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03: In 1952, it developed the hydrogen bomb.

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2011 Dorling Kindersley. Ali Rights Reserved.

U.S.A. January 1958

Launch of the first U.S. satellite, Explorer 1

May 1961

President Kennedy calls for a Moon landing before the end of the decade

February 1962

John Glenn makes the first U.S. manned orbital flight

March 1966

Gemini 8 completes the first dual docking operation in space

December 1968

U.S.A.

01: Itsupported democracy and free-market economy (capitalism).

In 1949, it formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) with Canada, Great Britain, France, and other Western European countries.

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At the height of the Cold War, Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev became so angry during a United Nations meeting in New York that he took off his shoe and banged it on the desk in front of him.

Its highest deployment of nuclear warheads was 32,000 (1965).

In August 1945,

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Animals in space

^^The first animals in space were fruit flies, put on board a U.S. V-2 rocket in 1947.

^ Laika, a stray mongrei dog, was the first mammal to orbit Earth, on-board Russian satellite Sputnik 2 in 1957. She died after a few hours.

In 1961, Ham (right) became the first chimpanzee to travel in space and return to Earth. He had been specially trained to perform tasks during the flight.

'The first animal to orbit the Moon and come home to Earth was a tortoise, on the Soviet spacecraft Zond 5 in 1968.

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01: Roman Empire

For 700 years, its military power extended throughout Europę, around the Mediterranean, and into the Middle East.

02: Chinese Empire

Asian superpower that dominated its neighbors in central Asia, Korea, and Vietnam from 221 bce - 1912 ce.

03: Ottoman Empire

At its height in the 1500s, this islamie superpower controlled the eastern Mediterranean, lraq, North Africa, and southeast Europę.

04: British Empire

The largest empire in history.

In the late 1800s, it covered nearly almost a quarter of Earth’s surface.

Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD)

was the idea that if both sides stockpiled enough nuclear weapons to wipe out the other, neither would strike first, thus avoiding nuclear war.

Superpowers 292|293