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Rozumienie ze słuchu

Rozdział I Wprowadzenie

Przykłady Przykład 1. str. 13

1. T ...I was going to close the shop...

2. F ...Five years since l saw him.

3. F ...he told me the address but I can't remember where

he said it was.

4. F ...His wife is French...

5. T ... he said something about his mother-in-law com-

ing over to help out - she wants to be closer to her daughter and grandchildren.

1.6 T ... she's going to spend the summers here and the

winters in Paris.

1.7 F ... I always thought of Steven as someone who

would do well for himself. He had some of the best ideas about opening up a business.

1.8 T And why didn't we think of opening a restaurant

instead of a bookshop?

Komentarz

Zadanie to sprawdza, czy potrafisz stwierdzić, czy nagranie zawiera określone informacje, a także czy jesteś w stanie określić stan emocjonalny mówiącego oraz jego intencje, tzn. cel wypowiedzi. Zauważ, że w większości przypadków wyrażenia w zadaniach nie są sformułowane dokładnie takim samym językiem, jak informacje w nagraniu. Zwróć też uwagę, że pewnych informacji nie słyszysz wprost. Na przykład, mówiący nie wypowiada się bezpośrednio na temat dzieci Stevena, a zadanie 1.5. wymaga stwierdzenia, czy Steven je posiada. Niemniej z fragmentu, który mówiący wypowiada o teściowej Stevena, wynika, że ma on dzieci. Właśnie ta umiejętność określenia pewnej informacji na podstawie analizy elementów tekstu jest sprawdzana przy pomocy zadania 1.5. Również zadania 1.7. i 1.8. wymagają wyciągnięcia wniosków na podstawie informacji, która nie jest przekazana wprost. W przypadku zadania 1.7. mówiący wymienia powody, dla których można było sądzić, że Stevenowi powiedzie się w biznesie, i stąd nie może on być zdziwiony, że Steven odniósł sukces. Rozwiązanie zadania 1.8. wymaga odczytania ostatniego zdania w tekście jako wyrażenia żalu, że mówiący nie podjął kiedyś trafniejszej decyzji biznesowej.

Przykład 2. str. 15

2.1. B And how are my sweet little girls? ...why don't you

make him Moussaka!... I remember when he was a little boy, that's all he would eat!

2. F Hello, Peter? It's Paul Ford.

3. C Do you happen to have file 443 by any chance?

... it's right here on my desk.

2.4. A It was pretty quiet with you gone but Peaches

kept me company ... Yeah, thanks a million for taking care of him for me. I don't know what I would have done without you!...

2.5. E Have you finished? I didn't really fee theneedlel...

Komentarz

Treść rozmowy prowadzonej przez kobiety, z których jedna gotowała dla George'a w przeszłości, a druga gotuje dla niego obecnie, sugeruje, że jedna to matka, a druga to żona, tak więc rozmawiają osoby w rodzinie. Matka George'a pyta synową, jak miewają się jej ukochane dziewczynki (=wnuczki).

Rozmowę drugą prowadzą dwaj mężczyźni. Nie są przyjaciółmi, ponieważ dzwoniący wymienia swoje imię i nazwisko. Rozmowę trzecią prowadzą osoby pracujące w tej samej instytucji (firmie lub urzędzie): słyszysz o segregatorze/aktach nr 443 leżącym/ch na biurku jednej z nich i co więcej, osoby te umawiają się na lunch w tym samym budynku. Rozmowa czwarta to rozmowa przyjaciółek. Jedna z nich opowiada swoje wrażenia z urlopu, druga opiekowała się zwierzakiem przyjaciółki w czasie jej nieobecności. W ostatniej rozmowie słyszymy lekarza i jego stałego pacjenta - lekarz zna samego pacjenta i jego rodzinę, ale charakter tej znajomości, a także samej rozmowy, określa zawód wykonywany przez jednego z rozmówców.

Przykład 3. str. 17

3.1 B If you want to buy an expensive item and do not

have the money at that particular time, you can buy it on your credit card...

2. A ...travel insurance may be an automatic benefit.

3. C ...credit cards are accepted almost everywhere...

4. A ... Don't spend more money than you can afford to

pay off... If you can, pay your credit card bill in full every month.

3.5 B Don't spend more than you can afford to pay off.

Don't go over your limit... pay your credit card bill in full every month ... Keep track off what you spend. File receipts somewhere safe...

