TRANSKRYPCJA TEKSTÓW DO SŁUCHANIA

Zadanie 1.

Has terrorism changed your life? Are you afraid of terrorism? With London on the highest alert, TEAM went onto the streets to ask teenagers their feelings about terrorism.

Holly, 14: Terrorism worries me. The terrorist attacks in Madrid were on trains so I only get on a train when I really have to. I also don't trust people that I don't know. I think that people from different religions, races and backgrounds need to mix more in order to stop racism and terrorism.

Fliss, 17: I haven't changed my daily life because of terrorism. I think that everyone's really hyped the dangers up. I study politics and I don't think that the politicians are handling global terrorism very well - they rush into decisions.

Rob, 15: I'm only in London for a day, but I wasn't worried about coming here despite the warnings about terrorist attacks. I believe that the war in Iraq was the right thing because Saddam Hussein was killing a lot of people for no reason.

Alex, 15: I feel that the center of London is more dangerous but I haven't really changed my behaviour. I'm just more aware of the threat. Tony Blair shouldn't be pushed around by America so much. I think there were ways of dealing with Saddam Hussein peacefully, instead of going to war.

Tom, 15: I am more aware of dangers of terrorism when I'm traveling by train or when I'm in the center of London. The politicians take advantage of all the power they've got. They try and make us believe that the only terrorist threats come from Iraqi people. You can't stop terrorism because the terrorists don't mind taking their own lives for it.

(adapted from TEAM no. 1 sept/oct 2004)

Zadanie 2.

Kate: My live changed when my grandmother died. We lived together in the same house. She was one of the warmest and kindest people in my life. She understood that it was hard for me to clean my room. Every month she gave me pocket money. In the evenings and holidays we played cards. I'm trying not to be sad. I've got nice memories of her.

Paul: The most exciting thing I have ever done was a bungy jump in Paris. I was scared but my parents persuaded me to do it. I was flying for about two seconds but I will remember it for a very long time. Before the jump I was afraid of lots of things but afterwards everything changed. I feel stronger, wiser and self-confident. I hope that soon I will be able to parachute for the first time.

Maggie: I didn't like my baby brother when he was born but when Mark was four weeks old he started to cry. I went to him and he smiled at me. I was the first person he ever smiled at. As Mark grew older he became my first true friend. He brings me handkerchiefs when I'm crying and tells jokes to cheer me up. Mark's birth changed my life and me. I'm less selfish and jealous and I definitely have more fun!

Diego: I remember the day two years ago when I joined the rowing club. The members looked strong. I was 12 and I thought "What am I doing here?" Now after two years I can't live without rowing. I train every day and my objective is to win the Italian championships.

Liz: I think that 11^th September 2001 changed the lives of many people all over the world. I will never forget it. My house is under a flight path. When I hear a plane I remember September 11^th . Some planes make horrible noises and that makes me a little bit scared.

Vicky: My mother is a journalist and my father is a photographer. My parents were very busy but sometimes I worked with them in the garden. Suddenly everything changed. My parents went to Australia to write an article about animals. My father's job is to take photographs of koalas, kangaroos and many other animals. I moved to my grandmother's flat which is small with no garden.

(adapted from TEAM no. 6 May / June 2003)

Zadanie 3.

Most of the teenagers in the survey love British music although they all like different types of British music and music stars from the Beatles and Coldplay to Ms Dynamite, So Solid Crew and Gareth Gates! A lot of young people also love exploring the British countryside and coast. The most popular places for young people are Cornwall where they love going surfing or Wiltshire with its spooky stone circles like Stonehenge.

British teenagers also love football and which team was the most popular? Manchester United, of course. 20% of young people think that the British comedy is the best and they especially love watching Ali G and Rowan Atkinson (the comedian who plays Mr Bean and Johnny English). Amazingly, 16% of British teenagers like the British weather! What's wrong with them? They also say they love the changing seasons and colours.

14% of young people love Britain because they think that British parents give their children a lot of respect and freedom and they are happy to live in a democracy where they can express their opinions. Also many teenagers like living in a country where there are so many different types of people. Although many foreigners find the British food disgusting, British teenagers are very fond of it. 10% of teenagers in the survey thought that British food was the best thing about the country and they enjoy eating bacon sandwiches, baked beans and cheddar cheese. Also, we know it's a British stereotype but many British teenagers still like drinking a nice cup of tea in the morning.

(adapted from TEAM no. 1 Sept/Oct 2003)

Zadanie 4.

Attention please!

