slaughter

kill violently

the deceased

the dead person

to bequeath

to leave sth

to die intestate

to die without having made a will

21 - Free time: relaxation and leisure

rewarding

giving a lot of positive experiences

fruitful

producing good results

therapeutic

making one healthy in body and/or mind

time-consuming

taking a lot of time

culture vulture

big fan of anything cultural

couch potato

physically very inactive person

dabbler

person who never keeps doing one activity for long

doer

person who believes in acting and doing things, not just thinking

Shopa-, worka-, chocka- holic

person addicted to...

split fifty / fifty

divided quality

be into

take great interest in / be very involved in

go off

stop linking / lost interest in

lock oneself away

isolate oneself from the world

be hooked on

be addicted to

get up to *what do you get up to at weekends?*

do (informal)

(have a) full diary

(to have) a lot of commitments / activities

22 - All the rage: clothes and fashion

scruff

dirty and untidy person

pastel

in pale colours

power outfits

formal clothes to make you seem powerful

frumpy

old-fashioned and boring

outfit

set of clothes for a particular occasion

dress code

accepted way of dressing in a particular social group

dress down *in offices many staff dress down on Friday*

wear less formal clothes

smart-casual clothes

clothes that are informal but clean, tidy and stylish

dressy

suitable for formal occasions

skimpy

close-fitting, using little material

baggy

loose, e.g. of sweater

snazzy

modern, stylish

designer / label clothes

clothes produced by popular brands

(buy clothes) off the peg / rack clothes / on the high street

(buy clothes) made to a standard average size and not made especially to fit you

be all the rage

be very fashionable

the height of fashion

an extremely fashionable way

up-to-the-minute

dealing with the most recent trends

set a new trend for

start a new fashion

ahead of ones time

have new ideas or opinions before the are fashionable

catch on

become popular

slave of / to fashion

someone who is strongly influenced by fashion

(speak) off the cuff

(speak) without having prepared anything

to be hand in glove with someone

to have a close working relationship with someone

to have / take the shirt of someone's back

someone's last possession

to do sth on a shoestring

spending as little as possible

without frills

simple and plain

to put someone in a straitjacket

restrict someone's freedom

to wear the trousers

to be the dominant partner in a marriage

dagger

a short pointed knife that is used as a weapon

frill

a narrow strip of cloth with a lot of folds that is attached to the edge of a dress, curtain, etc. to decorate it

cloak

a type of coat that has no sleeves, fastens at the neck and hangs loosely from the shoulders, worn especially in the past

hem sb / sth in

to surround sb/sth so that they cannot move or grow easily

be bursting / bulging at the seams (informal)

to be very full, especially of people

cloak in sth

to cover or hide sth

a feather (pióro) in ones cap

an action that you can be proud of

23 - Homestyles, lifestyles

a squat

an empty building where people start living without the owner's permission

a hovel

a very poor, dirty house or flat in a bad condition

a pied a terre

a small flat or house in a city owned or rented by people in addition to their main home and used when they are visiting the city

a penthouse

a luxury flat at the top of a building

council housing

flats provided by the state for people who cannot afford to buy their own homes

high-rise flat

a flat in a tall, modern building with a lot of floors

a granny flat

a set of rooms for an elderly person, connected to a relative's house

minimalism

a style which involves using the smallest possible range of materials, colours etc.

post-modernism

a style of architecture, the arts which includes features from several different periods

New Age

a way of life and thinking includes a wide range of beliefs and activities e.g. alternative medicine, astrology

subsistence farming

farming where people live by growing just enough foood for their own family

a household word / name

sth everyone knows

(a drink) on the house

a free (drink)

home truths

information that is true but not pleasant or welcome

nothing to write home about

nothing special

hit home

become fully understood or fully felt

That's the story of my life

that's what always happens to me (used humorously)

have the time of your lie

have a wonderful time

get a new lease of life

become more energetic and active than before

a dog's life

a very unhappy and difficult life

24 - Socialising and networking

A housewarming (party)

a party to celebrate moving to a new house or flat

a launch (party)

a party to celebrate the publication of a new book or product

a stag party

a party before a wedding for the future husband and his male friends

a girls' night out / a hen party

an evening just for female friends spent at a restaurant, theatre or club, a hen party is usually just before one of them gets married

a reception

a formal party, e.g. after a wedding or to meet an important visitor

a black / white tie event

a formal party at which men have to wear black / white bow ties

socialising

meeting people purely for pleasure

networking

making contacts that will be useful to one's business or career

old school tie / old boy network

contacts made by the children of the traditional ruling class while at expensive private schools

pro-active

taking action yourself rather than waiting for sth to happen

put oneself about

make oneself visible in the hope of being noticed by someone important and, thus, help oneself to climb the career ladder

to hobnob

to be friendly with someone who is important or famous (negative)

to rub shoulders with

to mix socially with people who are famous (informal)

hang out with / knock around with

spend social time with

a bash / do / get-together / booze up

a party (last one connects with drinking a lot of alcohol)

outstay one's welcome

stay too long

party animal

someone who loves going to parties

party pooper

someone who spoils parties by being disapproving or miserable

go out on the town

enjoy the entertainments in a town e.g. pubs, bars, clubs

chummy / pally

friendly

a clique,

v. be cliquey

a small group of people who spend time together and do not allow others to in them (disapproving)

be an item

have a romantic relationship

stay someone up *I'd drop him if he ever stood me up*

fail to turn up for a date

go on a pub crawl

go clubbing

25 - The performance arts: reviews & critiques

hackneyed

done so often it is boring

impenetrable

complex and impossible to understand

disjointed

unconnected and not in a clear order

far-fetched

impossible to believe

risqué

slightly immoral and likely to shock some people

harrowing

extremely upsetting

memorable

you remember it long after

understated

done or expressed in a simple but attractive way

panned

very negatively criticised

lauded

highly praised

the play bombed

the play was a failure

up-and-coming

likely to become very famous or successful

be miscast

be the wrong person for the role

typecast

always associated with that type of role

rendition

performance on a specific occasion

portrayal *The actor's portrayal of the mother*

the picture an actor created



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