3.6 C Odpowiedź na podstawie całego tekstu: słyszysz

więcej o zaletach niż o wadach posiadania karty kredytowej.

Komentarz

W zadaniu 3.1. prawidłowa jest odpowiedź B, ponieważ dogodność posiadania karty kredytowej polega na możliwości zakupu towarów, nawet jeśli w danej chwili nie dysponuje się odpowiednią gotówką. Zwróć uwagę, że możliwość A suge­ruje, że dzięki karcie każdy zakupiony towar można spłacić w ratach, w tekście mowa jest zaś wyłącznie o kupowaniu w tym systemie drogich rzeczy. W zadaniu 3.2. chodzi o to, że jeśli opłacisz podróż kartą kredytową, ubezpieczenie (na podróż) możesz dostać gratis, stąd poprawna jest odpowiedź A. W zadaniu 3.3. prawidłową odpowiedzią jest C, ponieważ zaletą posiadania karty, kiedy jesteś w podróży, jest to, że możesz z niej skorzystać praktycznie wszędzie. W zadaniu 3.4. prawidłowa jest odpowiedź A. Korzystanie z kredytu, który zapewnia Ci karta, w sposób odpowiedzialny wymaga, byś nie wydawał przy jej pomocy pieniędzy, na które nie masz pokrycia (you can't afford to pay off) a więc, byś mógł zwrócić pieniądze wydane na kredyt, kiedy otrzymasz rachunek z banku. Wykonanie zadania 3.5. wymaga ogarnięcia w całości drugiej części tekstu, w której mówiący omawia potencjalne ryzyko związane z posiadaniem karty kredytowej. Mówiący poświęca dłuższą część swojej wypowiedzi podaniu kilku rad praktycznych dotyczących korzystania z karty kredytowej, stąd właściwa jest odpowiedź B. W zadaniu 3.6. prawidłowa jest odpowiedź C, ponieważ mówiący nie wypowiada się o kartach kredytowych w kontekście wolności osobistej (freedom) posiadacza karty. W nagraniu słyszysz o freedom of credit, a więc o swobodzie, jaką daje kredyt, a to nie to samo, co wolność jako dobro osobiste. Zwróć uwagę, że poprzez zastosowanie przeczenia, możliwość A wyraża sens przeciwny do tego, jaki wyraża tekst. Prawdą jest, że w nagraniu słyszysz więcej o zaletach posiadania karty niż o jej wadach, i stąd poprawna jest odpowiedź C.

Poziom podstawowy

Zadania Zadanie 1. str.19

1.1 T ... I talk for a living. I talk commercial talk-you know,

radio stuff.

1.2 F Don't buy just any ordinary battery. Depend on

Eternal Battery!

1.3 F Yes, dear... I did, dear. Is there anything else you

want me to do?... Yes. Dear.

1.4 T For a great night out, Carlito's is the place to be ...

dance the night away to the hottest Salsa band in town. Just off Highway 7.

1.5 T So, why don't you call me - if I'm not here just leave

a message - Hey, then I can check out your voice!

Zadanie 2. str.19

2.1 F ... that was Chick Corea that we saw, one of the greatest jazz musicians of all time.

2.2. F ... jazz ... doesn't stick to a predictable rhythm like

pop music does ... it definitely has a beat that can get your feet tapping!

3. T ...I prefer music with words.

4. T ... you can let me try and explain the music to

you.

... it would be a good idea for me to learn about jazz.

2.5. T I believe the government helps support jazz

and gives the public free concerts because it's considered more of an art form than pop music is. But hey, that's just my opinion.

Zadanie 3. str.19

3.1. T Oh... it's OK... I thought I saw a spider... spiders

scare the life out of me!

2. F ...and hear scary music.

3. T Well, the picture they show you at first is of a spider

a very long way away, so that all you can really see is a dot. Then they make the spider look as though it's a bit closer, so that you can see its legs, then a bit closer and a bit closer until you feel like it's right in front of you.

3.4. F ... after she tried virtual reality treatment she was

able to hold a live tarantula in her hand for over half an hour.

3.5. F Hmm. I'm not sure. Maybe I'll find out more about

this treatment.

Zadanie 4. str.20

4.1. T The game of golf as we know it today originated from

A game played in Scotland...