All the students who want to go to the Odeon Theatre to see Agatha Christie's "The Mousetrap" next Friday night! Here is a handful of information concerning the tickets and the time of the performance: We meet outside the school main gate at 6 p.m. and we take the 7.15 underground train from Wimbledon station. In case you are late the next train leaves at 7.26 from platform three, North Line. Please remember we have to get off at Victoria station and walk across Trafalgar Square, down Prince Road to the Odeon Theatre. The play starts at 8.30 p.m. and you should collect your tickets from the booking office at 8.15 at the latest. I repeat! The tickets must be collected at 8.15 p.m. at the latest. Unfortunately, students over eighteen are required to pay the full price of 25 pounds, the younger students will get 30% discount if they have their student IDs with them. Please remember to take your IDs with you!

The play lasts two hours so we will be traveling back from Victoria station night bus stop. We have to go by bus number 54 which will take us to Wimbledon Station. The students who live away from school should ask their host families to pick them up from there at about 11.30 p.m. or take a taxi home. The students who live in the school dormitory will walk back together with the supervising teachers.

I hope you enjoy your evening out!

In case of any further questions, please, contact your group supervisor.

Thank you for your attention.

(adapted from an original trip leaflet)

Zadanie 5.

Hello! Dear listeners, today we will talk about New York the most fascinating and hectic city in the

world! Welcome to our programme!

If you wanted to do and see everything New York City offers, you would need a very long holiday!

The best way to start your visit is to travel around in a yellow cab to experience the bustling city life.

Yellow cabs carry thousands of passengers through the streets of New York every day Drivers see life

all over New York. The first thing you notice is the smells, and people and traffic everywhere.

4 million people use the subway every week! Your cab will soon get caught in this traffic. There seem

to be a lot of bicyclists racing through the streets but they are not members of any ecological

organisation. They are just bicycle couriers swerving among the cars.

The first stop you are advised to have is at the Lower East side at one of New York's spring fairs where

you can shop, dance salsa, listen to jazz and eat food from all around the world. Even sitting in the

cab you can smell the food which makes your mouth water. Feeling hungry, try the most typical New

York snack - a large hot dog with mustard and ketchup. The fairs are so picturesque that they are often

a popular background for 60 to 90 movies being filmed in New York every day.

The next stop of your cab should be Greenwich Village. This area became famous in the 1950s and

1960s when artists, writers and hippies shocked the world with their free-thinking and free-living

lifestyle. Today Greenwich Village is still very bohemian - there are cafes, restaurants, bars and clubs

where people meet to listen to music, talk politics or watch performance arts. The East village is

where you can find the coolest and trendiest people in New York. There are plenty of weirdoes,

eccentrics and freaks from all over the world, too.

All of New York's five boroughs have a diverse culture and ethnic mix. Perhaps the most interesting

of them is Bronx which used to be known as the slum area of New York. Once it was a dangerous area

to live as the people were poor and there was a lot of crime. Today the Bronx has been regenerated.

It has parks, beaches, the Bronx Zoo and the Yankee Stadium. It is thought to be the area where break

dancing and salsa music began.

Your New York cab drive could not be complete without a visit to Macy's, the world's largest

department store. You will have over half a million different items to choose from for souvenirs.

(adapted from CLUB, No. 4, March 2000)

Zadanie 6.

Dear Visitors!

On behalf of Yellowstone National Park I'd like to welcome you to our day bus tour to the most

important and famous sites of our Park. My name is Mathilda Blackbear and I'll have the pleasure of

being your guide today.

Let me start our tour by telling you what you are going to see today. We start at about 7.30 a.m. that

is in 10 minutes time and first we'll go to admire Old Faithful, perhaps the most famous geyser of our

Park. It is also considered to be the most regular geyser in the area so it is easy for our researchers

and scientists to predict its eruptions fairly accurately.

The next place we'll be visiting today is the Grand Canyon of Yellowstone which may be not as big

as the well-known Grand Canyon in Arizona but still it is a breathtaking and stunning place. It will

be possible to take a mile-walk down to the edge of the Lower Falls of the Canyon which is certainly

the most photographed feature in Yellowstone.

Then we will drive you to Hayden Valley to give you a good chance to watch wildlife of Yellowstone.

As we will be driving along this beautiful, broad valley you are quite likely to see herds of bison,

perhaps some elk and if you are really lucky you may happen to see the grizzly bear!

Being tired and exhilarated after the Hayden Valley adventure we plan to have a lunch break at

Mammoth Hot Springs, which is also the seat of the Park Headquarters, featuring some of the oldest

buildings, including the Visitors' Centre. We've booked your lunch at the local log cabin inn nearby

where you will have the opportunity to buy some souvenirs as well as pay a short visit to the Park's Wildlife Museum.

