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Neuroanatomy 9. Spinał Cord

.13 Spinał Cord, Topography

A Spinał cord and spinał nerve in the vertebral canal at the level of the C 4 vertebra Traasverse section viewed from above. The spinał cord occupies the center of the vertebral foramen and is anchored within the subarach-noid space to the spinał dura ma-ter by the denticulate ligament. The root sleeve, an outpouching of the dura mater in the intravertebral foramen, contains the spinał ganglion and the dorsal and ventral roots of the spinał nerve. The spinał dura mater is bounded externally by the epidural space, which contains venous plexuses, fat and connec-tive tissue. The epidural space ex-tends upwards as far as the foramen magnum, where the dura becomes fused to the cranial periosteum (see P-191).

B Cauda equina at the level of the L2 vertebra

Transverse section viewed from be-łow. The spinał cord usually ends at the level of the first lumbarvertebra (LI). The space below the lower end ofthe spinał cord is occupied by the cauda equina and filum terminale in the dural sac (lumbar cistern, see p. 191), which ends at the level of the S2 vertebra (see C and p.267 D). The epidural space expands at that level and contains extensive venous plexuses and fatty tissue.

Subarachnoid

Arachnoid

Posterior internal

Epidural space

Spinał dura mater

Ventral

root

Dorsal

root

Yertebral artery

Vertebral veins    Anterior internal

vertebral venous plexus

słeeie

Posterior internal vertebral venous plexus

Fatty tissue

Anterior internal vertebral venous plexus