Yes/No questions" oraz "Wh-questions"

YES/NO QUESTIONS

 

Yes/no questions to pytania, które w języku polskim zaczynają się często od “czy”. Wymagają one udzielenia odpowiedzi typu “tak” (yes) lub “nie” (no) i stąd ich nazwa. Oczywiście, istnieje szereg innych dopuszczalnych odpowiedzi w rodzaju: I don't know/Maybe/I guess so etc.

Pytania typu yes/no questions tworzymy przez szyk przestawny (inwersję):

It will rain tomorrow.

Will it rain tomorrow?       I don't think so.

 

I'm tired.

Are you tired?                      Yes, I am.

 

 

WH-QUESTIONS

 

Na początku pytań wh-questions stoi zaimek pytający. Ponieważ w języku angielskim większość zaimków pytających zaczyna się od liter wh- (np. what, where, who) stąd nazwa tego rodzaju pytań. Użycie zaimka pytającego nie zwalnia od konieczności zastosowania szyku przestawnego:

 

I'm going to France next weekend.

Where are you going next weekend?

 

I prefer the yellow one.

Which one do you prefer?

 

Wh-questions to pytania opisowe, zadawane w celu zasięgania informacji, po których pada zwykle konkretna odpowiedź:

Who did you meet at the station?

Mark and Sue.

 

How did you get to the airport?

I took a taxi.

 

ZAIMKI PYTAJĄCE

 

Poniższa tabela przedstawia podstawowe zaimki pytające:

when	kiedy?	When was Mozart born?
where	gdzie? dokąd?	Where do you usually spend your holidays? Where did she go?
who	kto? kogo? kim?	Who took my umbrella? Who did you see there? Who did they go with?
what	co? jaki? który?	What did you buy? What is the problem? What's the time?
which	który?	Which book is yours?
whose	czyj?	Whose are these shoes?
why	dlaczego? czemu?	Why didn't you tell me?
how	jak?	How should I tell her?

Nie są to jedyne zaimki pytające w języku angielskim. Istnieje jeszcze całkiem spora grupa zaimków złożonych.

Np.:

how much     ile                   How much do you earn?

how many     ile                   How many chairs do we need?

how old         ile (lat)           How old is your mother?

how often      jak często       How often do you watch TV?

how long       ile  czasu/       How long did it take you to get to Berlin?

                        jak długo       

WH Question Words

We use question words to ask certain types of questions (question word questions). We often refer to them as WH words because they include the letters WH (for example WHy, HoW).

Question Word	Function	Example
what	asking for information about something	What is your name?
	asking for repetition or confirmation	What? I can't hear you. You did what?
what...for	asking for a reason, asking why	What did you do that for?
when	asking about time	When did he leave?
where	asking in or at what place or position	Where do they live?
which	asking about choice	Which colour do you want?
who	asking what or which person or people (subject)	Who opened the door?
whom	asking what or which person or people (object)	Whom did you see?
whose	asking about ownership	Whose are these keys? Whose turn is it?
why	asking for reason, asking what...for	Why do you say that?
why don't	making a suggestion	Why don't I help you?
how	asking about manner	How does this work?
	asking about condition or quality	How was your exam?
how + adj/adv	asking about extent or degree	see examples below
how far	distance	How far is Pattaya from Bangkok?
how long	length (time or space)	How long will it take?
how many	quantity (countable)	How many cars are there?
how much	quantity (uncountable)	How much money do you have?
how old	age	How old are you?
how come (informal)	asking for reason, asking why	How come I can't see her?

Wh- Questions

Wh- Questions allow a speaker to find out more information about topics. They are as follows:

When? Where? Who? Why? How? What?

Time Place Person Reason Manner Object/Idea/Action

Other words can also be used to inquire about specific information:

Which (one)? Whose? Whom? How much? How many? How long? How often? How far? What kind (of)?

Choice of alternatives Possession Person (objective formal) Price, amount (non-count) Quantity (count) Duration Frequency Distance Description

The “grammar” used with wh- questions depends on whether the topic being asked about is the “subject” or “predicate” of a sentence. For the subject pattern, simply replace the person or thing being asked about with the appropriate wh-word.

(Someone has my baseball.) (Something is bothering you.)

Who has my baseball? What is bothering you?

For the predicate pattern, wh- question formation depends on whether there is an “auxiliary” verb in the original sentence. Auxiliary or “helping” verbs are verbs that precede main verbs. Auxiliary verbs are italicized in the following sentences.

I can do it.
They are leaving.
I have eaten my lunch.
I should have finished my homework.

To make a question using the predicate pattern, first form a yes/no question by inverting the subject and (first) auxiliary verb. Then, add the appropriate wh- word to the beginning of the sentence.

(You will leave some time.)	… will you leave When will you leave?
(He is doing something.)	… is he doing What is he doing?
(They have been somewhere.)	… have they been Where have they been?

If there is no auxiliary and the verb is “be,” invert the subject and verb, then add the appropriate wh- word to the beginning of the sentence.

(He is someone.)	… is he Who is he?
(The meeting was some time)	… was the meeting When was the meeting?

If there is no auxiliary and the verb is not “be,” add do to the beginning of the sentence. Then add the appropriate wh-question word. Be sure to “transfer” the tense and number from the main verb to the word do.

(You want something.)	… do you want What do you want?
(You went somewhere.)	… did you go (past tense) Where did you go?
She likes something.)	… does she like (third person -s) What does she like?

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