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1) RJNCTFON OF STONHENGE (3 000 BC) Neolithic (New Stone) Age.

-it was a kind of astronomical calendar (stones put in regular intervals, sun showed the first day of season, so they knew when to saw the seeds and when collect the crops)

- meeting place for chiefs to discussljag politics and economical aspects.

-it was a place related with religio)Tntuals

Stone Henge has been built for 1000 years, viflages started growing around henges. The biggest is Arebury Henge

2)    Celtic is nowadays spoken in Scotland

3)    The achievements of Alfred the Great (because he did a lot important things to United Kingdom):

*he was the first king who managed to unify the majority of anglo-saxon kingdoms and became a king of England

*878 Edington organized an army managed to win a battle with Vikings for the first time. ♦ordered that every town and village must be surrounded by walls (to protect from possible riders)

♦ordered a fleet to be build to stop invaders at the sea. He was called “the father of English fleet”

*introduced a writing system of massages sending fforn town to town. (in order to wam other towns fforn invaders). The Vikings couldn’t write and read. He sent a bishop to Romę to ask for morę Romans come to England and established schools. Pupils of those learning centers were sons of knights, nobility and commanders of an army. Ordinary soldier-masanger couldn’t read and even if Vikings caught messenger they werenT able to read it.

*he started to write “The anglo-saxon chronicie” (record of what was happening in England) *He wanted all males to be able to fight. He divided them on two groups: one half of them went to the army for a year, while the other half was working at home. After the year they changed.

*decided to pay money to the Vikings in order to stop invasions- called danegeld.

4)    MAGNA CARTA was sign in 1215 by John the Lackland (P* iKtfłf'')

5)    Why Romans invaded Britain? (55-54 BC)

♦They got interested in territory of France- Gaulia In France people were celtic origin so in case of war the English Celts supported them with weapons, food and give a shelter for refugees (uchodźców), so Julius Cesar first turned his attention into England.

*Britain with good, mild climate and good soils could be a great place to prepare a tood for

Roman army.

*in Britain were natural resource of tin (cyna)

6) St Augustine-an Italian priest who was sent to England by Pope Gregory 1 to teach the people about Christianity. He became the first Archbishop of Canterbury.

7) Namc of tribes (ludy) of invaders in 430 AD:

Angles (kent,south coast) Jutes (east & north middleland) Saxons (between Jutes an Angles)

K)Wiłan Saxons kings had an advisory body (council)-Witan. Members were clerkn , landlords, aristocrats, knights By the end of X century the Witans became the most importa people in country They had a right to elect king, set him on the throne, advise and supp

him It was a kind of govcrn/nent.    , .

l.and divided into shires (administrative units) shire rcevc sherifl, fo inot (sur decided about local matters, Mannor Mouse- Place where taxes were co    ,

l yid Army Introduced by Saxons - not regular army but only when it was n i}\ Wh'it vt/<* l nmv Imrn nftAiwiiłiv Ilonie ^}