In the afternoon we will drive you to see the largest high-altitude lake in the lower 48 US states -Yellowstone Lake. As we follow the shoreline you will see snow-capped mountains rising behind the lake. It's possible to visit Lake Village and to sit on the porch of the Lake Lodge to take in the view. Finally, we will make for Tower Falls - the second most popular waterfall in Yellowstone behind the Lower Falls which we will have seen in the morning. We will take a short walk to an overlook, for more adventurous of you I'd recommend the short but steep hike down to the base of the waterfall. We will finish our tour at about 7 p.m. back at the South Entrance coach car park. Thank you for your attention! I hope you will enjoy the tour. Let us start...

(adapted from www.nps.gov/yell/home.html; www.yellowstone.net)

Zadanie 7.

No matter who is having a birthday, we have a party idea for you. Check out these themes for children and teenagers.

Children

Birthdays are very exciting for young children; unlike most adults, they want to get older! Choosing a party theme related to the birthday child's favourite hobby or interest can result in a fun and memorable birthday.

Child Party Themes:

1. Aquarium/Zoo: A child who loves animals might enjoy a trip to the nearby aquarium or zoo with his/her friends. After returning home, a cake decorated with the child's favourite animal can close the day.

2. Beach: A trip to the beach can be a relaxed and informal celebration for kids with summer birthdays. Make sure there is a shady picnic area for lunch.

3. Movies and Sleepover: Have your guests bring their sleeping bags and enjoy a few of the birthday child's favourite movies until bedtime. Some popcorn and a special breakfast in the morning can round out the fun.

Teens/Young Adults

Teenagers can be hard to please. A birthday activity that lets a teen spend time with his or her friends with a minimum of grown-ups around is likely to appease discriminating tastes.

Teen Party Themes:

1. Paintball: Many paintball facilities offer package deals that include all the necessary equip­ment. After paintball, partygoers can change into clean clothes and go to a restaurant, or back home for pizza and birthday cake.

2. Limousine Ride: A limo ride is a great way to make a birthday teen feel special. Ask par­ty guests to dress up, and when they arrive a limousine can pick them up and take them to a restaurant for dinner.

Activity Centre: Family activity centres that offer miniature golf, batting cages, arcades and more are a great option. Partygoers can choose from a number of different activities. Birthday party packages are often available.

Adults

While grown-ups might not be quite as excited as kids about being another year older, a birthday is a great chance to get together with friends and family.

Adult Party Themes:

1. Luau: A Hawaiian theme creates a great party atmosphere for adults. Encourage guests to wear Hawaiian shirts, grass skirts, etc. A location with a swimming pool is ideal.

2. Time Machine: Revisit times past by playing recordings of favourite songs, TV shows or movies from each decade of the person's life. You can also create a wall of memories by making a poster for each decade; create a collage of family photos, scrapbook items and other personal memorabilia.

3. Wine and Cheese: For a wine lover's birthday, ask each guest to bring a bottle of their favourite wine. Provide a selection of accompanying snacks such as cheese, crackers and fruit. Enjoy a casual evening of wine sampling and conversation.

(adapted from www.smartpages.com)

Zadanie 8.

Weight training tips

Whether you're a heavyweight or a lightweight, if you're lifting weights to stay fit there are a few rules of the road. Jim Ramsay, team trainer, and Dr. Jonathan Glashow offer tips that will help you maximize your workout.

Q: How should people get started with weight training if they've not done it before?

JIM RAMSAY: When people start up at a fitness facility, they should talk with a fitness professional. Discuss some goals with them. What do you want to achieve? Do you want to lose weight? Get a fitter body? Do you play a sport? Or do you just want to improve your health? So goal setting is the first item of business.

Q: How many repetitions do you suggest starting out with?

JONATHAN GLASHOW: Start with ten to fifteen repetitions. These reps should be done comfortably and in the correct form. Too many people sacrifice form for weights, meaning they lift far too much weight and their form suffers. You don't gain anything by using heavy weights with poor form. Isolating the muscle you want to work and doing it correctly prevents injury and you get more out o i.

Q: What should you expect to feel when you're starting out?

JIM RAMSAY: Initially there's going to be a lot of muscle soreness and aches and pains that you aren't used to feeling. Try to do two to three sets often to fifteen repetitions. By the first set of fifteen, you should feel a little bit of fatigue in the muscle. If you don't then your weight's too light. The first couple of sessions are going to be trial and error. If by ten or fifteen you can't lift any more and maintain the proper positioning and form, then the weight is too heavy. So there's a lot of trial and error in that first adaptation phase.

