Listen & Learn
Angielski na mp3
Konwersacje dla zaawansowanych
Spis treści Strona Ście\
ka
PART ONE MODERN LIVING
Lesson 1 Education 2 track 1-5
Lesson 2 Earning money 4 track 6-10
Lesson 3 Modern lifestyles 6 track 11-15
PART TWO PLACES & OBJECTS
Lesson 4 Geography 9 track 16-20
Lesson 5 Buildings 12 track 21-25
Lesson 6 Objects 15 track 26-30
PART THREE THE MODERN STATE
Lesson 7 Economy 18 track 31-35
Lesson 8 Politics and law 21 track 36-40
Lesson 9 Culture 23 track 41-45
PART FOUR THE WORLD TODAY
Lesson 10 The world in danger 26 track 46-50
Lesson 11 Crossing barriers 28 track 51-55
Lesson 12 Modern media 31 track 56-60
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PART I MODERN LIVING
Lesson 1 Education
1. Stages in education 1
Listen and repeat the expressions.
przedszkole a kindergarten nabór admissions
szkoła państwowa a state school egzamin wstępny an entrance exam
szkoła prywatna a public school kierunek studiów a department
szkoła zawodowa a vocational school wydzia ł a faculty
szkoła z internatem a boarding school wykład a lecture
program nauczania a curriculum seminarium a seminar
rozkład zajęć a timetable ćwiczenia tutorials
klasa a year wykładowca a lecturer
studium a college przedmioty obowiązkowe
studium nauczycielskie a teacher obligatory subjects
training college zajęcia nieobowiązkowe optional subjects
akademia medyczna a medical academy / extra-curricular
akademia wojskowa a military academy activities
seminarium duchownea seminary tytuł licencjata a Bachelor s degree
konserwatorium a conservatory tytuł magistra a Master s degree
politechnika a polytechnic praca magisterska a master s thesis
uniwersytet a university praca doktorska a doctoral thesis
miasteczko uniwersyteckie a campus doktorat a PhD
internat a dormitory doktorant a PhD student
akademik a students hostel
2. The process of learning 2
Listen and repeat the expressions.
uczęszczać na zajęcia / lekcje odnosić sukces w to succeed in
to attend courses / nie dawać sobie rady z to fail to
to attend lessons nadrobić zaległości to catch up with
być nieobecnym na to be absent from pozostać w tyle to fall behind
zapisać się do / zapisać się na to enrol on/ zgłaszać się (podnosić rękę) to put up a hand
to enrol for koncentrować się na to concentrate on
skończyć (szkołę) to graduate from być zajętym to be occupied with
rzucić (szkołę) to drop out of radzić sobie z to cope with
chodzić na wagary to play truant być znudzonym to be bored with
być wyrzuconym ze szkoły to be expelled from ściągać to copy / to cheat
zostać za karę po lekcjach wkuwać to cram
to be put in detention dowiadywać się o to inquire about
wziąć rok wolny (po szkole) być w stanie to be capable of
to take a gap year być zaznajomionym z to be acquainted with
wykazywać zainteresowanie zadać coś jako pracę domową to set sth
to take an interest in for homework
wykazywać brak zainteresowania mieć łatwość do językówto pick up languages
to take no interest in dostać świadectwo to be given a certificate
zwracać uwagę na to pay attention to sprawdzić w słowniku to look up
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3. Rules and regulations 3
Listen and repeat the expressions.
It is forbidden to be absent from school without a parent s permission.
Students who are seen to be playing truant will be punished.
All students who fall behind are obliged to catch up with their lessons.
Those who cheat during an exam risk being put in detention.
All those who don t pay attention will be given extra homework.
Students who failed to pass a test are asked to resit it.
It is appreciated if you apologise to the teacher for what you did.
Students caught taking drugs will be expelled from school.
Any unknown words must be looked up in a dictionary.
Certificates will be given to all students who pass their final exams.
4. Expressions with  do and  make 4
Listen and repeat the expressions.
to do experiments to make a decision
to do research to make a difference
to do studies to make an effort
to do well / to do badly to make an excuse
to do one s best to make a fool of
to do damage to make friends with
to do one s duty to make fun of
to do an exercise to make a mistake
to do harm to make progress
to do work / to do a job to make notes
to do wonders to make a break
to do good / to do wrong to make a guess
5. Everyday situations at school 5
Paraphrase the sentences using expressions with  do or  make .
- In our Chemistry lesson we experiment - Not knowing the answer, the poor boy
with various dangerous substances. tried to guess it.
- In our Chemistry lesson we... - Not knowing the answer, the poor boy...
do experiments. made a guess.
- The teacher asked the student to think of a - The trainer was disappointed as his
better excuse. football team didn t develop.
- He asked the student... - The trainer was disappointed as his
to make a better excuse. football team ...
didn t make any progress.
- The headmaster wanted to find out who
was responsible for the damage. - You will benefit from taking a holiday.
- He wanted to find out who... - Taking a holiday ...
did the damage. will do you good.
- Children laughed at the boy with - It would be better to become friends with
protruding ears. her.
- Children..... - It would be better to...
made fun of him. make friends with her.
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Lesson 2 Earning money
1. Pursuing a career 6
Listen and repeat the expressions.
drabina kariery a career ladder perspektywa awansu promotion
szkolenie training prospects
praktyka a work placement urlop płatny / bezpłatny paid leave /
praca zmianowa shiftwork unpaid leave
pracować na akord to do piecework urlop zdrowotny sick leave
nienormowany czas pracy flexitime urlop macierzyński maternity leave
pracownik niezale\
ny a freelance fundusz emerytalny a pension scheme
pracownik fizyczny a blue-collar worker dodatkowe świadczenia perks
pracownik umysłowy a white-collar worker samochód firmowy a company car
pracoholik a workaholic do negocjacji negotiable
nabór recruitment być uprawnionym do to be eligible for /
pozwolenie na pracę a work permit to be entitled
referencje credentials wypadek podczas pracy an industrial
nie mieć wystarczających kwalifikacji injury
to be underqualified odszkodowanie compensation
mieć zbyt du\
e kwalifikacje awansować to be promoted
to be overqualified być za nisko opłacanym to be underpaid
zatrudniać na okres próbny to hire sb for a zdegradować to demote
trial period wymówienie notice
umowa na stałe a permanent contract na piśmie in writing
zerwać (kontrakt) to terminate
2. Terms of employment 7
Listen and repeat the sentences.
This job offers training as well as promotion prospects.
A company car is one of the perks in this job.
Workers will be hired for a three-month trial period.
After one month you will be on a permanent contract.
You are eligible for the company s pension scheme.
In the case of an industrial injury, you are entitled to compensation.
The salary is not negotiable.
The contract may be terminated with one month s notice.
You must have excellent credentials for this position.
The company starts recruitment next week.
