Old English Period
Manuscript- collection of many scripts brought together/written document that is put down by hand-Beowulf,The Exeter Book,Vercelli Book,Junius Manuscript
Wyrd-is a concept in Old English culture roughly corresponding to fate or personal destiny. The word is ancestral to Modern English weird, which retains its original meaning only dialectally.
Scop-Old English poet who was creating memories about the leader and his warrior
Heroic code of behaviour-the features of the hero:courage,loyalty,devotion to his overlord,generosity counted most,whereas cowardice was the most abominable.
Heroic poetry-narrative verse that is elevated in mood and uses a dignified, dramatic, and formal style to describe the deeds of aristocratic warriors and rulers. It is usually composed without the aid of writing and is chanted or recited to the accompaniment of a stringed instrument.
Elegy-reflexive,serious,sad poem.A poem of mourning,a refrlection on the death of someone or a sorrow generally.
Charms-everything what is connected with magic (like:spell,prayer,blessing)
Ubi sunt motif-is a phrase taken from the Latin Ubi sunt qui ante nos fuerunt?, meaning "Where are those who were before us?" Ubi nunc...?, "where now?", is a common variant and begins several Latin medieval poems.
Caedmon-s the earliest English poet whose name is known. He became a zealous monk and an accomplished and inspirational religious poet.He wrote poetic narrative versions of biblical stories-Hymn of Creation,Genesis,Christ and Satan.
Cynewulf-a later poet(8th century)signed the poems: Elene,Juliana,Samson,The Fates of the Apostles.The finest poet of the school of Cynewulf is The Dream of The Rood.
Orosius-was a Christian historian, theologian and student of Augustine of Hippo from Gallaecia. He is best known for his Historiarum Adversum Paganos Libri VII ("Seven Books of History Against the Pagans"), which he wrote in response to the belief that the decline of the Roman Empire was the result of its adoption of Christianity.
The Venerable Będę- was a monk at the Northumbrian monastery of Saint Peter. He is well known as an author and scholar, and his most famous work, Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum (The Ecclesiastical History of the English People) gained him the title "The Father of English History".
King Alfred the Great-was King of Wessex from 871 to 899. Alfred is noted for his defence of the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of southern England against the Vikings, becoming the only English king to be given the epithet "the Great".Alfred was a learned man who encouraged education and improved his kingdom's legal system and military structure.
- iotechnologiiThe Middle English
Courtly love-conception of nobly and chivalrously expressing love and admiration.Generally, courtly love was secret and between members of the nobility.It was also generally not practiced between husband and wife.
Chivarlic romance-is a style of heroic prose and verse narrative that was popular in the aristocratic circles of High Medieval and Early Modern Europe. They were fantastic stories about the marvelous adventures of a chivalrous, heroic knight errant, often of super-human ability, who often goes on a quest.
Ballad-is a form of verse, often a narrative and set to music. Ballads were particularly characteristic of British and Irish popular poetry and song from the later medieval period until the 19th century. Many ballads were written and sold as single sheet broadsides.A story in a song.
Fabliau-is a comic, often anonymous tale written by jongleurs in northeast France in the 13th and 14th centuries. They are generally bawdy in nature, and several of them were reworked by Giovanni Boccaccio for the Decamerone and by Geoffrey Chaucer for his Canterbury Tales. Some 150 French fabliaux are extant, the number depending on how narrowly fabliau is defined.
Beast Fable-usually a short story or poem in which animals talk, is a traditional form of allegorical writing. It is a type of fable in which human behaviour and weaknesses are subject to scrutiny by reflection into the animal kingdom.
Bestiary-Bestiarum vocabulum is a compendium of beasts. Bestiaries were made popular in the Middle Ages in illustrated volumes that described various animals, birds and even rocks. The natural history and illustration of each beast was usually accompanied by a moral lesson.
Reverdie-is an old French poetic genre, which celebrates the arrival of spring. Literally, it means "re-greening". Often the poet will encounter Spring, symbolized by a beautiful woman.First 19 lines of Cantenbury Tales.
Allegory-is a figurative mode of representation conveying a meaning other than the literal. Allegory teaches a lesson through symbolism. Allegory communicates its message by means of symbolic figures, actions or symbolic representation.
Dream vision- is a literary genre, literary device or literary convention in which the narrator falls asleep and dreams. In the dream there is usually a guide, who imparts knowledge (often about religion or love) that the dreamer could not have learned otherwise. After waking, the narrator usually resolves to share this knowledge with other people.
Exemplum-is a moral short story, brief or extended, real or fictitious, used to illustrate a point. Basically telling a story to teach a moral.
Homily-is a commentary that follows a reading of scripture.
Sermon-is an oration by a prophet or member of the clergy. Sermons address a Biblical, theological, religious, or moral topic, usually expounding on a type of belief, law or behavior within both past and present contexts. Elements of preaching include exposition, exhortation and practical application.
Dance macabre-is a late-medieval allegory on the universality of death: no matter one's station in life, the dance of death unites all. La Danse Macabre consists of the personified death leading a row of dancing figures from all walks of life to the grave, typically with an emperor, king, youngster, and beautiful girl—all skeletal. They were produced to remind people of how fragile their lives and how vain the glories of earthly life were.
Psychomachia-the fight between the good and the evil forces for the soul of man.(Mankind,The Castle of Perseverance)
Renaissance
Shakespesrean sonnet-A Shakespearean, or English, sonnet consists of 14 lines, each line containing ten syllables and written in iambic pentameter, in which a pattern of an unemphasized syllable followed by an emphasized syllable is repeated five times. The rhyme scheme in a Shakespearean sonnet is a-b-a-b, c-d-c-d, e-f-e-f, g-g; the last two lines are a rhyming couplet.
Elizabethan drama-refers to the plays produced while Queen Elizabeth reigned in England, from 1558 until 1603. It was during this time that the public began attending plays in large numbers. The opening of several good-sized playhouses was responsible for this increased patronage, the largest and most famous of which was the Globe theater, home to many of Shakespeare's works.
University wits-were members of a group of notable English playwrights of the late 16th century. Notable institutions associated with the University wits are the universities of Oxford and Cambridge; the only exception is Thomas Kyde. This diverse and talented loose association of London writers and dramatists set the stage for the theatrical Renaissance of Elizabethan England.
Overreacher-a kind of hero who can sacrify everything to get rich.
Cavalier Poetry is use of direct language which expresses a highly individualistic personality. In more detail, the Cavaliers, while writing, accept the ideal of the Renaissance Gentleman who is at once a lover, a soldier, witty, a man of affairs, a musician, and a poet, but abandon the notion of his being also a pattern of Christian chivalry.
Metaphysical poets-were a loose group of British lyric poets of the 17th century, who shared an interest in metaphysical concerns and a common way of investigating them, and whose work was characterized by inventiveness of metaphor (these involved comparisons being known as metaphysical conceits). These poets were not formally affiliated; most of them did not even know or read each other. Their poetry was influenced greatly by the changing times, new sciences and the new found debauched scene of the 17th century.
Wit-is a form of intellectual humour, and a wit is someone skilled in making witty remarks. Forms of wit include the quip and repartee.
Oxymoron-bringing together two opposite words np.hot ice
Invocation-fragment of a poem in which speaker calls upon God or goddess to ask for sth.