Q: By the end of your sets how should the muscles feel?

JONATHAN GLASHOW: I think what you're trying to bring out is the point of failure, meaning you can no longer do that repetition properly without some slight assistance. That means you've exhausted the muscle completely.

Q: How much time should you rest between sets?

JONATHAN GLASHOW: I think it depends on how much weight you're lifting and what your goals are. When body builders are doing very heavy weights, like the bench press or squats, they rest three to four minutes between sets. I think a very common mistake is to go from set to set and not give your body a chance to recoup. If you don't wait at least a couple of minutes when doing significantly heavy sets, you're cheating yourself because you're not giving your body the chance to replete or gain the substrates and chemicals within the muscles to have them contract maximally again. So maybe two

minutes, maybe three minutes between heavy sets. But people doing lighter weights can recover more quickly. Sprinters, for instance. They don't have to wait as long.

(adapted from www.smartpages.com)

Zadanie 9.

A thunder-shower came up while the girls were at Carmody; it did not last long. But just as they turned into the Cuthbert lane Anne saw something that spoiled the beauty of the landscape for her. Before them on the right extended Mr. Harrison's broad, gray-green field, and there, standing in the middle of it, and looking at them calmly, was a Jersey cow! Anne dropped the reins and stood up with a tightening of the lips that meant no good to the grazing. Not a word said she, but she climbed down over the wheels, and jumped across the fence before Diana understood what had happened.

"Anne, come back," shouted Diane, as soon as she found her voice. "You'll ruin your dress in that wet grass. She doesn't hear me! Well, she'll never get that cow out by herself. I must go and help her, of course."

Anne was rushing through the grain like a mad thing. Diana hopped briskly down, tied the horse to a post, turned the skirt of her pretty dress over her shoulders, mounted the fence, and started chasing her frantic friend. She could run faster than Anne, who was hampered by her wet skirt, and soon overtook her.

"Anne, for mercy's sake, stop," said poor Diana. "I'm right out of breath and you are wet to the skin."

"I must... get... that cow... out... before... Mr. Harrison... sees her," gasped Anne. "I don't... care... if I'm... drowned... if we... can... only... do that."

But the Jersey cow appeared to see no good reason for being hustled out of her rich green grass field. No sooner had the two breathless girls got near her than she turned and trotted for the opposite corner of the field.

"Head her off," screamed Anne. "Run, Diana, run."

Diana did run. Anne tried to, and the wicked Jersey cow went around the field as if she were possessed by the devil. Privately, Diana thought she was. It was fully ten minutes before they caught her and drove her through the corner gap into the Cuthbert lane. There is no denying that Anne was in a very cross temper at that precise moment. Nor did it calm her down in the least to notice a cart stopped just outside the lane, wherein sat Mr. Shearer of Carmody and his son, both of whom were smiling broadly.

"I guess you'd better have sold me that cow when I wanted to buy her last week, Anne," said Mr. Shearer.

"I'll sell her to you now, if you want her," said her embarrassed and exhausted owner. "You may have her this very minute."

"Done. I'll give you twenty for her as I offered before, and Jim here can drive her right over to Carmody. She'll go to town with the rest of the herd this evening. Mr. Reed of Brighton wants a Jersey cow."

Five minutes later Jim Shearer and the Jersey cow were marching up the road, and impulsive Anne was driving along the Green Gables lane with her twenty dollars.

(abridged from ANNE OFAVONLEA, Online Literature Library)

30

ROZUMIENIE ZE SŁUCHU - TRANSKRYPCJA TEKSTÓW DO SŁUCHANIA

decompose or disappear very quickly - things like human bones and skeletons, objects made from stone and metal, and ceramics.

Sometimes, archaeologists and historians work together. Take, for example, the study of the Romans, who dominated the Mediterranean area and much of Europe two thousand years ago. We know a lot about them from their writing, and some of their most famous writers are still quoted in English. We also know a lot about them from what they made, from their coins to their buildings. Of course, for much of human history, there are no written documents at all. Who were the first humans, and where did they come from? This is a job for the archaeologists, who have found and dated the bones and objects left behind. From this evidence, they believe that humans first appeared in Africa and began moving to other parts of the world about 80,000 years ago. The movement of our ancestors across the planet has been mapped from their remains - humans went to Australia about 70,000 years ago, but have been in South America for just 15,000 years. The evidence of archaeology has helped to show the shared origin and history of us all.

Interviewer: And the discovery in Lindów Moss is a proof for that, isn't it?

