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NEUROPHYSIOLOGY

On>anization of the Brain: Celi Types

Multipolar (pyramidal) celi of cerebral motor cortex

Astrocyte •

Striated I somatic), musde

• Interneurons ■Blood vessel

Bipolar celi of cranial i Unipolar celi of sensory ganglia of cranial nn.

Satellite cells Schwann celi

'Motor z endplate Multipolar somatic motor celi of nudei

of cranial nn.-¹

Multipolar celi y of lower brain / motor centers '    ,

• Interneuron

Free nerve endings (unmyelinated fibers) Encapsulated ending Specializcd ending Musde spindle Unipolar sensory celi of dorsal spinał root ganglion Satellite cells

Oligodendrocyte Corticospinal (pyramidal) fiber Ax«xJendritic ending Axosomatic ending Axoaxonic ending Multipolar somatic motor cellof anterior horn of spinał cord

Collateral

Renshaw interneuron

. k -

Myelinated somatic motor fiber of spinał nerve-

/ ^ Astrocyte * Multipolar visceral motor (autonomie) celi of spinał cord

Autonomie preganglionic (sympathetic or para-sympathetic) nerve fiber Myelin sheath Autonomie postganglionic neuron of sympathetic or parasympathetic ganglion Satellite cells

Unmyelinated nerve fiber Schwann cells

Myelinated afferent filier of spinał nerve

Myelin sheath

Red: Motor neuron Blue: Sensory neuron Purple: Interneuron Cray: Glial and

neurilemmal cells and myelin Notę: Cercbellar cells not shown here

Myelin sheath

Motor endplate with Schwann celi cap

' voiir'ur\

'Endings on cardiac muscle or nodal cells

Beadeti V varicosities ^ and endings on smooth musde

Unmyelinated fibers Encapsulated ending

and gland cells

Figurę 2.2 Organization or the Brain: Cell Types

Neurons form the functional cellular units responsible for communication, and throughout the nervous system, they are characterized by their distinctive size and shapes (e.g.. bipolar, unipolar, multipolar). Supporting cells indude the neuroglia (e.g..

asirocytes, oligodendrocytes), satellite cells, and other specialized cells thal optimize neuronal function, provide maintenance func-tions, or protect the nervous system.

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