Contetnts 9

Contetnts 9



xiv Contents

Summary 433 References 435 Review Questions 437 chapter15

Molecular Genetics of the Eye 439

Humań Visual System 440

Structure of the Eye 440

Phototransduction: Conversion of Radiant Energy into Nerve Impulses 442

Studying the Molecular Basis of Inherited Disorders of the Humań Eye 444

Genetic Disorders of the Humań Eye 445

Corneal Dystrophies 445

Glaucoma 447

Aniridia 450

Cataracts 452

Retinitis Pigmentosa 455

Congenital Stationary Night Blindness 459

Choroideremia 460

Color Vision Defects 461

from the human genetics files

462


Searchin? for the Genetic Basis of My opia

Isolation of Humań Rhodopsin and Color Opsin Genes 462 Molecular Genetics of Red and Green Color Vision Defects 463 Blue Cone Monochromacy 466 Blue Color Vision Defects 467 Rod Monochromacy 467

Key Terms 468 Summary 468 References 469 Review Questions 470 chapter16

Molecular Genetics of Cancer Syndromes 471

Celi Proliferation and Cancer 472

Signal Transduction Pathway for Celi Proliferation 473 Regulation of the Celi Division Cycle 477 Apoptosis: Programmed Celi Death 480 Tumor Metastasis 481 Oncogenes 482

Alteration of Oncogenes in Cancer Cells 485 Tumor Suppressor Genes 487

Neurofibromatoses 488

Neurofibromatosis Type 1    488

Neurofibromatosis Type 2    490

Breast Cancer 490

Retinoblastoma 493


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