3 (95)

nntions inny not occur nt nil in humnn expericncc, just ns Chemical com-pounds cnn be formed only in ccrtain limitcd ways. Il is tluis evident Ibnl Ihc naming ot cmoliont: and thoir niixtiiros is not a simple Ińsk. Tbo wicie-sprcnd cNistcncc ofcmosional bicnds with subtlc vnrintions in tlio degree of cncli component is prob.ibly ono of thc major rcnsons for l be inconsisilcncios in thc naming mul Identification of cmotions in Ihc generał vocnbuimy.

A Dictlonnry of Einocions

Givcn tbc problcms dcscribcd nbovc₍ is it possiblo to preparc a dofini-tive list of emolion worcls in tbe English (or nny o thc r) Inhguagc? As nlrcndy noted, resenrehers hnve mado various nttempts in tbe past to preparc this typc of list, although ngreement on tbe conlonls of tbc list is limitcd.

Wbisscll (1989) bas mndc thc most rcccnt ntlcmpt to cslnblish a dictio-nnry of cmotions. Shc soleeted words different lnvcstigators of cmotions uscd and added a great many words shc obtnined. from dictionaries. College students rat cci carb word on degreo of plcasanlncss associatcd willi tbe term and on degree of aclivntion or arousal associatcd with tbe term.

.This proceduro yicldcd a finał list of 4,0C0 English words thnt Wbisscll cnlls a Dictioiuiiy of Affcct. Many of the words, bowcvcr, aro dcnrly not emolion words ns ordinnrily uscd. Examplcs are bank, benr, crcnm, divc, fuli, limp.

Table 3:4 V; .

A Sample of 107 Worcls from the Dićtionary of AJfect with Scores Along the Dimensions of Iivaluation and Activation

twnluntion    Evalualion

Word	Aclivnlion		Word	Actwnlion
Advcnturoi.is	•1.2	5.9	Anxious	6.0	2.3
Affcctionatc	•1.7	5.4	Apathctic	.1.0	4.3
Afraid	•1.9	3.4	Asbamed	3.2	2.3
Aggrcssivc	5.9	2.9	AstonisbccJ	5.9	4.7
Agrccablc	4.3	5.2	Attcntivc	5.3	4.3
Amazcd	5.9	5.5	Oashful	2.0	2.7
Ambivalent	3.2	4.2	OcwiklerccJ	3.1	2.3
Aniuscd	•1.9	5.0	Oilter	6.6'	4.0
Angry	•1.2	2.7	Boastful	3.7	3.0
Annoycd	•l.«l	2.5	Bored	2.7	3.2
Anlagonistic	5.3	2.5	Ca Im	2.5	5.5
Anlicipatory	3.9	4.7	Cautious	3.3	•1.9

Woni

l!vnlunlion    . ^CvnllM,ion

:livnlinn '	l	Word Activ,ilion
5.2	5.0	Iriiialprl .j'^1	.5:5	3.3
•Ml	3.0 ,	, )c,di m<:	6.1. :	3.4
.VII	.2.4 ^1	loyfnl 'i i	■5.4	(l.i
•1 II	5.5 i	l.tcilhlul • •	•3.5	2.0
2.0	3.7	■' Lcincly	3.0	3.3
.VI	5.1	Mcck !	3.0	4.3
<1.0 ^1 '	2.0 i	NĆrvoiis	5.0 .	3.1
5.2 .	'•1.2 :	.Ohctlicni , , .	3.1 .	<1.7
5.3	4.4	Obliuin/; u’*.!	' 2.7	3.0
<1.-1,,	2.0,.	-OiJIrngcd . f	<1.3 i	3.2
<1.2	6,1	, P.inickyi, i. ’	’ 5.4	3.6
5.3	<1.0	Pnticnf i '	3.3	3.0
<1.2	3.1	Pcnśive ;	3.2	• 5.0
<1.1 .	2.0	. • • Plcosed ;	5.3 •	5.1
5.0	3.7	P0S$CSSivC	4.7	2.0
5 i	2.4	Picnid i |	4.7	5.3
•1.2	Ml	Plizzlcfl, : ^1	2.6	3.0
S.f)	3.2	(Jii.irrclsoijiu .	<1.6	2.6
2.1	2.4 •	KclHtltinus .'	5.b	4.0
<1.f.	2.7	Kcji-clcfl	5.0	7.0
3.11	2.0	Kuinori-Clui	3.1	• "
5.0	5.1	Rc.wiclful	5.1	3.0
5.2	5.5	■' S.iil	3.0	2.4
4.'1 1	3.1	S,irr:.i5li<	4.11
3.1	3:1)	^1 . SiilisOcd	4.1	4.0
5.1	4.11	• Scdmful. ,-| .,i	•5'.4	•1.9
5.3	2.0	.... Sclfrcmlrolliio',	' <1.4	5.5
5.6	3.7	',! ' ■ Serem* -'i	: 4.3	4.4
5.3	4.111	Soii.ibl'.- • 3	4:0 •	:»..l
2,<l	3.2	•' Sormwful '	4.5	.{.1
■1.0	3.4	Slubbom	4.0	3.1
<l.<1 ’ ’’	2.0 |	Sul)iiiis5ivc •	3.4	3.1
<1.0 ,	I..1 !	.Surprised ,	, 6.5- .	5.2
5.3 •‘ ‘	5.3	Su5pięib,us' ii l.i	4.4 -	3.0
. 3.5,,	. 2.0,1-	. • Śympalboiię- ,	r 3.6 ■	3.2 .
<1.7 • ^1	5.2	Tcrrificd i. ’	' 6-3	3.4
• <1.0	3.1	’. ' Tfiistińg ^1 ’	3.4	5.2
4.0	1.7	Unaffeclionnlc	3.6	2.1
3.4 •,	3.2	Uńfficndjy	4.3	1.6
3.1	4.11 .	Wondcring	3.3	5.2
3'.4-	2:7	Wor/iCfl^1 |	3.0	3.0
3.1	2.7	. ^- . • 1

Cbecrful

Coniir.ed

Coninnpluous

Conlcnl

Conlrary

Conpcrniivc

Crllir.il

Curious

Dnring

Dcfinnl

Dcligblcd

Dcm.iiuling .

DcpróssccJ

Dcsp.iiring

Disagrcc.ible

Pis.ippoinlcd

Obcnuragcd

Disguslcd

Disimcrcslod

Oiss.riisficd

Disinislful

(i.igoi

Crsl.iiii;

nmb.nr.isscd

l-mply

Enllwsinstic Hiwimis |^:iirious Glccful ■ (jloomy Cif ccc ly Gróiir.hy Goilly ll.ippy Hclploss Hopcftil Hopclcss Hnslile Impalicnl lmpulsivc lndcr.isivc liilnlnr.inl

Snmt r: C M. Whisscll,