Wydział Chemiczny |
Wyznaczanie współczynnika przepływu
w zwężkach pomiarowch dla cieczy
Laboratorium inżynierii chemicznej
Grupa III |
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Czwartek 9:15-12:00 |
07.03.2013
1. Cel ćwiczenia
Ćwiczenie polegało na wyskalowaniu czterech zwężek pomiarowych o różnych modułach oraz wyznaczeniu dla nich współczynników przepływu.
2. Aparatura
Schemat instalacji badawczej przedstawiony jest na rysunku 1.
3. Metodyka badań
Podczas wykonywania ćwiczenia korzystano z punktu 4.Metodyka pomiarów zawartego w instrukcji do tego ćwiczenia:
4. Wyniki badań
Wyniki badań zostały zgromadzone w tabeli:
Numer pomiaru |
Δh zw.1 [mmHg] |
Δh zw.2 [mmHg] |
Δh zw.3 [mmHg] |
Δh zw.4 [mmHg] |
Czas napełniania zbiornika [s] |
I |
483 |
266 |
193 |
112 |
8,66 |
II |
479 |
263 |
192 |
113 |
10,54 |
III |
395 |
216 |
159 |
94 |
10,59 |
IV |
345 |
191 |
141 |
84 |
11,32 |
V |
291 |
159 |
118 |
72 |
12,76 |
VI |
237 |
130 |
101 |
60 |
13,42 |
VII |
187 |
106 |
92 |
50 |
14,72 |
VIII |
153 |
83 |
64 |
38 |
17,14 |
IX |
115 |
64 |
51 |
32 |
19,61 |
X |
88 |
53 |
39 |
26 |
22,46 |
XI |
58 |
33 |
29 |
18 |
27,19 |
5. Obliczenia przykładowe
różnicę ciśnień w manometrze oblicza się, korzystając z zależności:
∆p = ∆h (ρHg - ρH2O) g,
ρHg - gęstość cieczy manometrycznej, wynosząca 13533,6kg/m3 ρH2O - gęstość wody dla T=20oC, wynosząca 998, 21kg/m3 g - przyspieszenie ziemskie, wynoszące 9,81 m/s2 |
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∆p1 = ∆h1 (ρHg - ρHO) g = 0,483m (13533,6kg/m3 - 998,21kg/m3)∙9,81 m/s2 = 59395,561 Pa
b) obliczenia modułu zweżki:
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pole powierzchni zwężki:
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objętość zbiornika:
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e). prędkość przepływu cieczy:
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współczynnik przepływu:
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g). Obliczenia liczby Reynoldsa:
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6. Zestawienie wyników
zwężka 1 d0=27,35mm
Lp. |
V |
Δh1 |
Δp1 |
(2·Δp/ρ)1/2 |
t |
V |
αdoświad |
w0 |
Re0 |
αteoret |
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[m3/h] |
[mmHg] |
[Pa] |
[m/s] |
[s] |
[m3/s] |
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[m/s] |
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1 |
~15 |
483 |
59395,6 |
10,9089 |
8,66 |
0,005080831 |
0,792774 |
8,64829 |
236107,3 |
0,63 |
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2 |
~14 |
479 |
58903,7 |
10,8636 |
10,54 |
0,004174573 |
0,654082 |
7,105711 |
193993,3 |
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3 |
~13 |
395 |
48574 |
9,8652 |
10,59 |
0,004154863 |
0,716879 |
7,072162 |
193077,4 |
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4 |
~12 |
345 |
42425,4 |
9,2197 |
11,32 |
0,003886926 |
0,717604 |
6,616095 |
180626,3 |
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5 |
~11 |
291 |
35784,9 |
8,4675 |
12,76 |
0,003448276 |
0,693176 |
5,869451 |
160242,1 |
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6 |
~10 |
237 |
29144,4 |
7,6416 |
13,42 |
0,003278689 |
0,730321 |
5,580789 |
152361,4 |
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7 |
~9 |
187 |
22995,8 |
6,7878 |
14,72 |
0,00298913 |
0,74957 |
5,087921 |
138905,5 |
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8 |
~8 |
153 |
18814,7 |
6,1398 |
17,14 |
0,002567095 |
0,711679 |
4,369556 |
119293,4 |
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9 |
~7 |
115 |
14141,8 |
5,3230 |
19,61 |
0,002243753 |
0,717487 |
3,819184 |
104267,7 |
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10 |
~6 |
88 |
10821,6 |
4,6564 |
22,46 |
0,001959038 |
0,716126 |
3,334559 |
91036,94 |
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11 |
~5 |
58 |
7132,39 |
3,7803 |
27,19 |
0,001618242 |
0,728647 |
2,754476 |
75200,06 |
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zwężka 2 d0=31,83mm
Lp. |
V |
Δh2 |
Δp2 |
(2·Δp/ρ)1/2 |
t |
V |
αdoświad |
w0 |
Re0 |
αteoret |
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[m3/h] |
[mmHg] |
[Pa] |
[m/s] |
[s] |
[m3/s] |
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[m/s] |
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1 |
~15 |
266 |
32710,6 |
8,095585928 |
8,66 |
0,005080831 |
0,788721 |
6,385158 |
202875,8 |
0,67 |
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2 |
~14 |
263 |
32341,7 |
8,049804679 |
10,54 |
0,004174573 |
0,651724 |
5,246249 |
166689,2 |
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3 |
~13 |
216 |
26562 |
7,295151981 |
10,59 |
0,004154863 |
0,715746 |
5,221479 |
165902,2 |
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4 |
~12 |
191 |
23487,7 |
6,860000575 |
11,32 |
0,003886926 |
0,712064 |
4,884758 |
155203,5 |
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5 |
~11 |