PM: In 1984, two men made an amazing discovery while working in a bog called Lindów Moss, near Manchester in the north of England. A bog is a very wet area of earth, with a lot of plants growing in it. It can be like a very big and very thick vegetable soup - walk in the wrong place and you can sink and disappear forever. After hundreds of years, the dead plants can compress together and make 'peat', which is like soil, but is so rich in energy that it can be burned on a fire, like coal.

The men were cutting the peat when one of them saw something sticking out - a human foot! Naturally, the men called the police, who then found the rest of the body. Was it a case of murder? Possibly - but it was a death nearly two thousand years old. The two men had found a body from the time of the Roman invasion of Celtic Britain. Despite being so old, this body had skin, muscles, hair and internal organs - the scientists who examined him were able to look inside the man's stomach and find the food that he had eaten for his last meal!

(adapted from www. learnenglish. org. uk)

POZIOM ROZSZERZONY

Zadanie 12.

Trafalgar Square, set in central London, is one of Britain's great tourist attractions. A visit to the capital would be incomplete without going to marvel at Nelsons Column and the four giant lions at its base, or to admire the lovely splashing fountains and to feed the pigeons, who have made their home here. Built to commemorate Admiral Nelson, the square was named after the Spanish Cape Trafalgar where his last battle was won. It was John Nash, who designed the first layout of the square in the 1820's. Although he didn't live to see its completion, his Neo-classical design was adhered to, achieving the unified effect of the beautiful buildings we admire today.

The Houses of Parliament stand on the site where Edward the Confessor had the original palace built in the first half of the eleventh century. In 1547 the royal residence was moved to Whitehall Palace, but the Lords continued to meet at Westminster, while the commons met in St. Stephen's Chapel. Ever since these early times, the Palace of Westminster has been home to the English Parliament. The magnificent Gothic Revival masterpiece you see today was built between 1840 and 1888, this was the work of Charles Barry who designed the buildings to blend with nearby Westminster Abbey. The two imposing towers are the clock tower Big Ben, and Victoria tower.

Big Ben looks most spectacular at night when the clock faces are illuminated. You even know when parliament is in session, because a light shines above the clock face. The name Big Ben actually refers not to the clock-tower itself, but to the thirteen ton bell hung within. The bell was named after the first

commissioner of works, Sir Benjamin Hall. The tower is not open to the general public, but those with a "special interest" may arrange a visit to the top of the Clock Tower through their local (UK) MP.

Buckingham Palace has served as the official London residence of Britain's sovereigns since 1837. It evolved from a town house that was owned from the beginning of the eighteenth century by the Dukes of Buckingham. Today it is The Queen's official residence. Although in use for the many official events and receptions held by The Queen, areas of Buckingham Palace are opened to visitors on a regular basis. The State Rooms of the Palace are open to visitors during the Annual Summer Opening in August and September. They are lavishly furnished with some of the greatest treasures from the Royal Collection - paintings by Rembrandt, Rubens, Vermeer, Poussin, Canaletto and Claude.

Standing guard by the River Thames, the Tower of London is a famous landmark of the city. Discover the secrets that lie within its walls, marvel at the breathtaking Crown Jewels, stand on the site where three English queens were beheaded. The Jewel House Wardens will be on hand to answer any questions about this priceless collection. The first stones of this imposing structure were laid around 1078 by order of William the Conqueror. Its mighty walls are now home to displays from the Royal armouries including original armours worn by Henry VIII and Charles I plus a reconstructed display of the massive collection of weapons once housed in the Grand Storehouse.

(adapted from www.aboutbritain.com)

Zadanie 13.

Dali's mindscapes

POZIOM ROZSZERZONY

Dali claimed to have been haunted throughout his life by the fact that he grew up in the shadow of a brother (also named Salvador) who died before he was born. Dali's strict father eventually banished his willful and unconventional son from the family home. In 1921, when he was 17, Dali's beloved mother died of cancer. After that, the artist began making images that reflected his tormented soul. Dali struggled for a while. He then met a woman who would become the most important person in his life - a Russian who called herself Gala. She would become Dali's wife, model, and business agent, carefully managing his career.

In 1929 Dali joined a group of Surrealist artists in Paris. From 1929 to 1937, the artist produced what many believe to be his most important Surrealist works. He used a process he called the "paranoiac-critical" method to present his themes and obsessions. Dali described his blend of precise realism and dreamlike fantasy as "hand-painted dream photographs". Symbols from Dali's nightmare world -crutches, staircases, grasshoppers, ants, and melting watches - became recurring images in his paintings.

