CCF20100109002

TOPIĆ SENTHNCES - advanced

Topie scntenccs can bc positioned at the beginning, in the middlc, or at the end of a paragrapli. Parts of them can also be tound in the beginning and eoneluding sentenees. The following examples dcmonstratc the dilTcrcnt posilions for topie scntenccs within paragraphs. The five following paragraplts come from various university coursebooks and rcaders. In one of llae paragraphs the main idea is not directly stated. Read the paragraphs to locate topie sentenees.

I.

I.    Research is not a once-and-for-all times job. 2. Even sophistieated eompanies often waste the value of their rcsearch. 3. One of the most common errors is not providing a basis for comparisons. 4. A company may research its market, tind a need for a new advertising eampaign, conduct the campaign, and then negleet to research the results. 5. Anoiher may simply feel the need for a new campaign, conduct it, and research the results. 6. Neither is getting the fuli benetit ofthe research. 7. When you fail to research either the results or your position prior to the campaign, you cannot know the effects ofthe campaign. 8. For good eva!uation you must have both before and after data.

Edward Fox and Edward Wheatley, Modern Marketing

II.

1.    What happens when foreign materials do enter the body by breaking tlirough the skin or epithelial linings ofthe digestive, circulatory, or respiratory systems and after the cloning process is complete?

2.    The next linę of detense comes into action. 3. Phagocytic cells (wandering and stationary) may engulf the foreign materiał and destroy it. 4. But therc is another and very complicated aspect of the process. 5. This is the production of speeifie antibody molecules. 6. Antibodies may circulate in the blood as mentioned or they may be bound by cells: less is known about these cell-bound antibodies.

7. Antibodies inactivate or destroy the activity of antigens by combining with them. 8. The reaction is a manifestation ofthe immune response, and the discipline primarily devoted to its study is immunology. 9. Generally immuniry is considercd to be peculiar to the venebrates. but recent evidcnce suggests that a form of immuniry occurs in invenebrate animals also.

Johnson et al., Essentials of Biology

III.

I. Under hypnosis, people may recall things that they are unable to remember spontaneously. 2. Some police departments employ hypnotists to probc for information that crime victims do not realize they have. 3. In 1976, twentv-six young children were kidnapped from a school bus near Chowchilla, Califomia. 4. The driver of the bus caught a ąuick glimpse of the license piąte of the van in which he and the children were driven away. 5. However, he remembered only the first two digils. 6. Under hypnosis, he reealled the other numbers and the van was traced to its owners.

David Demsey and Philip Zimbardo, Psycholog}' and You

IV.

1. A speech of tribute is designed to create in those who hear it a sense ofappreciation for the traits or accomplishments of the person or group to whom tribute is paid. 2. If you causc your audience to realize the essential worth or importanee of the person or group, you will have sueceeded. 3. But you may go further than this. 4. You may, by honoring a person, arouse deeper devotion to the cause he or she represents. 5. Did this person give Jistinguished service to eommunity or country? 6. Then strive to enhance the audience's sense of patriotism and servicc. 7. Was this individual a friend to young people? 8. Then try to arouse the conviction that working to provide opportunities for the young descrves the audience's support. 9. Create a desire in your listeners to emulate the person or persons honored. 10. Make them want to deve!op the same virrues, to demonstrate a like devotion.

Ehninger et al., Principles of Speech Communication

V.

1, This creature's career could produce but one result, and it speedily followed. 2. Boy after boy managed to get on the river. 3. Tlie ministeris son became an engineer. 4. The doctoris sons became "mud elerks"; the Wholesale liąuor dcaleris son became a bar-keeper on a boat. four sons of the chief merchant, and two sons of the country judge, became pilots. 5. Pilot was the grandest position of all.

Mark Twain, Life on the Mississippi _r

6. The pilot, even in those days of trivia! wages, had a princcly salary - from a hundred and fifty to two hundred and lifty dollars a month, and no boaf to pay.- 7. Two months of his wages would pay a preacheris salary fora year. 8. Now some ofus were left disconsolate. 9. We could not get on the river - at least our parents would not lei us.