F00574 003 f002

A Receptors

Ugand, e.g hormones•

G-protoin-couplod receptors

e.g. Adrenoceptors

Neuropeptide receptors Smell Sight

Roccptor protein tyrosine kinases

e.g. Insulin

Growth factor

Intracollular rccoptors

a Lipophilic hormones Ligand ty and yitamins e.g. Steroids

Thyroid hormones Yitamins A and D

GTP

GDP Activated target protein cascades

*Activated

tyrosine

kinase

^Receptor

Nucieus

DNA

■P

Transcription

Receptors

Second messengers, e.g. cAMP

Cytoskoloton

Gap

junction

Transcriptii

factors

Fusion

Endoplasmic

reticulum

Lysosomc

Degradation ingested toxi substances

mRNA

rotein

Golgi

apparatus

Tight

junction

Modified

protein

Ribosomo

Protein

Secretion

Mitochondria

Pyruvate ATP generation Fatty adds CO2 ,_

Peroxisomo

Lipoproteins

for digestion

Channels

the celi membranę

and poroś

Diffusion

Gases (0₂. C0₂) Water. ethanol Hydrophobic mdecules. e.g. sterokfs. benzene

Facilitatcd

diffusion

(carrier proteins) e.g. Glucose

lon channels

(by size and Gated by ligand. charge) e.g. acetyl cholinę I or vołtage

’ \

Active transport

e g Na*. K*. ATPase Cm R. ABC pumps to extrude drugs and toxins

Endocytosis

e.g. LDL

Receptors

qrs

Recycle membran®

Clatharin

coating

Fusion with (e.g.) lysosomes

© Elsevier. Boon et al.: Davidson's Principles and Practice of Medicine 20e - www.studentconsult.com