A good example of Dali's work during this period can be found in his 1936 The Burning Giraffe completed at the beginning of the violent and bloody Spanish Civil War. The focal point of the painting is a faceless, skeletal female figure. Her body has been transformed into half-open drawers, symbols of memory and the unconscious mind. Dali was fond of painting burning giraffes, their manes turned into fiery red flames to suggest the ravages of war. The paintings bleak monochromatic colour scheme, give it an even more nightmarish quality.

As Dali's fame grew, so did warnings of a conflict that would be even larger than Spanish Civil War. Fearing World War II, in 1940 Dali went to America and began to search for new ways to express his obsessions. He started to use new techniques. His goal, as always, was to jar the viewer with the unexpected. It was the method of the double image, in which one image is suddenly perceived in a different way.

As the art world's expert on the unconscious, Dali was much in demand. He worked in advertising and for Hollywood, designed clothing and jewellery. Despite his showmanship, his gift for revealing

the true nature of the human condition was recognized and admired by many people. When he died in 1989, at age 84, the world mourned the loss of a great personality and painter.

(adapted from ART, Vol.32, No 3, Dec 2002/Jan 2003)

Alice was not a bit hurt, and she jumped up on to her feet in a moment: she looked up, but it was all dark overhead; before her was another long passage, and the White Rabbit was still in sight, hurrying down it. There was not a moment to be lost: away went Alice like the wind, and was just in time to hear it say, as it turned a corner, 'Oh my ears and whiskers, how late it's getting!' She was close behind it when she turned the corner, but the Rabbit was no longer to.be seen: she found herself in a long, low hall, which was lit up by a row of lamps hanging from the roof. There were doors all round the hall, but they were all locked; and when Alice had been all the way down one side and up the other, trying every door, she walked sadly down the middle, wondering how she was ever to get out again.

Suddenly she came upon a little three-legged table, all made of solid glass; there was nothing on it except a tiny golden key, and Alice's first thought was that it might belong to one of the doors of the hall; but, alas! Either the locks were too large, or the key was too small, but at any rate it would not open any of them. However, on the second time round, she came upon a low curtain she had not noticed before, and behind it was a little door about fifteen inches high: she tried the little golden key in the lock, and to her great delight it fitted! Alice opened the door and found that it led into a small passage, not much larger than a rat-hole: she knelt down and looked along the passage into the loveliest garden you ever saw. How she longed to get out of that dark hall, and wander about among those beds of bright flowers and those cool fountains, but she could not even get her head through the doorway.

There seemed to be no use in waiting by the little door, so she went back to the table, half hoping she might find another key on it. This time she found a little bottle on it, and round the neck of the bottle was a paper label, with the words 'DRINK ME' beautifully printed on it in large letters. It was all very well to say 'Drink me,' but the wise little Alice was not going to do that in a hurry. 'No, I'll look first,' she said, 'and see whether it's marked "poison" or not'; for she had read several nice little histories about children who had got burnt, and eaten up by wild beasts and other unpleasant things, all because they would not remember the simple rules their friends had taught them. However, this bottle was NOT marked 'poison,' so Alice ventured to taste it, and finding it very nice she very soon finished it off.

'What a curious feeling!' said Alice; 1 must be shutting up like a telescope.'

And so it was indeed: she was now only ten inches high, and her face brightened up at the thought that she was now the right size for going though the little door into that lovely garden. After a while she decided on going into the garden at once; but, alas for poor Alice! when she got to the door, she found she had forgotten the little golden key, and when she went back to the table for it, she found she could not possibly reach it: she could see it quite plainly through the glass, and she tried her best to climb up one of the legs of the table, but it was too slippery; and when she had tired herself out with trying, the poor little thing sat down and cried.

'Come, there's no use in crying like that!' said Alice to herself, rather sharply; T advise you to leave off this minute!' She generally gave herself very good advice (though she very seldom followed it), and sometimes she scolded herself so severely as to bring tears into her eyes. Soon her eye fell on a little glass box that was lying under the table: she opened it, and found in it a very small cake, on which the words 'EAT ME' were beautifully marked in currants. 'Well, I'll eat it,' said Alice. She ate a little bit, holding her hand on the top of her head to feel which way it was growing, and she was quite surprised to find that she remained the same size: to be sure, this generally happens when one eats cake, but Alice had got so much into the way of expecting nothing but out-of-the-way things to happen, that it seemed quite dull and stupid for life to go on in the common way.

33

So she set to work, and very soon finished off the cake.

(adapted from Lewis Carroll ALICE'S ADVENTURES IN WONDERLAND, Online Library)

The idea of erecting giant statues in America came into being as early as 1849 when an unsuccessful

attempt to carve a giant Christopher Columbus was undertaken in the Rocky Mountains. Yet,

Americans had to wait another 37 years to see their first gigantic monuments constructed. It was a gift

from France, the Statue of Liberty put on the New York shore.

