Historical Grammar4

2016-01-13

Language families

•    Albanian: Albanian

•    Hellenie: Ancient Greek (before 4^th c. BC), 'koine' (common Greek), Modern Greek

First Germanie Consonant Shift

p    t    k    h    <i    %    bh    dh    gk

f ! -    ! f !    \ I ił

CfcoiMMtt 5    *    h    p    i    k    b    i    I

Hgsre 3.7, Grima*¹* law_t •>• ihtr. First Coomnaat Sbiti

Old English

OE letters

S|>e!img	urnę	sound	word
<e	ash
P	thorn	I th or d]	jrot 'fhat^5
»	etb	f rh or 6}	&tt 'that^5
3		01	‘mam-^5
P	wynn or wen	fwf	k-jf ‘Wg*
u{«)		rw>	werc wark^:
r		lyl	seddnn ‘$m*:e^!
7 or &	•/empersand	...	‘and^5

• Source: Van Gelderen, E. 2006. A Historyofthe English Language. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, p.50

Vowels

OE sound	OE word	ModE	ModE word
\N	bringan	bring	bring
i /i:/	min	minę	meet
/y/	| hyll	hill	German glueck
/y:/	; mys	| mice	German gruen
^!/e/	! nest	1 nest	nest
/e:/	fet	; feet	German gegen
| /*/	blaec	i black	black
i/ae:/	claene	clean	French etre
N	: sacc	1 sack	got (Am.Eng.)
/a:/	stan	: stone	start
/o/	fox	fox	fox
i /o:/	gos	goose	German wohnen
/u/	fuli	fuli	fuli
/u:/	hus	; house	fool
/0/ and /0:/			oeffnen, Loewe

Consonants

•    Consonants that do not exist in ModEng

•    /r/ - similar to Polish trilled /r/ or American retroflex /r/

•    H could be pronounced as

•    /h/inhand

•    /ę/ in riht

•    /x/ in dohtor

•    3 pronounced as

•    /g/ingift

•    /j/indaeg

•    /y/ in bog

•    C pronounced as

•    /k/ cuman

•    /ć/ in eild

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