3. How to save money? 8
Listen and repeat the expressions.
oszczędzać to economise
kontrolować wydatki to control expenses
oprzeć się pokusie to resist temptation
kupować hurtowo to buy in bulk
szukać obni\
ek to look for reductions / to look for discounts
szukać okazji to look for bargains / to look for special offers
kupować większe opakowania to buy economy-size packets
opóz
niać płacenie rachunków to delay payment of bills
4
jez
dzić na wakacje poza sezonem to take holidays out of season
kupować u\
ywane ubrania to buy second-hand clothes
u\
ywać telefonu poza szczytem to use the phone off-peak
4. Giving advice. 9
Listen to the sentences expressing advice and then repeat those accepting or refusing the
advice.
- You should start economising or you ll
- Have you tried buying only economy-
end up on the street!
size packets?
- Perhaps you re right, but we ve only
- It might be a great idea.
got one life to live!
- ...
- ...
- Why don t we look for more bargains?
- You had better start controlling your
- Sure, why not? We ve got plenty of
expenses or you will go bankrupt.
time.
- You might have a point. I will do
- ...
something about it.
- ...
- We ought to delay payment of bills until
the final demand.
- I suggest you think twice before you
- That doesn t sound like a good idea.
buy another worthless gadget.
- ...
- I think I ll take your advice this time.
- ...
- The best thing you can do is never buy
any second-hand clothes again.
- What you really need to do is find a
- That s very easy for you to say, but I
permanent job.
must economise.
- That s easier said than done. Will you
- ...
help me?
- ...
5. Ups and downs. Expressing uncertainty 10
Listen and repeat the expressions. Then repeat the sentences expressing uncertainty.
dojść do porozumienia to reach an agreement It doesn t look like they will reach an
agreement soon.
zrealizować ambicje to fulfil an ambition I couldn t say if they will be strong
enough to fulfil their ambition.
osiągnąć sukces to achieve success I m not sure whether they will manage to
achieve success.
dać radę to succeed in I might be wrong but they may not
succeed in closing the deal.
powieść się (o planach) to come off It is doubtful whether their plans will
ever come off.
upaść (o planach) to fall flat I might be mistaken but these plans are
likely to fall flat fast.
osiągnąć cel to reach the target It is far from certain whether he will
reach the target as soon as he thinks.
osiągnąć kompromis to reach a compromise I have doubts whether it ll be possible for
them to reach a compromise.
wywiązać się ze zobowiązania to fulfil an obligation It is not so certain whether she will fulfil
her obligation.
mieć kłopoty z to have trouble with I may not be right but we canhave
trouble with realising this project.
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Lesson 3 Modern lifestyles
1. You are what you eat 11
Listen and repeat the expressions.
od\
ywianie nutrition utrzymywać wagę to keep to a healthy
przestrzegać diety to watch a diet weight
przejść na dietę to go on a diet liczyć calorie to count calories
dobrze wywa\
ona dietaa well-balanced diet spalać calorie to burn off calories
dieta niskokaloryczna a low-calorie diet alergia na... allergy to
jedzenie genetycznie modyfikowane być uczulonym na to be allergic to
genetically modified kontrola u lekarza a check-up
food kondycja fizyczna physical condition
osoba na diecie a dieter sprawny fit
otyły obese w dobrej formie in good shape
otyłość obesity wyglądać młodo jak na swój wiek to look
przytyć to put on weight young for your age
/ to gain weight brać witaminy to take vitamin pills
mieć nadwagę to be overweight być w napięciu to be under pressure
nadmierna waga excessive weight zaburzenia emocjonalne emotional disorders
schudnąć to lose weight niepokój anxiety
utrata wagi weight loss zmęczenie fatigue
2. Healthy lifestyle 12
Listen and repeat the sentences with the expressions used to give reasons.
Being overweight is hazardous to health and that s why we must shed excessive weight.
High cholesterol stems from the fact that people don t watch their diets.
A dieter should count calories as he must control his weight loss.
Since we all live under pressure, fatigue and anxiety are among our common problems.
Many people switch to vegetarian cuisine on the grounds that it is well-balanced and low-fat.
Anorexia and bulimia must be taken seriously due to the fact that they can cause death.
Many people die owing to the fact that they avoid regular check-ups.
Some people give up the idea of losing weight because of the yoyo effect.
The reason why people take slimming pills is that they expect an  overnight weight loss.
3. Fashion and cosmetics 13
Listen and repeat the expressions.
markowe ubrania designer clothes z
le ubrany badly-dressed
marka a label przekłuć to pierce
popularny wśród popular with przekłuwanie ciała body piercing
być w modzie to be in fashion / przekłute uszy pierced ears
to be fashionable chodzić do kosmetyczkito go to a beauty salon
wyjść z mody to go out of fashion/ / to go to a beautician
to be unfashionable solarium sunbed
przystępne ceny affordable prices malować się to make up
dopasowany close-fitting / tight nosić makija\
to wear make-up
luz
ny loose-fitting / baggy nało\
yć makija\
to put on make-up
dobrze ubrany well-dressed
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4. Sports and pastimes 14
Listen and repeat the expressions.
grać w tenisa na korcie to play tennis on a tennis court
grać w piłkę no\
ną na boisku to play football on a football pitch / to play football on
a football ground
pojechać na narty z profesjonalną parą nart, butów, kijków i gogli to go skiing with professional
skis, ski boots, ski poles and goggles
biegać na bie\
ni to go running along a running track
pływać w kamizelce ratunkowej to go swimming with a life-jacket
uderzyć piłkę kijem do golfa na polu golfowym to hit a golf ball with a club on a golf course
jez
dzić na deskorolce to go skateboarding
jez
dzić na rolkach to go rollerblading / to go rollerskating
jez
dzić na ły\
wach na lodowisku to go ice skating on a skating rink
iść do siłowni to go to a gym
uprawiać d\
udo / karate to do judo / to do karate
uprawiać biegi przełajowe to go cross-country running
wziąć udział w zawodach / turnieju to take part in a competition / to take part in
a tournament
wygrać pierwszą nagrodę w turnieju to win first prize in a competition
wygrać mecz dwa do zera to win a match by two goals to nil
przegrać w grze to lose the game
zakończyć grę remisem to finish the game with a draw
mieć najlepszy wynik /najgorszy wynik to have the highest / to have the lowest score
być mistrzem w rajdzie samochodowym to be the champion in a motor race
zacząć uprawiać hobby to take up a hobby
grać w bilarda to play billiards
grać w kręgle to go bowling
grać w warcaby to play draughts
rozwiązywać krzy\
ówki i puzzle to do crosswords and jigsaws
5. Coping with stress 15
Repeat the expressions and then react using the given words to express likes and preferences.
- być zestresowanym to be stressed out
- If you are stressed out, the best thing you can do is to go to sleep. No, I would rather...
- ...
- No, I would rather take a long walk.
- zmniejszyć stan napięcia to relieve tension
- The best way to relieve tension after a hard exam is to do some press-ups. Well, I prefer...
- ...
- Well, I prefer watching a good comedy on DVD.
- wyluzować się to loosen up
- Would you like to go for a pizza to loosen up in the evening? I would prefer to...
- ...
- I would prefer to stay at home and read a book instead.
- zminimalizować stres to minimise the stress
- Do you think some pills would help you minimise the stress? No, I would really
- ... prefer to...
