THREE CONTRIBUTIONS OF
CHINESE IMMIGRANTS



	The Chinese started immigrating to the United States in 1849.  They  left
China in search of a better life.  Life in China in the 1800's was very hard.  There
wasn't enough food, money and the cities were overpopulated.  They heard about
the United States and believed there was an opportunity to start over again.    They
hoped to find jobs on the railroad or to strike gold.   When they arrived in the United
States,  life was difficult.   Laws were made which discriminated against them. 
However, eventually they became a respected part of our society.  They are
responsible for many contributions which are part of American life today.  This essay
will describe three of these contributions:  two products, ginseng and tea, and one
method of medicine, acupuncture.
	Ginseng is a perennial herb grown in China and other Asian countries.  It is
also grown in North American, but the Asian variety is thought to be more valuable. 
There are many legends and superstitions surrounding ginseng.  The Chinese have
long believed that the ginseng is a cure for many aliments and can even make one live
longer.  However, Western researchers are have been unable to prove this.  Today,
many manufacturers add ginseng to such products as hair tonics, shampoos, skin
creams and even soft drinks.  Also ginseng can be bought over the counter in drug
stores under such names as "Ginkoba"  and "Ginsana".  "Ginkoba" is supposed to
increase mental alertness.  "Ginsana" is supposed to increase physical energy.  
	Tea was first used during the reign of Emperor Shen Nung in about 2737 B.C. 
This was a very long time ago.  It is thought that tea was first cultivated in China. 
Then the China tea plant was taken to Japan in about 800A.D.  In Japan, tea was used
for medical purposes.  When green tea was developed in Chine, tea became a
popular beverage.  Tea was introduced into England in about 1660.  It was a gift
from the British East India Tea Company.  The Company became a monopoly.  It
controlled the trade of tea from China and from India.    Soon, tea was introduced to
the rest of Europe and became a very popular beverage.  
	Tea is made from young leaves and leaf buds of a type of evergreen plant
known as Camellia sinensis.  The name really means Chinese camellia.  The name is
because there are so many different types of teas.  A Chinese writer said there were
"a thousand and ten teas".  Tea is considered black, green or oolong.  Most of the
international trade today is in black tea.   Today, tea is drank all over the world,
including the United States.  Tea is produced in about 30 countries, but China is still
the largest exporter of tea.  
	Acupuncture is an ancient Chinese medical technique used to relieve pain,
cure disease and improve general health.  This medical technique consists of inserting
hair-thin needles through particular spots of the skin.  These spots are called
neuroreceptors.  The points are then stimulated by twirling, by heat or by use of a
weak electrical current.
	Acupuncture has been practiced in China for over 4,000 years.  It  was
practiced by the Chinese immigrant doctors who first came to the United States.  
However, it was only in 1972 that acupuncture received publicity.  This happened
when a newspaper correspondent who was with Nixon his trip to China had to have
an emergency appendectomy.  The correspondent got pain relief through
acupuncture.  Since that time, many American physicians and dentists have been
trained to use acupuncture and learned about its benefits.
	The Chinese, like many immigrant groups, suffered difficult beginnings in
their new life in the United States.  However, many of them eventually succeeded in
making a better life for themselves and their families.  In addition, the Chinese are
responsible for important and lasting contributions to American life.  This essay
describes three of these contributions.  They are ginseng, tea and acupuncture.