In 1923 the idea of turning a part of South Dakota Black Hills called the Needles into giant sculptures

was put forward but the location did not receive public support. However, some people came to like

the idea of creating such sculptures.

Mount Rushmore as a location for the project was chosen by Gutzon Borglum, the author of the

sculptures. He had constructed Abraham Lincoln's bust for the U.S. Capitol but it was Mount

Rushmore project that brought him fame and popularity.

Mount Rushmore was an excellent choice as it is the place which receives direct sunlight for the most

of the day. At first it had been planned to carve such national heroes like Buffalo Bill but finally it was

decided to create the heads of four U.S. Presidents. The most prominent position was given to George

Washington, next was Thomas Jefferson, the author of the Declaration of Independence, then

Theodore Roosevelt, the promoter of the Panama Canal construction and at last Abraham Lincoln.

The actual work began in 1927 and it took further 14 years to finish the project. The carving was done

by 360 local miners and quarry workers. Washington's head was finished in 1930, followed by

Jefferson in 1936, Lincoln in 1937 and Roosevelt in 1939.

The artist first prepared models of the heads, and then he covered the models with a kind of

geographical gird, next the gird was enlarged and put on Mount Rushmore to serve as a pattern for

the carving. Unfortunately, Borglum had died just seven months before the monument was finished.

The total cost of the enterprise amounted to one million dollars and now it is regarded to be priceless.

It soon became one of America's icons showing American extravagance and kitsch. But some people

say that the project is capable of impressing any visitor by its might and nobility.

Anyway, it is one of the most interesting and impressive sites in America extremely popular with

tourists from all over the world.

(adapted from ANGLORAMA, Nr 3/2000)

Interwiew with Emily Patrick 1. Why are you an artist, Emily?'

There was never any question of doing anything else. I sold paintings even as a schoolgirl. It is my fascination, satisfaction and chief ability.

2. Could you tell me some more about your art?

I don't talk about my art except in a very practical way. Maybe the history of a particular composition or a technical problem. I think about it all the time but each painting is its own problem or opportunity.

3. What is it that inspires you to paint a particular subject?

The subject has shown me a beautiful, interesting or magical property which I want to show to other people.

4. What artists have influenced you and why?

Beginning with early Flemish paintings (e.g. Hans Memlinc), then Dutch still lifes (e.g. Bruegel), the early Italian (e.g. Mantegna). More recent painters include Fantin-Latour. I appreciate principally qualities of abstract composition, sense of line, tender or delicate subtlety and bravery.

5. What do you do for fun (besides art)?

I'm not unusual in what I take pleasure from but I'm into fun for its own sake.

6. What inspires you to paint and how do you keep motivated when things get tough in the studio? Just keep looking, looking and looking again.

7. How have you handled the business side of being an artist?

My parents were self-employed and often overdrawn and so I took the business side of it quite seriously. A professional portrait painter once advised me "If you want to be a portrait painter, first of all buy a filing cabinet." Portraits supported me while I became established.

8. Where do you see yourself in 10 years?

I hope that the critics will be keener on my work and that I will be more confident.

9. What is it about still life 's that keeps you painting them, and what are you working on at the
moment?

Still lifes can contain all the qualities that I search for without the distractions of a larger and more complex subject. I have just finished putting a little portrait into a rather cold still life. The portrait has brought in life and warmth.

10. What advice would you give to an artist just starting out?

First make sure that you know what really good painting is by going to the best galleries. If you want to be professional you must never rest until the picture is one hundred percent right. Give yourself a time limit, say two years. If no one who is knowledgeable wants to buy or hang your work, don't go on banging your head on the wall. But while you try, give it every drop of sweat that you have in you.

(adapted from www.artquotes.net)

What is curling? It is often compared to lawn bowling on ice. The unique feature of the game is the use of brooms to sweep the ice.

Like its landlocked cousin, golf, the origins of the sport of curling are murky with both the countries of Holland and Scotland claiming birthrights. Scotland stakes its creationist laurels on the oldest known curling stone with the date 1511 inscribed on its surface. The best evidence trotted out by the Dutch, who popularized ice skating and would seem to have an historical pedigree when it came to games played on the ice, is a painting from the mid-16th century by the Flemish painter Pieter Breughel. The canvas depicts a spirited game of curling on a frozen city canal, replete with curling stones and broom-wielding players. Regardless of its rudimentary beginnings, contemporary curling is a gift of Scotland. The sweeping of stones worn smooth from the scraping of the North Sea across frozen lochs was an established Scottish game by the 1600s and the modern version of curling was a national mania by the 1800s. In 1838 the Royal Caledonian Curling Club (originally called the Grand Caledonian Curling Club) was ushered into existence in Edinburgh and became the definitive governing body for the game.