- No, I would really prefer to have a good night s sleep.
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- nie przejmować się to take things easy
- Some people think alcohol will help them take things easy. They had better...
- ...
- They had better take up sport or start a new hobby.
- mieć dość to be fed up with
- What do you do when you are fed up with your daily routine? I m keen on...
- ...
- I m keen on leaving the city and going to the countryside.
- radzić sobie z napięciem to handle the pressure
- What shall we do to handle the pressure before the meeting starts? Well, I d love to...
- ...
- Well, I d love to sneak out of the office for a cigarette.
- być pod presją to be under pressure
- What do you do when you are under a lot of pressure? I m fond of ...
- ...
- I m fond of rollerblading in the park nearby.
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PART II PLACES AND OBJECTS
Lesson 4 Geography
1. Water and land 16
Listen and repeat the words.
\
ródło a spring atol an atoll
studnia a well ziemia a land
strumień / prąd a stream pasmo górskie a mountain range
strumyk a brook horyzont a horizon
staw a pond lodowiec a glacier
kału\
a a puddle przylądek a cape
sadzawka a pool kontynent a mainland
jezioro a lake półwysep a peninsula
przypływ a high tide równina a plain
odpływ a low tide wy\
yna uplands
wodospad a waterfall nizina lowlands
fala a wave pogórze highlands
kanał a canal / a channel klif a cliff
ujście an estuary wybrze\
e a shore
zatoka a bay / a gulf wrzosowisko a moor
cieśnina straits bagno a swamp
laguna a lagoon tundra a tundra
rafa koralowa a coral reef step a steppe
archipelag an archipelago preria a prairie
2. Locations 17
Listen and repeat the expressions.
usytuowany w situated in / na brzegu rzeki on the bank of the river
located in / set in na zboczach on the slopes
na przedmieściach in the suburbs u podnó\
a at the foot of
na obrze\
ach on the outskirts na szczycie at the top of
w centrum in the heart of / le\
eć na to lie on
in the centre of rozciągać się to stretch
blisko close to rozpościerać się to extend
daleko od far away from pokrywać obszar to cover the area
w przybli\
eniu approximately zawierać to include
przybrze\
ny offshore wić się pomiędzy to wind through
w zasięgu within easy reach of rozrastać się (o mieście) to sprawl out
/ within walking oddzielać to separate (sth from
distance sth)
rzut kamieniem od a stone s throw from otaczać to surround
pół godziny piechotą half-an-hour s walk prowadzić do to lead to
w połowie drogi pomiędzy mid-way between graniczyć z to border sth
u ujścia rzeki near the mouth of the
river
9
3. The geography of Great Britain 18
Listen and repeat the sentences.
Great Britain is an island situated in the north-west of Europe.
It s a part of the British Isles with all of Ireland and smaller offshore islands.
The country covers an area of 244,820 square kilometres.
It is surrounded by the North Sea in the east and the Irish Sea in the west.
Scotland is famous for its heather moors.
Southern Britain is mainly lowlands.
London lies on the River Thames, which winds through the city.
The main mountain ranges are the Cambrian Mountains and the Pennines.
The highest peak, Ben Nevis, is 1343 metres above sea level.
The lowest point, the Fenlands, is 4 metres below sea level.
4. Maps 19
Listen and repeat the expressions.
czytać mapę to read the map
na wschód od due east of / to the east of
globus a globe
równik the equator
szerokość geograficzna latitude
długość geograficzna longitude
półkula a hemisphere
południk a meridian
południk zero the prime meridian
równole\
nik a parallel
biegun a pole
zwrotnik a tropic
zwrotnik Raka the Tropic of Cancer
zwrotnik Kozioro\
ca the Tropic of Capricorn
nad poziomem morza above sea level
poni\
ej poziomu morza below sea level
5. Expressing impressions 20
Listen and repeat the expressions, and then answer the questions using the given expressions.
robiący wra\
enie impressive
- Have you ever seen the Grand Canyon?
- ...
- Yes, the view was really impressive.
przyciągający uwagę eye-catching
- Did you notice Nelson s Column in the middle of Trafalgar Square?
- ...
- Yes, it was truly eye-catching.
rozczarowujący disappointing
- Was Stonehenge as impressive as you expected?
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- ...
- Well, I found it a bit disappointing
oszałamiający bewildering
- How did you find Hong Kong?
- &
- Its variety was really bewildering.
wzruszający thrilling
- Did you get a chance to see the ruins of the Colosseum?
- ...
- Certainly, it was a thrilling sight.
przygnębiający depressing
- Have you ever seen the concentration camp in Auschwitz?
- ...
- No, but I ve heard it s a very depressing experience.
powalający stunning
- Would you like to see the Niagara Falls?
- ...
- Yes, I know that the view is stunning.
zapierający dech w piersiach breathtaking
- Have you ever been diving along the Great Barrier Reef?
- ...
- Yes, believe me, its beauty is breathtaking.
poruszający moving
- Did you visit the tombs of the Polish kings in Wawel Castle?
- ...
- Yes, it was very moving.
11
Lesson 5 Buildings
1. Accommodation 21
Listen and repeat the expressions.
wie\
owiec a tower block pałac a palace
blok a block of flats zamek a castle
osiedle a housing estate dom parterowy a bungalow
drapacz chmur a skyscraper chatka a cottage / a cabin
luksusowy apartament (na ostatnim piętrze) farma a farmhouse
a penthouse szopa a shed
biurowiec an office block mieszkanie a flat
dom wolnostojący a detached house mieszkanie komunalnea council flat
bliz
niak a semi-detached house kawalerka a studio flat / a bedsit
szeregowiec a terraced house dobudówka an extension
rezydencja a mansion
2. On the building site 22
Listen and repeat the expressions.
kłaść fundamenty to lay the foundations ogrodzić to fence in
postawić to put up drewno timber / wood
rozbudować to extend cegła a brick
konstruować to construct piaskowiec limestone
wznosić to erect tynk plaster
wstawiać to put in szkło glass
przebudować to rebuild stal nierdzewna stainless steel
podpierać to support kit putty
zburzyć to pull down beton concrete
popaść w ruinę to lie in ruins cement cement
zamurować to brick up
3. Furniture and fittings 23
Listen and repeat the expressions.
fundament a foundation fotel bujany a rocking chair
domofon an intercom sofa a couch
półpiętro a landing poduszki ozdobne cushions
ganek a porch \
aluzje venetian blinds
klatka schodowa a staircase wanna a bath
taras a terrace umywalka a washbasin
skrzydło a wing bidet a bidet
strych a loft armatura a fixture
meblościanka a wall unit kabina prysznicowa a shower cubicle
komplet wypoczynkowy a three-piece suite kran a tap
regał a bookcase muszla klozetowa a toilet bowl
półka na ksią\
ki a bookshelf kosz na brudną bieliznę a laundry basket
oszklona gablota a glass-fronted cabinet łó\
ko piętrowe a bunk bed
barek a drinks cabinet toaletka a dressing table
puf a pouffe klimatyzacja air-conditioning
stołek a stool ustawiać to arrange
podnó\
ek a footstool składać (z części) to assemble
12
remontować to do up / to redo przerabiać to convert
wyposa\
yć (w coś) to equip (with sth) instalować to install
zamontować to fit dach kryty dachówką a tiled roof
umeblować to furnish dach kryty strzechą a thatched roof
tapetować to hang wallpaper adaptacja strychu a loft conversion
4. Houses in Britain 24
Listen and repeat the sentences.
