P1200417

Simpic scmi-lunatc razom wcrc found in iwo Giindlingen sword graves, from La-Rochc-Pot, willi ;in iron sword, and Sundhoffen. with a bronzc sword (Jockcnhdvei 1980, pl. 39.745.757). Owing to thcir simplicily, it is unlikely that thcse razors will pro-vide any chronologicul rcsolution: lhc type seems to havc bcen present, relatWely unchanged, in both Ha Band HaC(ibid. 1971, nos 517-571; 578; ibid. 1980, nos510-542; 732*770).

5 Axei

Axcs, of vnrioui typcs. havc bcen found with bronzc Cundlingcn swords in six graves. In iwoof tltc gravcs, (hcaxcs wcrc iron ' Armchcnbcilc' (trunnion axcs); thcse canic from Gorszewice gruvc 17 and Platany gruve 5 (Pieczyński 1953, lit, fig. 11, 1; Dvofók 1938,53, fig. 49.26). Iron •Armchcnbcilc’ wora known alrcady in Che Umfield period; ihcv wcrc also common in che Hallstatt period, somctlmes Associated with Mindelhcim swords (set partkularly Mayer 1977,241-2). Likcwłsc. the axc or chiscl from Muschcn-hcirn lumulus 35 is of linio usc for chronologicul purposes, as it is unique (Polcnz 1975, 229. fig. I; 234. fig. 2,1).

In conirust, lhc horsc-hcad sccptrc from PfedmCHce has numerous parallcls which offer liNcful chronologicul informution (Werner 1961.383, Abb. 1,3). A elose parallel is found in lhc hoard from Prtigy. Kom. Borsod-Abauj-Zcmplćn, wherc it is dated, particularly by the ussocialed socketcd uxea, to the 9th ccntury BC (Kemenczei 1981, 30, fig. 4).

I imtłl). (herc arc the two iron sluift-holc axcs with gold dccoratlon from Gorszewice grave 33 (Pieczyński 1953.117, lig. 22,2)and Platfcnice, Danćk gravc 20(Hralovń 1965, 133, fig. 1). lhc uxcx have subrectangular shaft-holes, asymmetric blades, and a short hammer-like pommcl. Both havc łnlaid gold dccoration; the example from Gorszewice ulw* has a gold foił cover for its pomincl. The best parallcls known to the author arc from Sedv(/, un iNOlnted (ind a crcmation ccmctery (Gallus and Horvńth 1939, pi. 60,3) and IYi.vJak*bhrg) Umiliło* 1 (A Janus Pannonius Muzeum £vkónyvc 23, 1978, 164, pl. 8. i). Similai nxcs eonie from Gutów (Bukowski 1977,348, pl. 6,2) and Lubiatowo(ibid, 352. pl. 10,15), both in vołv. Poznan. 1 lo\vcver, the axes from Gutów and Lubiatowo arc alrcady of the elongated so-callcd \Sevthian’ type, known for cxamplc from Fcrigilc gr#vc 71 and Sómlóhcgy (Gallus and Horvath 1939, pl. 57,3; Vulpe 1967, pl. 20,20; sec uImi Lang 1976, 229-233), Apari from lmving a rouud instead of a rectangular shaft-hole, the ‘Scythian' shali-hole axcs huvc imich longcr blades and pommcls, and have not bccn found with gold dccoratlon (sec also l*gg 1978).

l lic parallcls lor the Gorszewice and Platćuicc shaft-holc axes, particularly the gravc from lYcuJakabhegy, suggest u prc-Scythlan, possłbly Thnico-Clmmcrian origin for tlili type of wcapon. General))’ speaking, the two Giliulllngen sword gravcs with shflft*

hole axcs could thcrcforc bclong to the horizon of early (8th cen tury) weapon-graves with axcs - including examples from Carinthia (Fróg tumulus K), Lower Austria (Stfll-fried), Transdanubia (Pecs-Jakabhegy, Sopron tumulus 81). Slovakia (Santovka), Bohemia (Hostomice. Most, Zabór i) and Silesia (Breslau-Grabschen grave 88). There-fore not only the Pfcdmerice horse-head sceptre, but also the Platenice and Gorszewice shaft-holc axcs suggest a particularly early, pre-Ha Cl datę for their associated Gund-lingcn swords.

6    Spcarheads

Giindlingen swords arc associated with bronze spcarheads in at least two graves: Reketn gravc 72 and Barćsia-sur-L‘Ain tumulus 2 (Lemirc group 1). possibly also Baresia-sur-L'Ain, Plaine de Vers tumuli 2 and 3 (van Impe 1980. pis 11,5-7; 12; Wamser 1975,114, nos 74,77,78). While the spearheads of the Hallstatt period are normally of iron, a few bronze examplcs are known from very early graves, for example in the Hallstatt ceme-tcry (e.g. Wells 1981, 135, fig. 9f; 139, fig. 17d), the examples from Hallstatt beingof the same type as those in the Rekem grave. At Rekem, the grave contained the cremated remains of three individuals, provided with three bronze Gundlingen swords, three bronze spearheads, and two chapes (the third chape may have bcen destroyed in the cre-mation pyrę).

7    The Nordic Zonę

In the Nordic Zonę, bronze Giindlingen swords have bcen found associated in Swedish fi mis with bronze daggers, at Stóndar (Kirchspiel Botea. Angermanland) and probably at RAsunda (Kirchspiel Solna, Uppland) (Jensen 1966, 40, nos 17, 20; and p. 44; Ekholm 1921, 53, fig. 79-80). This type of dagger is 20-25cm long, with a short broad tang, straight horizontal shoulders, and long triangular blade (Baudou 1960: type III, an example from HAkantorp is shown on pl. 2, III). The type is dated to Per. V by hoard finds and the engraved ‘Bandomamentik* found on some of the examples (Baudou 1960, 13; notę, howcvcr, that Baudou dates Rasunda and Stondar to Per. VI, on account of their Giindlingen swords). * Bandomamentik* is also found on the sword from VAg, Kirchspiel Ncsna, in Norway (Jensen 1966, 39, fig. 6). This type of decora-tion is typical of Per. V, and gives a reliable datę for the sword (Jensen 1966, 44). The sword itsclf is unique owing to the six paired rivct-holcs on its tang, but otherwise the character of the piece seems close to the Giindlingen type.

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