159 |
19552,6 |
6,259015552 |
12,76 |
0,003448276 |
0,692361 |
4,3335 |
137688,4 |
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6 |
~10 |
130 |
15986,4 |
5,659514079 |
13,42 |
0,003278689 |
0,728044 |
4,120377 |
130916,9 |
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7 |
~9 |
106 |
13035,1 |
5,110464798 |
14,72 |
0,00298913 |
0,735057 |
3,756485 |
119354,9 |
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8 |
~8 |
83 |
10206,7 |
4,522166149 |
17,14 |
0,002567095 |
0,713398 |
3,226107 |
102503,2 |
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9 |
~7 |
64 |
7870,22 |
3,970977767 |
19,61 |
0,002243753 |
0,710092 |
2,819759 |
89592,26 |
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10 |
~6 |
53 |
6517,53 |
3,613644314 |
22,46 |
0,001959038 |
0,681294 |
2,461953 |
78223,69 |
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11 |
~5 |
33 |
4058,08 |
2,851441319 |
27,19 |
0,001618242 |
0,713207 |
2,033669 |
64615,82 |
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zwężka 3 d0=33,55mm
Lp. |
V |
Δh3 |
Δp3 |
(2·Δp/ρ)1/2 |
t |
V |
αdoświad |
w0 |
Re0 |
αteoret |
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[m3/h] |
[mmHg] |
[Pa] |
[m/s] |
[s] |
[m3/s] |
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[m/s] |
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1 |
~15 |
193 |
23733,6 |
6,895823276 |
8,66 |
0,005080831 |
0,833439 |
5,747247 |
192475 |
0,68 |
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2 |
~14 |
192 |
23610,7 |
6,877935248 |
10,54 |
0,004174573 |
0,686561 |
4,722121 |
158143,6 |
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3 |
~13 |
159 |
19552,6 |
6,259015552 |
10,59 |
0,004154863 |
0,750889 |
4,699826 |
157396,9 |
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4 |
~12 |
141 |
17339,1 |
5,894093553 |
11,32 |
0,003886926 |
0,745958 |
4,396745 |
147246,8 |
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5 |
~11 |
118 |
14510,7 |
5,391982477 |
12,76 |
0,003448276 |
0,7234 |
3,900561 |
130629,6 |
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6 |
~10 |
101 |
12420,2 |
4,988479081 |
13,42 |
0,003278689 |
0,743459 |
3,70873 |
124205,2 |
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7 |
~9 |
92 |
11313,4 |
4,761035088 |
14,72 |
0,00298913 |
0,71018 |
3,381193 |
113236 |
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8 |
~8 |
64 |
7870,22 |
3,970977767 |
17,14 |
0,002567095 |
0,731256 |
2,903802 |
97248,15 |
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9 |
~7 |
51 |
6271,58 |
3,544806689 |
19,61 |
0,002243753 |
0,715991 |
2,53805 |
84999,15 |
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10 |
~6 |
39 |
4795,91 |
3,099843526 |
22,46 |
0,001959038 |
0,714872 |
2,215991 |
74213,42 |
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11 |
~5 |
29 |
3566,19 |
2,673046215 |
27,19 |
0,001618242 |
0,684797 |
1,830495 |
61303,18 |
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zwężka 4 d0=35,55mm
L.p. |
V |
Δh4 |
Δp4 |
(2·Δp/ρ)1/2 |
t |
V |
αdoświad |
w0 |
Re0 |
αteoret |
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[m3/h] |
[mmHg] |
[Pa] |
[m/s] |
[s] |
[m3/s] |
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[m/s] |
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1 |
~15 |
112 |
13772,9 |
5,253109816 |
8,66 |
0,005080831 |
1,094066 |
5,747247 |
192475 |
0,68 |
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2 |
~14 |
113 |
13895,9 |
5,276509085 |
10,54 |
0,004174573 |
0,894933 |
4,722121 |
158143,6 |
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3 |
~13 |
94 |
11559,4 |
4,812507234 |
10,59 |
0,004154863 |
0,976586 |
4,699826 |
157396,9 |
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4 |
~12 |
84 |
10329,7 |
4,54932655 |
11,32 |
0,003886926 |
0,966461 |
4,396745 |
147246,8 |
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5 |
~11 |
72 |
8854 |
4,21185796 |
12,76 |
0,003448276 |
0,92609 |
3,900561 |
130629,6 |
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6 |
~10 |
60 |
7378,33 |
3,84488269 |
13,42 |
0,003278689 |
0,964589 |
3,70873 |
124205,2 |
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7 |
~9 |
50 |
6148,61 |
3,509881634 |
14,72 |
0,00298913 |
0,963335 |
3,381193 |
113236 |
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8 |
~8 |
38 |
4672,94 |
3,059843869 |
17,14 |
0,002567095 |
0,949003 |
2,903802 |
97248,15 |
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9 |
~7 |
32 |
3935,11 |
2,807905307 |
19,61 |
0,002243753 |
0,903894 |
2,53805 |
84999,15 |
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10 |
~6 |
26 |
3197,28 |
2,53101164 |
22,46 |
0,001959038 |
0,875536 |
2,215991 |
74213,42 |
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11 |
~5 |
18 |
2213,5 |
2,10592898 |
27,19 |
0,001618242 |
0,86921 |
1,830495 |
61303,18 |
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7. Wykresy
9