In Britain many people live in the suburbs on the edge of a city.
Some suburbs consist of new housing estates, others were once villages.
Most houses are built of brick with a tiled roof.
The most expensive house is a detached house with a garden all around it.
Semi-detached houses are joined to each other along one side.
Terraced houses date from Victorian times.
Cottages are small, very old houses in the country with thatched roofs.
Bungalows have only one storey and are popular with older people.
Young people choose to live in rented accommodation.
High-rise blocks of flats were built in the middle of the 20th century.
5. Dealing with property 25
Listen and repeat the expressions. Then make suggestions or recommendations using the
suggested expressions.
agencja / agent nieruchomości an estate agency / an estate agent
- I d like to purchase a flat near the place I work. I think you should&
- &
- I think you should find a good estate agency.
zapłacić zaliczkę to make a down payment
- I need to be sure no one else will rent this flat. How about& ?
- &
- How about making a down payment on it?
akt własności a mortgage deed
- I m not sure if he is the only owner of this mansion. If I were you&
- &
- If I were you I would ask about the mortgage deed.
zło\
yć podanie o kredyt na dom to apply for a home loan
- We desperately need a place of our own but we have very little money.
- ... Have you considered...?
- Have you considered applying for a home loan?
wynajmujący / wynajmująca a landlord / a landlady
- I need another set of keys for my flatmate. Why don t you& ?
- &
13
- Why don t you ask your landlord for a set?
lokatorzy tenants
- I have a free room and I want to let it to somebody. You ought to&
- &
- You ought to start looking for tenants.
podpisać umowę wynajmu to sign a rental contract
- I need to be sure my tenants will pay their rent regularly. You had better&
- &
- You had better make them sign a rental contract.
działka a plot
- My biggest dream is to have a little house with a garden. I think you could&
- &
- I think you could buy a plot for a start.
dzier\
awić to lease
- I need a place for my workshop somewhere in the city centre. What about& ?
- &
- What about leasing it from the council?
wystawić dom na sprzeda\
to put a house up for sale
- I need to sell the house but the prices of property are still rising. I don t recommend&
- &
- I don t recommend putting it up for sale too soon.
14
Lesson 6 Objects
1. Parts and components 26
Listen and repeat the expressions.
koło a wheel gałka a knob
siodełko a saddle zawiasy hinges
kierownica (roweru) handlebars futryna / rama a frame
łańcuch a chain otwór a slot
wentyl a valve klapka a flap
kierownica (samochodu) a steering wheel wieczko / pokrywka a lid
maska a bonnet rączka a handle
baga\
nik a boot dzióbek a spout
dz
wignia zmiany biegów a gear stick brzeg / rondo a brim / a rim
sprzęgło a clutch krawędz
an edge
pedał gazu an accelerator podstawa a base
hamulec a brake okładka / pokrowiec a cover
wtyczka a plug sprę\
yna a spring
gniazdko a socket spirala a coil
kabel a wire płyta a plate
drut a rod krata a bar
tarcza (zegara) a face dziura a hole
wskazówki (zegara) hands kołek / wieszak a peg
pasek (od zegarka) a strap śledz
(w namiocie) a tent peg
sprzączka a buckle klamerka do bielizny a clothes peg
klamka a latch
2. What things do 27
Listen and repeat the expressions.
ziemia kręci się the earth rotates guma gnie się rubber bends
koła kręcą się wheels spin piórko unosi się na wodzie a feather floats
drzwi przesuwają się a door slides on water
burza słabnie a storm subsides sok rozlewa się juice spills
kolory blakną colours fade lód topi się ice melts
budzik dzwoni an alarm clock goes off śnieg topnieje snow thaws
ciasto rośnie a cake rises ściana pęka a wall cracks
galaretka trzęsie się a jelly wobbles sufit przecieka a ceiling leaks
liście spadają leaves fall piłka skacze a ball bounces
liście czerwienieją leaves turn red wahadło waha się a pendulum swings
fala nadchodzi a tide comes in struna drga a string vibrates
metale rdzewieją metals rust mechanizm rozpada się a mechanism
krew krzepnie blood congeals falls apart
woda paruje water evaporates po\
ar rozprzestrzenia się a fire spreads
ciecze zamarzają liquids freeze woda rozpryskuje się water splashes
rzeka wije się a river meanders
3. Noises things make 28
Listen to the words and then repeat the sentences containing them.
stukać to clatter The tray slipped and clattered to the floor.
uderzać to bang He banged his fist on the table.
15
skrzypieć to creak The floorboards creaked as he walked.
dzwonić, brzęczeć to jingle His car keys jingled in his pocket.
grzechotać, klekotać to rattle The wind was rattling the windows.
dudnić to rumble They could hear thunder rumbling in the distance.
szeleścić to rustle Fallen leaves rustled at his feet as he walked.
piszczeć to squeak There was a knock and the door squeaked open.
piszczeć to screech The tyres screeched as the car accelerated.
wyć to wail The ambulance overtook us with sirens wailing.
tykać to tick The old clock was ticking rhythmically.
brzęczeć to buzz I couldn t stand the TV buzzing all day long.
wybijać godzinę to chime The clock on the wall chimed ten.
trzaskać to slam He slammed the door as he left.
klasnąć, uderzyć to slap She raised her hand and slapped him across the face.
świstać to whistle Bullets were whistling above our heads.
łomotać to thud The waves were thudding against the side of our ship.
skwierczeć to sizzle A piece of bacon was sizzling on a frying pan.
plusnąć to plop A frog plopped back into the pond.
strzelać to pop At midnight we could hear champagne corks popping.
pstrykać to click The little boy clicked his fingers.
kapać to drip The dripping tap kept us awake all night.
bębnić to patter I listened to the raindrops pattering on my windowsill.
4. Shapes 29
Listen and repeat the expressions.
okrągły circular / round kulisty spherical
półkolisty semi-circular spiralny spiral
kwadratowy square wklęsły concave
prostokątny rectangular wypukły convex
trójkątny triangular w kształcie księ\
yca crescent
w kształcie rombu diamond-shaped zaostrzony pointed
w kształcie serca heart-shaped pionowy vertical
w kształcie piramidy pyramid-shaped poziomy horizontal
cylindryczny cylindrical ostry sharp
spadzisty slanting down krzywy crooked
stromy steep falisty wavy
podłu\
ny oblong opływowy aerodynamic
owalny oval trójwymiarowy three dimensional
5. Problems with objects 30
Listen and repeat the expressions. Then listen to the descriptions of the problems and make
complaints repeating the sentences.
tępy blunt
- These scissors are completely blunt. Can you do something about it?
czerstwy stale
- The loaf of bread I just bought here is stale. That s unacceptable.