4.2. F In 1457, King James II banned golf because the

Scottish people were so keen to play the game that they played golf when they were supposed to be taking part in military training in order to defend Scotland from an English invasion.

4.3. F ... Mary Queen of Scots, who was French, took the

game across the channel to her home country.

4.4. T The first golf club was the Gentlemen Golfers of

Leith, formed in 1744. Members of this club played to rules written by Duncan Forbes. These rules were adopted by the St Andrews Society of Golfers in 1759...

4.5. T Because golf equipment was so expensive, it was

a game only the wealthy could afford to play. However, this soon changed when clubs made entirely from metal and balls made from man-made materials became available. These products were mass-produced and anyone could afford to buy them and play with them.

4.6. F St Andrews became the most famous and most

highly regarded golf club because of its excellent course ... Why not visit a course near you and see what all the fuss is about?

Zadanie5. str.20

5.1. F If you're lucky, investing £500 could add £5,000 to

the resale value of your home.

5.2. T ... make sure that the buyer finds your house

attractive even before they come inside. Remember that buyers form first impressions when they look at your house from the outside.

5.3. F If you're busy and do not have the time, call in

a professional cleaning service.

5.4. F ... most buyers prefer natural, earthy colours rather

than bright, bold shades.

5.5. T ... if you discover that a major job needs doing when

the time comes to sell, it is usually worth paying to put it right as it could bring the value of the property down by far more than it'll cost to have the repair done.

5.6. F It's pointless spending £20,000 improving your

property if it can only add £10,000 to its sale price.

Zadanie 6. str.21

6.1. B In the South of England, there will be showers early

this morning, but it'll clear up and there'll be plenty of sun during the day.

6.2. E In Wales it is going to be another day with showers,

but it'll start clearing up in the evening.

6.3. F The West is going to wake up to a breezy morning...

For the afternoon, you can expect some sunny spells and a gentle northerly breeze.

6.4. D ... in Scotland ... Showers and thunderstorms will

continue throughout the day.

6.5. C In Northern Ireland, it'll be cool and blustery with

a maximum temperature of 2 degrees C, dropping to a low of minus 2 tomorrow.

Zadanie7. str.21

7.1. A ...you must let your hostess know whether or not you

will be attending well before the date of the dinner party.

2. E ...guests should always give the hostess a small gift.

3. F ...call your guests to the table and direct them to their

seats. Even if you have used name cards guests can have trouble getting seated...

7.4. H Never put a utensil back on the tablecloth. Rest it on

the side of the plate instead.

7.5. J If you have to leave the table during the meal, put

your napkin on your chair, then put it back on your knees when you return.

Zadanie 8. str.21

8.1. D ... we use the energy of the sun ... In the same

way, solar panels collect the energy of the sun ... The energy of the sun can also be used stored in a battery.

8.2. F ... the movement of the atmospheric air... the air

can turn machines which collect energy on energy farms.

8.3. B Long ago, people bathed and cooked in hot springs,

which are simply springs bringing thermal water from down below to the surface of the earth ... the capital of Iceland is heated mostly by the energy of geothermal water.

8.4. A The process that produces the heat in a reactor is

the splitting of uranium atoms ... radioactive gases and fluids... the Chernobyl nuclear plant disaster.

8.5. C Flowing water can be used to produce electricity ...

Hydropower is one of the cleanest and cheapest sources of energy....

Zadanie 9. str.22

A NONE Peter: ... You could easily do your job from

home and send your work to the company via

e-mail.

B JANET ...I could take a day off in the week and work at

the weekend instead.

C PETE ...you wouldn't be stressed about being late.

D JANET ... I could work in casual clothes instead of

having to wear a suit for the office.

E NONE Peter: ... not to mention what you'd save on

travelling costs. No more train tickets to buy or

taxi fares to pay.

F JANET There would always be more things keeping

me away from work than in the office.

G PETE Then again, you might end up working more

than you do now, because you wouldn't have

a set finishing time.

H JANET ... it's just a case of the grass always looking

greener on the other side of the fence. I guess

I'll just stick with what I'm used to.

Zadanie 10. str.22

10.1. B 35 percent said that they had some sleep

problems every night or almost every night of the previous year... 34 percent of people aged 15 and older reported insomnia.

