gramtyka 2

Ml VIIMI MiNSKS

Ml VIIMI MiNSKS

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I m»I siu* hurt herself?

Yvh, hcr wrist.

W herc did all the water flow?

Downstairs.

Why did Helen fly out of the room in a i .ige? Hecause of what her father said.

What did her father forbid hcr to do ?

Go out with Denis.

I Iow did her father deal with hcr ?

By stopping her monthly allowance.

Why did Denis stroke Helcn's hand ?

To try and calm her down.

What rumour did Helen's friends spread ? That she was going to get married.

What did Marilyn weave her rugs on ?

The looms over there.

How much did she raise her prices by? Fifteen per cent.

When did the question of a bank loan arise? At the directors' meeting.

When did they hroadcast the news?

Just now, on the BBC.

IB Tense use for fact: review

Introductory notę: Verb tenses in English fali into two main categories:

I    hose used for fact and those used for non-fact. By fact we mean what we

II    cm i * .is real or quite possihle. Non-fact is what is supposedf or wished for, which is either unreal or improbable. Herc are some examples:

I hecame Managing Director five years

ago.    FACT

ni soon be sixty.    fact

I wish I were Managing Director!    non-fact: wish

I hen l'd have an office on the top

lloor.    non-fact: supposition

i m i In dli cct ly related to time, and so generally is the tense use. Non-fact has

.....htec! i cl.itionship with time and neither has the tense use. Non-fact tense

• •M In ii* .dl willi in sections ID and 1E. Tense use for fact is reviewed in this

•    11* 'ii • ud in IC. In section 1F both kinds of use are compared and MIHMMUI lUPil.

•    i 'U •* i • 'il 1" ¹ IM*** lili i Im this sonsc ineludes fłetion.

^1,11 i»uⁱimMl¹ IH u im iim il in Mimr |(i.imni.ii books together willi mroi iiisis. whirh in this book is I Hłttil Ht'IHUiHIHM

U

> mi hmilil nlnidy lut lamiliar with EngJish tenses and toa largeextcnl willi i In h hm iiinlMiwh.it follows immediately below is in the naturę of • • ' Klon • * lliat v«mi i .m rcfresh and exercise your knowledge. The Examples

•    i mit i < i im ■ tor I .ul _/ together with their English names, divided into the

•    i h 11 * 11 .md f Im chocki ssive form (called continuous in some books). The

•    plan.iilnn draws attention to the morę important points regarding their use i lir lince I xercises deal first with the present and past tenses, then with

l* iwi-. n lating to futurę time, and fmally with all tenses.

•    samplcs

TENSES (SIMPLE) PAST	a
PAST PERFECT	b
PAST/PAST PERFECT	a, l>
PRESENT PERFECT	c
PRESENT	d
PRESENT (FUTURĘ USE)	e
FUTURĘ	f r r
FUTURĘ PERFECT	8' ^r

•    (¹1 bet intu* Managing Director five v« .u \ ago. I (2) had been Personnel M.uiagei for three years and

I M lomed/had joined the firm in 1970,

I (4) )uwe been here for fifteen years. 1(1) irork in an office on the top floor. i |t») retlre in live years. I think I I ) will/shall go and live in the

•    minii v I (8) will/shall have been with i Ih I ii m lor twenty years by then.

TENSES (PROGRESSm;)	s
PAST	h
PASI 1 KII .1 T	• j
PRHS1*N I IT.KM Cl	k
PHMSNNT	1
1’KHSIN i (i im/Mii hm)	m
1 U l IIKI	n, r
going to	P
i ni unii n hi»iut	q. r

Is planation

• i'AM mmpi.e refers (1,3) toa polni o! i lnic In the past or then' (/żre years ago, 1070) which answers the cjuestion 'When?' The timc point may not

1

(9) u/d.s still workingat eight o'clock \ c\io day evening. I (10) had been u‘oiking sińceearly morning. We (II) hu w been working very hard at i Ih of I icc lately as we (12) are ingot lat mg an important contract.

I......mów I (13)amflyingto Milan.

(II) Will ii still be raining like this when I get back, I wonder? 1 hopc not, hecause I (15) amgoing to take a lew days offas soon as I can. 1(16) 7/ hur«* bet7/ working non-stop for ovei lince wceks.