16
zgnieciony squashed
- All these grapes and cherries are squashed. I d like to bring something to your attention.
uszczerbiony chipped
- This saucer is chipped. Can I have it replaced?
rozdarty ripped
- I m dissatisfied with the sofa. It got ripped after a week.
porysowany scratched
- I m afraid I ve got a complaint. The top of this glass table is scratched.
popękany cracked
- Two of these glasses are cracked. I want a full refund.
zgniły rotten
- These potatoes are rotten. I want my money back.
zardzewiały rusty
- All these pipes are rusty. What are you going to do about it?
uszkodzony faulty
- The CD I bought here is faulty. I want it replaced immediately.
wgnieciony dented
- The passenger door is still badly dented.I must express my strong dissatisfaction with your
work.
17
PART III THE MODERN STATE
Lesson 7 Economy
1. Business and trade 31
Listen and repeat the expressions.
popyt demand firma jednoosobowa one-man business
poda\
supply chałupnictwo a cottage industry
hurt / hurtownik wholesale /wholesaler firma a company / a house
detal / detalista retail / retailer na koszt firmy on the house
pośrednik a middleman spółka a partnership
składowanie storage spółka z ogr. odpowiedzialnościąa limited
na składzie in stock liability company
brak na składzie out of stock spółdzielnia a cooperative
asortyment assortment spółka akcyjna a joint stock company
znak firmowy a trademark kapitał mieszany mixed capital
marka a brand name wspólne przedsięwzięcie a joint venture
handel zagraniczny foreign trade akcja a share
handel wewnętrzny domestic trade akcjonariusz a shareholder
załamanie / spadek a slump obligacja a debenture
recesja a recession wierzyciel a creditor
wzrost an increase / a boom dywidenda a dividend
przedsiębiorstwo an enterprise udział a purchase
przedsiębiorstwo państwowe a state-owned
enterprise
2. Business organisation 32
Answer the questions beginning with the words expressing limited knowledge.
- Do you know if a one-man business is run by a group of people or one person only?
- As far as I know...
- As far as I know, it s the smallest business unit run by one person only.
- Is a cottage industry a small business run from your home or from an office?
- I m not quite sure but...
- I m not quite sure but it might be a small business run from your home.
- Do you know if joint stock companies issue shares and debentures?
- I reckon...
- I reckon they issue shares and debentures.
- Are debenture holders creditors who are paid regular interest?
- To the best of my knowledge...
- To the best of my knowledge, they are creditors who are paid regular interest.
- Do cooperatives belong to their members or to the President?
- Well, I gather ...
- Well, I gather they belong to their members.
- In what way are profits distributed among the members of cooperatives, in proportion to their
purchases or not?
18
- To my mind...
- To my mind, they are distributed in proportion to their purchases.
- Are state-owned enterprises directed by boards appointed by the government or a Chief Executive
Officer?
- To my way of thinking ...
- To my way of thinking, they are directed by boards appointed by the government.
- Do you think it is true that many nationalised enterprises in Poland are now being privatised?
- It seems to me...
- It seems to me that it s quite true.
3. Industry 33
Listen and repeat the expressions.
produkować to manufacture/ przemysł farmaceutyczny
to produce pharmaceutical industry
produkować masowo to mass-produce przemysł włókienniczy textile industry
uprzemysłowić to industrialise siła robocza manpower
montować to assemble wytwórnia a mill
linia monta\
owa an assembly line młyn a flour mill
automatyzacja automation zakłady papiernicze a paper mill
wielkośc produkcji output tartak a sawmill
nadprodukcja overproduction fabryka a factory / a plant
kluczowa gałąz
przemysłu elektrownia a power plant
the key industry rafineria a refinery
bran\
a usługowa service industry stocznia a shipyard
przemysł zbrojeniowy arms industry magazyn a warehouse
przemysł elektronicznyelectronics industry warsztat a workshop
przemysł spo\
ywczy food industry zakład pracy chronioneja sheltered workshop
przemysł wydobywczy mining industry
4. Banking and money 34
Listen and repeat the expressions.
szeroki zakres usług a wide range of services
wpłata a deposit
wypłata a withdrawal
wypłacać pieniądze to draw money out
debet an overdraft
udzielać kredytów to grant loans
przesyłać pieniądze to transfer money
wystawiać karty kredytowe to issue credit cards
rachunek bie\
ący a current account
rachunek terminowy a deposit account
rachunek kredytowy a credit account
rachunek wspólny a joint account
bankomat a cash machine / an ATM
odło\
yć (zaoszczędzić) to set aside
odsetki interest
dokonywać transakcji to carry out transactions
stan konta a bank balance
19
prowizja banku a bank charge
wyciąg z banku a bank statement
ksią\
eczka czekowa a chequebook
czek na okaziciela a bearer cheque
nie mieć pokrycia (o czeku) to bounce
zrealizować (czek) to cash
wierzyciel a creditor
dłu\
nik a debtor
przekaz pienię\
ny a postal order
5. Banking services 35
Listen and repeat the sentences.
Modern banks provide a wide range of services.
They grant loans, issue credit cards and exchange money.
Banks inform their customers about their balances in regular bank statements.
You can withdraw money from current accounts at any time.
Credit cards are used to get money from ATMs 24 hours a day.
Deposit accounts are for people who want to set aside some money.
Deposit accounts earn more interest than current accounts.
Electronic banking allows people to carry out transactions over the Internet.
20
Lesson 8 Politics and law
1. Authorities 36
Listen and repeat the expressions.
podział władzy the separation of kadencja a term
powers wotum zaufania a vote of confidence
władza ustawodawcza the legislature wotum nieufności a vote of no confidence
sejm i senat Seym and Senate być mianowanym to be appointed
zgromadzenie an assembly urzędnik państwowy a civil servant
klub parlamentarny a parliamentary club władza sądownicza the judiciary
marszałek sejmu the Speaker system wymiaru sprawiedliwości
komisje commisions the judicial system
poseł a deputy sąd cywilny civil court
uchwalać prawa to enact laws sąd rodzinny family court
podnosić podatki to raise taxes sąd kryminalny criminal court
uchwalać bud\
et to adopt a budget sąd pracy labour court
izba wy\
sza / izba ni\
sza an upper house / sądy administracyjne administrative courts
a lower house sądy wojskowe military courts
głosować nad to vote upon prawo administracyjne administrative law
projekt ustawy a bill sąd pierwszej instancji a trial court /
poprawka an amendment a court of first instance
władza wykonawcza the executive sąd apelacyjny an appellate court
głowa państwa a head of state sąd powszechny a common court
rząd the government Sąd Najwy\
szy The Supreme Court
rzecznik prasowy a press secretary Trybunał Stanu State Tribunal
premier the prime minister Trybunał Konstytucyjny
obrady a session Constitutional Tribunal
2. Elections 37
Listen and repeat the expressions.
kandydat a candidate wstrzymać się od głosuto abstain
okręg wyborczy a constituency oddać głos to cast a vote
kampania wyborcza an election campaign głosować za / głosować przeciw to vote for
wybory powszechne general election / to vote against
wybory prezydenckie presidential election przegłosować to outvote
referendum a referendum powołać na stanowiskoto appoint sb to a post
większość a majority zrezygnować ze stanowiska
mniejszość a minority to resign from a post
sonda\
a poll kandydować na stanowisko
komisja wyborcza a polling station to run for the post
głosujący a voter objąć urząd to take up office
pójść na wybory to go to the polls dojść do władzy to come to power
wybierać to elect rozwiązać parlament to dissolve parliament
przeprowadzić wyboryto hold an election
3. Politics and politicians 38
Listen and repeat the sentences expressing general opinions.