10.2. E An insomniac suffers from one or all of these

symptoms every night or almost every night for the period of one month or longer.

10.3. C ... people with insomnia are in fact getting at

least as much sleep as they require, and possibly more.

10.4. A Many elderly people with sleep problems take

naps during the day ... naps are related to a higher death rate in this age group... the risk of developing a new depression is almost 40 times higher for people with insomnia...

10.5. F If you believe that you cannot function properly

without having had a good night's sleep, then even one night of poor sleep may lead to your staying in bed later or taking a long nap. While 10-minute naps during the day may be refreshing, longer siestas may make it impossible for you to fall asleep and stay asleep at night.

Zadanie 11. str.23

11.1. C ... you are not only a published writer yourself,

but you're also a literary agent who has read thousands of first novels.

11.2. B ... a novel should ask one dramatic question.

... There should always be a central question which the story can develop around.

11.3. A People ... like to read about places they don't

know.

4. D ...takecarenottoletthescenesdrag.

5. B ... if you make a promise to your readers, you

must keep it. If you mention a knife or gun in the early pages, the reader expects that weapon to be used ... Don't make promises to your reader you are not going to deliver.

11.6. C Odpowiedź na podstawie całego tekstu, m.in.:

...I wonder how many of our listeners are hoping to get their first book published ... What else should first time authors remember, Paul?

Zadanie 12. str.24

12.1. B Claudius II ... believed that single men made

better soldiers than married men...

12.2. A ...Valentine did not agree with this decision. and

he went against his emperor's wishes. He continued to perform marriages...

12.3. B Before he was put to death, Valentine wrote a

letter to the girl which he signed 'From your Valentine'.

12.4. C ... it is more likely that the Christian church

decided to celebrate Valentine's day in February to try to christianise the celebrations of an ancient pagan festival.

12.5. D As postal rates became cheaper, the act of

sending valentine's greetings became even more common.

12.6. B ... why do we celebrate romance on the 14th

of February?

Zadanie 13. str.25

13.1 C If... you are unlucky enough to be part of the
, 10 percent of the population who suffers from cat

allergies...

13.2. A Cat allergies are caused when people

develop a reaction to a specific protein produced in a cat's skin. These proteins are called allergens.

13.3. B Do not touch your face, especially your eyes,

until you have washed your hands, as this will spread allergens from the cat onto your face and cause an allergic reaction.

13.4. A ... ask a non-allergic member of the family to

brush the cat every day.

13.5. D ...you should be able to live together peacefully

and happily with only the minimum of allergic reactions.

13.6. C Odpowiedź na podstawie całego tekstu, m.in.:

If you love cats, but you are unlucky enough to be part of the 10 percent of the population who suffers from cat allergies, you may be interested to hear that there are ways of making life easier for yourself.

Zadanie 14. str.26

14.1. A ...the biggest problem is finding the willpower to

stay away from forbidden foods.

14.2. D ...you need to build a positive picture of success

... This picture will be your goal...

14.3. D Don't just plan to diet or exercise; make sure

you actually do it! ... When you get up every morning, think of your plan and make sure your actions follow that plan.

14.4. B Don't let anyone change your mind once you

have decided on you r plan.

14.5. C The best dieting companions are people who

are already losing weight...

14.6. A Odpowiedź na podstawie całego tekstu, m.in.:

... but if you follow these steps, you are sure to succeed in reaching your ideal weight. Good luck!

f

Zadanie 15. str.27

15.1. C People use the phrase 'April Showers' to

describe the weather during April but it is in some way incorrect to use this phrase with this meaning in mind.

15.2. A ... the, often, very heavy showers and down-

pours that characterise April ...

15.3. C The jet stream is a band of very strong winds ...

When air starts moving up, the surrounding cooler air moves in to fill the area of low pressure. This explains these strong winds.

15.4. A April is the month that many people look forward

to for many reasons.

15.5. B Wybierasz odpowiedź B przez eliminację

pozostałych, o których wiesz, że nie są prawdziwe; to come back to life oznacza 'wrócić do życia, ożyć': It is the month when most of the plants and hedgerows begin growing...

15.6. A Odpowiedź na podstawie całego tekstu: nie

słyszysz o suszy (drought). Słyszysz o lekkim deszczu (April can bring ... drizzly days.) oraz o mrozach w kwietniu (from fog and frost).

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