Fill in each blank with the correct verb form - with the help of the interpretation of the use of these verbs in the table.

Assumption: You are writing this article now.

Humans and other life forms

Humans (1 have) __have_ much in common with other life forms on Earth. Since the very first life forms (2 appear) _______________________________, all living things (3 struggle) _______________________ to survive the harsh and changing conditions of our planet. This (4 involve) ________________________ adapting to new situations and, in many cases, (5 lead) ___________________________ to either evolution or extinction. We (6 be) __________ not alone in making use of the world around us (birds use twigs to build nests, for example) or in being particularly skilful (spiders make intricate webs). Where we (7) ____________ differ from other life forms, however, (8 be) __________ in our ability to record, and learn from, our collective history. In this, it (9 appear) __________ that we (10 be) ______________ unique. There (11 be) ______________ still much mankind (12 do) _____________ not know about the earliest humans, of course, but increasingly, we (13 become) _________________ a species with detailed knowledge about our past. The more we learn, the better (14 be) ________________ our chances of survival in the future. It must also be recognised, however, that we are also the only species on Earth which (15 manage) _________________ to create the means to destroy the planet we live on.

Interpretations of the verb forms

Question	Interpretation	Question	Interpretation
1	general truth	9	general truth
2	some event in the past	10	general truth
3	An event started in the past, and has been going on for some time (when you read/write this article.)	11	general truth
4	An event in the past with the result at present	12	general truth
5	An event in the past with the result at present	13	An event that is happening now and will continue for some time.
6	general truth	14	general truth
7	To emphasize contrast/difference	15	An event in the past with the result at present
8	general truth

Humans and other life forms

Humans (1 have) HAVE much in common with other life forms on Earth. Since the very first life forms (2 appear) APPEARED, all living things (3 struggle) HAVE BEEN STRUGGLING to survive the harsh and changing conditions of our planet. This (4 involve) HAS INVOLVED adapting to new situations and, in many cases, (5 lead) HAS LED to either evolution or extinction. We (6 be) ARE not alone in making use of the world around us (birds use twigs to build nests, for example) or in being particularly skilful (spiders make intricate webs). Where we (7) DO differ from other life forms, however, (8 be) IS in our ability to record, and learn from, our collective history. In this, it (9 appear) APPEARS that we (10 be) ARE unique. There (11 be) IS still much mankind (12 do) DOES not know about the earliest humans, of course, but increasingly, we (13 become) ARE BECOMING a species with detailed knowledge about our past. The more we learn, the better (14 be) ARE our chances of survival in the future. It must also be recognised, however, that we are also the only species on Earth which (15 manage) HAS MANAGED to create the means to destroy the planet we live on.