It s generally assumed that American political life is relatively honest.
Some people argue that Watergate was the biggest scandal in the history of the USA.
21
Some Americans think there should be term limitation for those serving in Congress.
It s a well known fact that in America people vote for an individual, not for his policy.
Most people feel that corruption is one of the biggest problems in many countries.
People often claim that only protest campaigns can change anything.
It s a popular belief that journalists are faster than the police in revealing scandals.
It is widely known that slogans used by politicians in their campaigns are mostly lies.
4. The law 39
Listen and repeat the expressions.
sprawiedliwość justice rozprawa a hearing
Wysoki Sądzie Your Honour cywilny proces sądowy a lawsuit
prawnik / adwokat a barrister oskar\
enie a charge
notariusz a notary oskar\
yciel / prokurator a prosecutor
kurator sądowy a probation officer oskar\
ony the accused
kodeks karny a criminal code adwokat a solicitor
porada prawna legal advice podejrzany a suspect
koszty sądowe legal costs pozwany / pozwana a defendant
postępowania sądowe legal proceedeings ława oskar\
onych the dock
przepisy prawne legal regulations obrona the defence
apelacja an appeal dowody evidence
sala sądowa a courtroom zeznanie a testimony
sprawa a case naoczny świadek an eye-
proces a trial witness
ponowny proces a retrial
5. In court 40
Listen to the expressions and then repeat the sentences using them.
być sądzonym za to be tried for zostać tymczasowo aresztowanym
- He was tried for attempting to murder his to be held in custody
fiancee. - He was held in custody in connection with
a murder.
odwołać się od wyroku to appeal against a
sentence zostać wypuszczonym za kaucją
- The convict s last chance was to appeal to be released on bail
against the sentence. - He was to stay in jail until the trial but was
released on bail instead.
uznać winnym to convict
- Four teenagers were convicted of oddać w ręce sprawiedliwości
shoplifting. to bring sb to justice
- Our neighbour was such a nuisance that
ogłosić wyrok to pass sentence
we finally brought him to justice.
- The judge will pass sentence once he has
looked at all the reports. dokonać krzywoprzysięstwa
to commit perjury
zostać oczyszczonym z zarzutów
- By testifying against his wife, Mr Brown
to be acquitted of
committed perjury.
all charges
- The suspect was acquitted of all charges zło\
yć apelację to lodge an appeal
and released. - When they lost the case, they decided to
lodge an appeal.
22
Lesson 9 Culture
1. Fine Arts 41
Listen and repeat the expressions.
sztuka abstrakcyjna abstract art akt a nude
sztuka staro\
ytna ancient art martwa natura still life
sztuka nowoczesna modern art fresk a fresco
sztuka u\
ytkowa applied art ceramika ceramics
sztuka ludowa folk art popiersie a bust
malarstwo painting rzez
ba a sculpture
ikonografia iconography posąg a statue
karykatura a caricature warsztat a workshop
obraz olejny an oil painting rzez
bić to carve
akwarela a watercolour wystawiać to exhibit
malowidło ścienne a mural oprawiać w ramę to frame
autoportret a self-portrait pozować do to pose for
plakat a poster portretować to portray
kola\
a collage szkicować to sketch
reprodukcja a reproduction uchwycić to capture
2. Describing works of art 42
Listen to the expressions and their opposites, and then disagree using the given
expressions.
przywodzący na myśl evocative of / mało interesujący uninspiring
- This oil painting is beautifully evocative of a hot summer s day. I must disagree...
- &
- I must disagree. For me, it is absolutely uninspiring.
kolorowy colourful / szary,nieciekawy drab
- Impressionism is famous for its very colourful paintings. I don t quite agree...
- &
- I don t quite agree. Some pictures are quite dreary.
nieprzenikniony impenetrable / oczywisty transparent
- Paintings by Surrealists are absolutely impenetrable. I disagree...
- &
- I disagree. Many people interested in the style consider them quite transparent.
olśniewający dazzling / przeciętny pedestrian
- The light and shade in this landscape are really dazzling. I m of a different opinion...
- &
- I m of a different opinion. I think it s quite pedestrian.
\
artobliwy tongue-in-cheek / powa\
ny earnest
- I found her collages very tongue-in-cheek. I had a different impression...
- &
- I had a different impression. I think they were quite earnest.
23
skomplikowany sophisticated / prosty primitive
- The technique employed by this sculptor is very sophisticated. I must contradict this opinion...
- &
- I must contradict this opinion. To me, it s quite primitive.
ambitny challenging / mało ambitny undemanding
- These watercolours are quite challenging. You must be joking...
- &
- You must be joking. The truth is they are very undemanding.
intrygujący intriguing / nudny dreary
- I find abstract art extremely intriguing. That s not the way I see it...
- &
- That s not the way I see it. In my opinion, it s just dreary
3. Literature 43
Listen and repeat the expressions.
dzieła zebrane complete works zatytułowany titled
zbiór a collection kartka a leaf
bajka a fairy tale tom a volume
encyclopedia an encyclopaedia wstęp a preface
broszura a booklet rozdział a chapter
kronika a chronicle przedmowa a foreword
gatunek literacki a genre spis treści contents
styl literacki a literary style egzemplarz a copy
proza prose okładka a cover
cytat a quotation przypisy footnotes
rękopis a manuscript akapit a paragraph
podręcznik a textbook ukazywać się drukiem to come out
strona a page publikować to publish
strona tytułowa a title page mieć wyczerpany nakład to be out of print
4. Music 44
Listen and repeat the expressions.
muzyk a musician album an album
gitarzysta a guitarist singiel a single
perkusista a drummer na liście przebojów in the charts
wokalista a vocalist występ na \
ywo a live performance
solista a soloist temat muzyczny a theme
koncert rockowy / jazzowy a gig utwór (na płycie) a track
skrzypek a violinist melodia a tune
wiolonczelista a cellist śpiewać czysto to sing in tune
pianista a pianist fałszować to sing out of tune
klawiatura a keyboard akompaniować to accompany
stroiciel fortepianów a piano tuner mieć dobry słuch to have a good ear for
dyrygent a conductor music
chór a choir nie mieć słuchu to be tone-deaf
sesja nagraniowa a recording session grać ze słuchu to play by ear
studio nagrań a recording studio czytać z nut to read music
24
5. Cultural events 45
Listen to the sentences and repeat the recommendations that follow them.
There is a fantastic jazz gig at the Music Theatre tonight. Don t miss it!
That s the number one single in the charts. You must hear it!
