3 (95)

nntions inny not occur nt nil in humnn 0x1501101100, just as dicinicnl com* pounds cnn be formcd only in ccrtnin limitcd ways. tl is tiuis ovident ihnt llio naming ot emolion:: and thoir inixturos is not a simple łask. The wicie-sprcnd cxistcncc of cmotionnl blcnds witli subtlc varinlions in thc degree of cacli componenl i;; probably ono of thc major rcnsons for Ihc inconsiślcncios in ilic naming and Identification of cmotions in thc generał vocnbulnry.

A Dictionnry of Emocions

Givcn Ibc problcms dcscribcd nbovc, is it possible to pioparc a defini-tive list of emolion words in thc English (or nny other) laliguagc? As alrendy noted, rcsearchers hnvo mado various nttempts in thc past to prcpnre tliis typc of list, altliough ngreomont on thc conlonls of thc list is limitcd.

Wbisscll (1989) bas mado thc most rccont ntlcmpt to cstnblish a diclio-nnry of cmotions. Shc solocted words different lnvcstigr.tors of cmotions uscd and added a groat many words shc obtained. from dictionaries. College students ratecl carh word on dcgrcc o₍f plcasanliies:; nssociated willi the term and on dcgrcc of nctivntion or arousnl associatcd willi thc term. Tliis procedurę yicldcd a finał list of 4,0C0 English words tliat Whissdl ca lis a Dictionmy of A/Jcci. Many of the words, howcver, aro cieniły not emolion words as ordinarily uscd. Examplcs are bank, bonr, eremu, dive, fuli, limp.

Table 3:4

. *.'-f\l

.A Sample of 107 Words from the Dictionary o/Affect with Scores Along the Dimensions of Iwaluation and Activation

Evalun(ion    Evnlualion

Word	Aclivalion		Word	Activalioii
Advcnlurous	•1.2	5.9	Anxious	6.0	2.3
Affcctionalc	•1.7	5.4	Apathelic	3.0	4.3
Afraid	•1.9	3.4	Asliamcd	3.2	2.3
Aggrcssivc	5.9	2.9	Astonished	5.9	4.7
Agrccable	4.3	5.2	Attcntivc	5.3	4.3
Amazed	5.9	5.5	Basliful	2.0	2.7
Ambivalcnt	3.2	4.2	Bcwildercd	3.1	2.3
Amuscd	•1.9	5.0	Bilter	6.6 ‘	4.0
Angry	4.2	2.7	Boasiftil	3.7	3.0
Annoycd	4.4	2.5	Bored	2.7	3.2
Anlagonisiic	5.3	2.5	Ca Im	2.5	5.5
Anticipaiory	3.9	4.7	Cautious	3.3	4.9

Woni

Acliv.llion	l!vnliinli(in 1 f	Word Activnlion		CvaliMlion
5.2	5.0	Iriilalpd j ;	; 5’;S	3.3
•).ll	3.0 .	JC.lliiIlS	6.1,	: 3.4
3.H	.2.4	•' loyful ’i‘ i '	5.4	6.1
•l./l	5.5 i	I.halli6il • ■	•3.5	2.9
2.9	3.7	' Lłinely	3.9	3.3
3.1	5.1	Mcck !	3.0	4.3
<1.9 ^1	2.(1 i	Ncrvous	5.9 .	3.1
• 5.2 ;	'4.2 :	.ObodiciH . ■, ObliK'0/’ o^1*.! ''	3.1 .	4.7
5.3	4.4		2.7	3.0
'1.-1..	2.0 ,. ,	•Oiłlragcd V . ■	4-3 •	3.2
•1.2	6.4 ^1	.'Panickyi i. * '	5.4	3.6
5.3	4.0	1’,Hieni i ' 1	3.3	3.0
4.2	3.1	1’cnśK'c i	3.2	• 5.0
4.1 .	2.0 • •	Plcased •	5.3 •	5.1
5.0	3.7	P0550$Sivc	4.7	2.0
5.2.	2,4	PrOiid i |	4.7	5.3
4.2	M)	Puzzlcd, ; ^1	2.6	.3.0
5.0	3.2	CJu.irrelsoijie .	4.6	2.6
2.1	2.4 •	Kcliellimif. ^1	5.2	•1.0
4.6	2.7	Kojectcd	5.0	7,9
3.11	2.»	Kemiirieóii	3.1
5.0	5.1	KcseniMil	5.1	3.0
5.2	5.5	Sn*l	3.0	2.4
4.4	1 3.1 .	S.ircaslii	4.11	•f *»
3.1	.3:0	. Saiisfied	4/1	4.9
5 1	•Ul	Scńmful. , | . ;i .Self-cćiniroUwT',	.•5'.4	•1.9
5.3	2.0		' *1.4	5.5
5.6	3.7 :! '	Serem* 'i	i 4.3'	4.4
5.3	4.11 !	Sori.ililc . 2	4:0	5.3
2.4	3.2	^: Sormwful '	4.5	3.1
•1.9	3.4	Sliilibarn	4.9	3.1
4.4 ’	2.9 |	Sul>missivc '•	3.4	3.1
. 4.0 ,	1.3 i	.Surprised (| ”, i Suspicil^us ii l.i ,^1	6.5- .	5.2
5.3 ’’ ‘	5.3		; 4.4.	3.0
- 3.5,,	. 2.0 ,f •	Sympaihciić' , f	3.6 >	3.2 .
4.7 • ’	5.2 '	Terrificd	' 6.3	3.4
' 4.0	3.1 \	' Trusllńg ^1 ' i	3.4	5.2
4.0	1.7	Unaffcclionnlc	3.6	2.1
3.4 •.	3.2	Uńfricndl.y .	4.3	1.6
3.1	•Ul .	Wondcring	3.3	5.2
3.4 • 3.1	2:7 2.7	Wor/icd^1 | . • 1	3.9	3.9

Chcerful

Coniir.ud

Conifoipiuous

Conlent

Conlrary

Cooperalivc

Crilic.il

Curious

Daring

Dcfianl

Deliplitcd

Dcniantling .

Dcprćsscd

Dcspairing

Disagrccable

Disappoinlcd

Oiscnuragcd

Disguslcd

DisimcrcslOfl

Oissaiisficd

Disimsiful

ragcr

Ecttalic

dinhairasscd

limpiy

Enliuisiasiic

EiwimiS

Fiirious

C.lccful

Gloomy

Gfcrdy

Grouchy

Cuilly

Happy

Hclploss

llopcful

Hopclcss

Hoslilc

Impaiicnl

lmpnlsivc

lndcc.isivc

Inlnlcr.mt

SnunrC M. Wliissdl, IW.