REIDER PART 205

shoulder and the hip, to move the limb posterior to the trunk in the sagittal piane.

extension lag The situation in which a joint, most commonly the knee, can be fully extended passively but not actively. external rotation Axial rotation at a joint that tends to rotate the distal limb away from the midline when the patient is viewed from the anterior position.

external rotation test A manipulative test for detecting abnor-mal posterolateral laxity of the knee by demonstrating a uni-latcral increase in passive external rotation.

FABER test (sec Patrick s test)

Fairbanks’ apprehension test (see patellar apprehension test) femoral anteversion, femoral retroversion The angle between the femoral neck and a piane defined by the śhaft of the femur and the flexion axis of the knee; in anteversion, the femoral neck angles anteriorly; in retroversion, it angles posteriorly. femoral nerve stretch test A provocative test designed to demonstrate compression of the L2, L3, or L4 nerve roots by passively extending the prone patients hip and flexing the knee on the involved side.

Finkelstein’s test A provocative test in which flexion of the thumb and ulnar deviation of the wrist are used to elicit the pain of dc Quervain’s tenosynovitis. first metatarsal risc test A manipulative test to detect posterior tibial tendon dysfunction by producing passive inversion of the heel and observing whether the first metatarsal remains in contact with the ground.

fiat back deformity Pathologic, usually iatrogenic, straightening of the nor mai thoracic kyphosis or the norma! lumbar lordosis. flcxion iMotion in a limb, a digit, or the spine that tends to bend the involved body segment or, in the case of the shoulder and the hip, to move the limb anterior to the trunk in the sagittal piane.

flexion contracture The condition in which normal extension of a joint is prevented by soft tissue contractures or other abnormalities.

flexed knee gait A gait abnormality in which the knee does not extend normally during ambulation. flexion-rotation drawer test A variation of the pivot shift test designed to be less provocative by inducing a subluxation and a reduction of the knee that are gentler than in the classic pivot shift test.

fluid wave (visible, palpable) A method for detecting an effu-sion in the knee in which the fluid is squeezed into the supra-patellar pouch and then forced back down along the sides of the patella.

foot drop Weakness or paralysis of the muscles that produce ankle dorsiflexion.

forefoot abductus, forefoot abduction A foot deformity in which the forefoot appears deviated laterally in relation to the hindfoot.

forefoot adductus, forefoot adduction A foot deformity in which the forefoot appears deviated medially in relation to the hindfoot.

formication sign (see Tinels sign)

Froment’s sign Flexion of the interphalangeal joint of the thumb during Fromenfs test, owing to unconscious substitu-tion of the flexor pollicis longus for the weakened adductor pollicis; usually a sign of ulnar nervc injury.

Froment’s test A resistive test to cvaluate the strcngth of key pinch, an action powered in the thumb primarily by the adductor pollicis.

__| Glossary 365

fulcrum test A provocative test for stress fractures of the femoral shaft in which the examiner bends the patients thigh over the edge of the examination table in an attcmpt to elicit pain.

Gaenslen’s test A provocative test for sacroiliac joint pain in which the joint is stressed by hyperextending the ipsilatcral hip off the side of the examination table. genu recurvatum Hyperextension of the knee beyond the neu-tral position.

genu yalgura A valgus deformity of the knee(s). genu varum A varus deformity of the knee(s). gibbus A sharply angled kyphosis.

glove or stocking sensory loss A circumferential sensory deficit in the entire limb distal to a certain point, typical of diabetic sensory neuropathy, reflex sympathetic dystrophy, and nonorganic disorders.

gluteus maximus lurch A gait abnormality in which the patient loeks the hip in extension as the contralateral limb is advanced for the next step; a sign of gluteus maximus weakness. Godfreys test A method of demonstrating the dropback phe-nomenon by flexing the hips and knees to 90° in the supine, relaxed patient.

grind test A provocative test for arthritis of the basilar joint of the thumb in which the first metacarpal is rotated against the trapezium in an attempt to produce painful grinding. gunstock deformity (see cubitus varus)

Haglund’s deformity, pump bump An abnormal enlargement of the posterior aspect of the calcaneal tuberosity and the associated overlying soft tissue.

hallux rigidus Reduced or absent motion in the first metatar-sophalangeal joint.

hallux valgus Valgus deformity at the first metatarsophalangeal joint, so that the great toe deviates away from the midline. hallux varus Varus deformity at the first metatarsophalangeal joint, so that the great toe deviates toward the midline. Halsted’s test A provocative test for thoracic outlet syndrome, in which downward traction on the patient’s arm is combined with positioning of the head in an attempt to obliterate the radial pulse.

hammer toe A toe deformity consisting of hyperextension of the metatarsophalangeal and the distal interphalangeal joints combined with hyperflexion of the proximal interphalangeal joint; usually involvcs a single digit.

Hawkins’ impingement reinforcement test A test for rotator euff impingement in which the shoulder is flexed 90° and maximally internally rotated.

Heberden’s nodes Arthritic enlargement of the distal interpha-langcal joints of the fingers.

heloma durum (hard corn) A hard collection of dense compacted keratotic tissue that occurs over pressure areas on the toes. heloma molle (soft corn) A soft hyperkeratosis characteristi-cally located in the web spaces between the toes. Hornblower’s sign A test for weakness of the teres minor due to large rotator euff tears in which the patient is asked to main-tain the shoulder in an externally rotated position while the arm is flexed forward.

hyperabduction test A screening test for thoracic outlet syndrome in which the patients radial pulse is palpated as the arms are abducted.

hyperextension Extension of a joint beyond the neutral position. hyperlordosis, swayback deformity A spinał deformity consisting of exccssive lordosis of the lumbar spine.