I read the foreword and fell asleep after the first chapter. It s a bore to read!
The best translator of Shakespeare s works was Barańczak. I strongly recommend his translations!
I can t wait till the next novel by this best-selling author comes out. It s a must!
The famous soloist is coming to give one concert in our city. It s bound to be a box-office hit!
One of Chaucer s manuscripts will be on display in our museum soon. It is well worth seeing.
Every page of this booklet is full of humour. It s a highly entertaining read!
25
PART IV THE WORLD TODAY
Lesson 10 The world in danger
1. Global threats 46
Listen and repeat the expressions.
główne zagro\
enia major threats wzrost zaludnienia a population growth
powszechne obawy common fears przepaść demograficznaa demographic gap
kwestie środowiska environmental issues epidemie nieuleczalnych chorób
niszczenie lasów tropikalnych outbreaks of incurable diseases
destruction of the rainforests przepaść ekonomiczna an economic gap
wyczerpanie surowców naturalnych the głód starvation, famine
exhaustion of natural resources niedo\
ywienie malnutrition
wyginięcie gatunków the extinction of species nadu\
ywanie osiągnięć naukowych
zanieczyszczenie powietrza, wody i gleby misuse of scientific achievements
pollution of air, water and soil zastraszenie intimidation
zmiany klimatyczne climatic changes rasizm racism
ekstremalne warunki pogodowe nacjonalizm nationalism
extreme weather conditions kłusownictwo poaching
topnienie lodowców melting of glaciers śmiertelny fatal
kwestie demograficzne terroryzm terrorism
demographic issues
przeludnienie overpopulation
2. Dealing with global problems 47
Listen and repeat the sentences.
Instead of building power plants, we should learn to use solar power.
Freon-free devices must be used to prevent global warming.
Replacing coal and oil by hydrogen will limit the exhaustion of natural resources.
Poaching should be heavily fined.
To avoid overpopulation, developing countries must lower the birth-rate.
New scientific discoveries give hope that fatal diseases will be brought under control.
By avoiding casual sexual contacts, we lower the risk of contracting HIV .
Bioterrorists use biological and chemical weapons to achieve political aims.
3. Military conflicts 48
Listen and repeat the expressions.
toczyć wojnę to wage war, broń a weapon
to conduct a war pociski missiles
zawrzeć rozejm to declare a truce broń nuklearna a nuclear weapon
pokonać to overcome, broń masowego ra\
enia a weapon of
to defeat mass destruction
poddać się to surrender atak an attack, an assault,
wybuchać (o wojnie) to break out an ambush
operacja militarna a military operation podkładać bomby to plant bombs
siły zbrojne armed forces detonować bombę to set the bomb off
wysłać oddziały to send troops bomba domowej produkcji
wycofać oddziały to withdraw troops a home-made bomb
stacjonować to station wstrzymać ogień to cease fire
26
rozpylać trujące gazy to release poisonous zwalczać to combat
gases wojna domowa a civil war
gaz parali\
ujący nerve gas partyzanci guerrillas
wysadzić w powietrze budynki i pojazdy misje samobójcze suicide missions
to blow up buildings and vehicles bezbronni cywile defenceless civilians
dokonywać zamachu na polityków uchodz
cy refugees
to assassinate politicians obozy uchodz
ców refugee camps
porywać samoloty to hijack planes znalez
ć schronienie / szukać schronienia
porywać ludzi to kidnap people to take refuge / to seek refuge
4. Acts of violence 49
Answer the questions.
- What were the terrorists who took control
of the plane with 200 passengers accused - Who blows up buildings and vehicles
of? during a civil war?
- & - &
They were accused of hijacking. They are blown up by guerrillas.
- Do you know what happened to Abraham - What did the two armies declare in order
Lincoln, the President of theUSA? to stop fighting for a short time?
- & - &
He was assassinated. They declared a truce.
- Where did the civilians forced to leave the - What did the authorities send to Iraq to
country take refuge? keep peace in this area?
- & - &
They took refuge in the refugee camps. They sent peace-keeping troops.
5. Expressing cause and consequence 50
Listen and repeat the expressions. Then repeat the sentences.
być przyczyną to be the reason for Spreading anthrax spores in letters was the reason for
the panic.
być przyczyną to be the cause of Intolerance is the cause of conflicts on a global scale.
w rezultacie as a result Innocent civilians die as a result of suicidal attacks.
być spowodowanym to be due to The lower birth-rate in Europe is due to the break-up
of the family.
wynikać z to stem from Extreme weather conditions stem from climatic
changes.
w konsekwencji as a consequence Thousands of people died as a consequence of the
attack on WTC.
spowodować to give rise to Local fights gave rise to a civil war.
spowodować to bring about Urbanisation brings about damage to the environment.
i dlatego therefore The economic gap can lead to conflicts; therefore, we
must limit it.
w przeciwnym wypadkuotherwise We should ban ivory trade; otherwise elephants will
become extinct.
27
Lesson 11 Crossing barriers
1. Exploring the universe 51
Listen and repeat the expressions.
badać, poszukiwać to explore, kombinezon a spacesuit
to search for teoria wielkiego wybuchu
podró\
ować w kosmosie to travel in space the big bang theory
wystrzelić to launch czarna dziura a black hole
obracać się to revolve istota pozaziemska an extraterrestrial
wyjść na orbitę to go into orbit galaktyka a galaxy
pojazd kosmiczny a spacecraft system słoneczny the solar system
bezzałogowy pojazd kosmiczny an unmanned pełnia księ\
yca a full moon
spacecraft zaćmienie księ\
yca a lunar eclipse
sonda a probe całkowite zaćmienie słońca the total eclipse
rakieta a rocket of the sun
prom a shuttle spadająca gwiazda a shooting star
podró\
międzyplanetarna asteroida an asteroid
interplanetary travel ciało niebieskie a celestial body
astronauta an astronaut rok świetlny a light year
2. Facts about space exploration 52
Listen and repeat the sentences.
Our galaxy is called the Milky Way.
Our solar system has eight principal planets.
A light year is nearly six million million miles.
The moon revolves around the earth.
The total eclipse of the sun is a very rare phenomenon.
The first satellite, Sputnik, was launched by the Russians in 1957.
The first probes missed the moon and went into orbit around the sun.
A spacesuit covers the whole body and provides a supply of air.
Space stations allow scientists to conduct research into celestial bodies.
