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VIII

Contents

Introduction....................

Basics

Chemistry

Periodic rabie....................

Bonds .........................

Molecular structure...............

Isomerism......................

Biomolecules 1...................

Biomolecules II..................

Chemical reactions................

Physical Chemistry

Energetics......................

Equilibriums....................

Enthalpy and entropy..............

Reaction kinetics.................

Catalysis.......................

Wat er as a solvent................

Hydrophobic interactions...........

Acids and bases..................

Redox processes..................

Biomolecules

Carbohydrates

Overview.......................

Chemistry of sugars...............

Monosaccharides and disaccharides ...

Polysaccharides: overview..........

Plant polysaccharides..............

Clycosaminoglycans and glycoproteins.

Lipids

Overview.......................

Fatty acids and fats...............

Phospholipids and glycolipids.......

Isoprenoids.....................

Steroid structure.................

Steroids: overview................

Amino Acids

Chemistry and properties...........

Proteinogenic amino acids..........

Non-proteinogenic amino acids......

Peptides and Proteins

Overview.......................

Peptide bonds...................

Secondary structures..............

Structural proteins................ 70

Globular proteins................. 72

Protein folding................... 74

Molecular models: insulin........... 76

Isolation and analysis of proteins.....    78

Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids

Bases and nucleotides.............. 80

RNA........................... 82

DNA........................... 84

Molecular models: DNA and RNA.....    86

Metabolism

Enzymes

Basics.......................... 88

Enzyme catalysis................. 90

Enzyme kinetics I................. 92

Enzyme kinetics 11................ 94

Inhibitors....................... 96

Lactate dehydrogenase: structure.....    98

Lactate dehydrogenase: mechanism ... 100

Enzymatic analysis................ 102

Coenzymes 1.................... 104

Coenzymes2.................... 106

Coenzymes3.................... 108

Activated metabolites.............. 110

Metabolic Regulation

Intermediary metabolism........... 112

Regulatory mechanisms............ 114

Allosteric regulation............... 116

Transcription control.............. 118

Hormonal control................. 120

Energy Metabolism

ATP........................... 122

Energetic coupling................ 124

Energy conservation at membranes. ... 126

Photosynthesis: light reactions....... 128

Photosynthesis: dark reactions....... 130

Molecular models: membranę proteins. 132

Oxoacid dehydrogenases............ 134

Tricarboxylic acid cycle: reactions..... 136

Tricarboxylic acid cycle: functions..... 138

Respiratory Chain................. 140

ATP synthesis.................... 142

Regulation...................... 144

Respiration and fermentation........ 146

Fermentations................... 148

Koolman, Color Atlas of Biochemistry. 2nd edition © 2005 Thieme Ali rights resen/ed. Usage subject to terms and conditions of license.