One of the things the RCCC did was standardize the rules for international play and those rules were needed as energetic Scottish emigrants were busily establishing the game on distant shores. The Royal Montreal Curling Club had been set up in Canada in 1807 and there was undoubtedly curling matches taking place on United States lakes from the time of the Revolution. The first organized curling club in the United States was the Orchard Lake Curling Club, chartered in 1832 at the home of Dr. Robert Burns. Dr. Burns and the boys curled on Lake St. Clair, near Detroit, Michigan.

With the age of refrigeration, curling has moved indoors and today is played on sheets of ice in a rink. To the non-initiated, curling can best be described as lawn bowling on ice. Instead of rolling balls, however, the curler slides stones down the ice. A curling stone has a maximum diameter of 36 inches and can weigh no more than 44 pounds. It is concave on the bottom to promote a cleaner slide down the ice. Rather than push the curling stone, a handle is attached at the top to facilitate the release of the stone by the player.

The best curling stones are all mined from the same location: the Ailsa Craig. The Ailsa Craig is a towering island of granite rising 1100 feet from the surface of the Firth of Clyde off Scotland's west coast. The Ailsa Craig is sometimes known as Paddy's Milestone as it sits between Scotland and Ireland. In the 1800s as many as 29 people lived on the island's 245 acres working the quarries but today the massive rock is uninhabited.

A curling sheet is 46 yards long and 14 feet wide. On either end is a house painted into the ice with concentric circles. In the centre is the button, the ultimate goal. Curlers attempt to slide the stones as close as possible to the button. Each curling team is comprised of four players, all of whom will deliver two stones in alternate turns with the opposing team. When all eight stones are delivered, it constitutes and end. A match consists of 10, and sometimes, 12 ends.

(adapted from mnmn.essortment.com)

Zadanie 18. R

Ernest Hemingway - Childhood

Ernest Miller Hemingway was born at eight o'clock in the morning on July 21, 1899 in Oak Park, Illinois. In the nearly sixty two years of his life that followed he forged a literary reputation unsurpassed in the twentieth century. In doing so, he also created a mythological hero in himself that captivated not only serious literary critics but the average man as well. In a word, he was a star.

Born in the family home at 439 North Oak Park Avenue, a house built by his widowed grandfather Ernest Hall, Hemingway was the second of Dr. Clarence and Grace Hall Hemingway's six children; he had four sisters and one brother. He was named after his maternal grandfather Ernest Hall and his great uncle Miller Hall.

Oak Park was a mainly Protestant, upper middle-class suburb of Chicago that Hemingway would later refer to as a town of "wide lawns and narrow minds." It was basically a conservative town that tried to isolate itself from Chicago's liberal seediness. Hemingway was raised with the conservative Midwestern values of strong religion, hard work, physical fitness and self-determination.

As a boy he was taught by his father to hunt and fish along the shores and in the forests surrounding Lake Michigan. The Hemingways had a summer house called Windemere on Walloon Lake in northern Michigan, and the family would spend the summer months there trying to stay cool. Hemingway would either fish the different streams that ran into the lake, or would take the row boat out to do some fishing there. He would also go squirrel hunting in the woods near the summer house. It was something he could always go back to throughout his life, wherever he was. Nature would be the touchstone of Hemingway's life and work, and though he often found himself living in major cities like Chicago, Toronto and Paris early in his career, once he became successful he chose

somewhat isolated places to live like Key West, or San Francisco de Paula, Cuba, or Ketchum, Idaho. All were convenient locales for hunting and fishing.

When he wasn't hunting or fishing his mother taught him the finer points of music. Grace was an accomplished singer who once had aspirations of a career on stage, but eventually settled down with her husband and occupied her time by giving voice and music lessons to local children, including her own. Hemingway never had a knack for music and suffered through choir practices and cello lessons.

Hemingway received his formal schooling in the Oak Park public school system. In high school he was mediocre at sports, playing football, swimming, water basketball and serving as the track team manager. He enjoyed working on the high school newspaper called the Trapeze, where he wrote his first articles, usually humorous pieces. Hemingway graduated in the spring of 1917 and instead of going to college the following fall like his parents expected, he took a job as a cub reporter for the Kansas City Star; the job was arranged for by his Uncle Tyler who was a close friend of the chief editorial writer of the paper.

(adapted from www. lostgeneration.com/childhood)

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