3. International cooperation 53
Listen and repeat the expressions.
polityka światowa world politics pakt a pact
stosunki zagraniczne foreign relations łatwość podró\
owania ease of travel
polityka zagraniczna foreign policy niepodległość independence
międzynarodowa współpraca international integracja integration
cooperation demokracja democracy
wspólna polityka a common policy dobrobyt wealth
wspólna obrona common defence stabilność stability
związek a federation bezpieczeństwo security
kraje członkowskie member states rozbrojenie disarmament
dwustronne negocjacje / wielostronne podstawowe prawa człowieka
negocjacje bilateral negotiations / basic human rights
multilateral negotiations wolność słowa freedom of speech
wzajemne stosunki mutual relations wolność religii freedom of worship/
porozumienie an agreement freedom of religion
traktat a treaty
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4. Europe without frontiers 54
Listen and repeat the expressions. Then repeat the sentences.
przystąpienie accession Poland s accession to the EU took place in 2004.
ratyfikować to ratify The European Union is a federation of countries
which ratified the Maastricht Treaty.
zmierzać do to aim at The EU aims at the economic and political integration
of its member states.
pozbyć się to get rid of The EU tries to get rid of all discrimination based on
nationality.
przewodniczyć to hold the presidency The presidency of the European Council is
currently held by Portugal.
zniesienie granic annulment of borders The annulment of borders means ease of travel
for citizens of member states.
otworzyć dostęp do to open up access to EU actions are designed to open up access to learning
opportunities.
równe szanse equal opportunities Several programmes promote equal opportunities in
all sectors of education.
być oficjalną siedzibą to be an official seat Strasbourg is the official seat of the European
Parliament.
negocjować to negotiate Many countries were negotiating the conditions under
which they would adopt a common currency.
szukać rozwiązań to search for solutions In Brussels, politicians search for solutions
to maintain peace in Europe.
uchwalać prawa to pass laws It s difficult to pass laws that will satisfy the needs
of all nations within the EU.
interweniować to intervene The EU had to intervene against the controversial
plans to build a highway through the Rospuda river
valley.
5. Introducing opinions. 55
Answer the questions using the given expressions.
-  Do you think interplanetary travel will be possible in the nearest future? In my view&
- &
- In my view interplanetary travel won t be possible.
-  How big is the danger of an asteroid hitting the Earth? To my mind...
- ...
- To my mind the danger of an asteroid hitting the Earth s surface is very small.
-  Do people think that funding space exploration is a waste of money? According to
- ... many people...
- According to many people funding space exploration is a waste of money.
-  Do people think that searching for new galaxies is a fascinating occupation? Some people
- ... claim...
- Some people claim that searching for new galaxies is the most fascinating occupation.
-  Do you think disarmament is a step towards maintaining peace on Earth? As far as I m
- ... concerned...
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- As far as I m concerned disarmament is the first step towards maintaining peace on Earth.
-  Do many people believe that the EU is a ready source of financial support? It is popularly
- ... believed...
- It is popularly believed that the EU is a ready source of financial support.
-  Do people think that freedom of speech and religion are basic human rights? Many people
- ... point out...
- Many people point out that freedom of speech and religion are basic human rights.
-  Do you think the main role of the EU is to mitigate conflicts? To my way of
- ... thinking...
- To my way of thinking the basic role of the EU is to mitigate conflicts.
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Lesson 12 Modern Media
1. The Internet 56
Listen and repeat the expressions.
rzeczywistość wirtualna virtual reality kamery internetowe webcams
dostęp do Internetu Internet access połączenie przez modema dial-up connection
sieć a network stałe łącze a broadband connection
modem a modem oprogramowanie antywirusowe
ograniczony zasięg a limited scope anti-virus software
połączenie internetowe a net connection szukać w Internecie to surf the net
połączony online ściągać na komputer to download
niepołączony offline umieszczać na stronie to upload
bezprzewodowy wireless łączyć to link
hasło a password u\
ywać filtra na niechcianą pocztę
wyszukiwarka a search engine to screen out spam
przeglądarka a browser usuwać niechciane maile
zabezpieczenia security to delete junk e-mails
serwer a server wracać (o niechcianych mailach)
strona a website to bounce back
strona główna a homepage zarejestrować się to subscribe
konto pocztowe an e-mail account włamać się do komputera to hack into
podpis elektroniczny a digital signature a computer
2. Surfing the net 57
Give advice on the following problems using the given expressions.
-  My spam keeps bouncing back. A good idea would
- & be&
- A good idea would be to start screening out your spam.
-  I don t have access to the Internet at home. If I were you&
- &
- If I were you I would visit the Internet cafe.
-  I have a dial-up connection and I pay a lot monthly. Why don t you& ?
- &
- Why don t you install broadband?
-  I m afraid someone will hack into our company computer one day. It would be advisable
- & to&
- It would be advisable to invest in better security.
-  I panic whenever my computer crashes. My advice is&
- &
- My advice is to stay calm and restart the computer.
-  Since my boyfriend left, our only contact has been through e-mails. Haven t you thought
- & of& ?
- Haven t you thought of installing skype?
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-  I m almost certain someone occasionally reads my mail. The only solution is&
- &
- The only solution is to change your password.
3. Advertising 58
Listen and repeat the expressions.
ogłoszenie an ad, an advert, reklama podprogow asubliminal
an advertisement advertising
ogłoszenie drobne a classified ad telesprzeda\
telesales, telemarketing
reklama w Internecie a web banner nazwa firmowa towaru a brand name
artykuł reklamowy an advertorial logo sponsora a sponsor s logo
agencja reklamowa an advertising agency reklama radiowa lub telewizyjna
reklamodawca an advertiser a commercial
akwizytor a sales rep ulotka a leaflet
adresat reklamy a target ulotka reklamowa a flier
kampania reklamowa an advertising wkładka reklamowa an insert
campaign kampania promocyjna promotional
długoterminowa kampania a long-term campaign
campaign zwiększać sprzeda\
to boost sales
wpływ reklamy the impact of zwiększać zapotrzebowanie to increase
advertising demand
reklamować to advertise
4. The press 59
Listen and repeat the expressions.
brukowiec a tabloid, the gutter podpis pod zdjęciem a caption
press artykuł a feature, a story
ambitna prasa a broadsheet, artykuł wprowadzający an editorial
a quality newspaper dział a section
dziennikarz a journalist recenzja a review
fotoreporter a photojournalist wywiad an interview
redaktor naczelny an editor relacja a coverage
dziennik a daily wyłączna relacja an exclusive
tygodnik a weekly rubryka a column
dwutygodnik a biweekly nekrolog an obituary
miesięcznik a monthly porady dla czytelników an agony column
kwartalnik a quarterly osoba udzielająca porad an agony aunt
numer an issue wkładka a pull-out
stary numer a back issue rozkładówka a centre-spread
czasopismo a magazine, repertuar kin / repertuar teatrów
a journal cinema listings /
gazeta a newspaper, a paper theatre listings
biuletyn a newsletter prenumerata a subscription
dodatek a supplement prenumerować to subscribe to
nagłówek a headline relacjonować to cover
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5. Making assumptions 60
Listen and repeat the sentences.
Many people must have subscribed to this new biweekly.
I suppose it s big photographs that attract people s attention in this tabloid.
These editorials must be boring and that s why many readers skip them.
I wouldn t be surprised if they stopped publishing this daily very soon.
I guess this new agony column will soon become very popular.
Perhaps this new issue will contain a photo session with my favourite actor.
I bet the actress will sue the paparazzi for invading her privacy.
There is no doubt that this interview will be a huge success.
I get the impression that the impact of this advertising campaign will be great.
Judging from the headline, this interview might be scandalous.
This new monthly seems to be much better than the one we used to buy.
This article can t possibly be based on facts.
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