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domain of philosophy and in research into linguistic (verbal) communication and textual coherence. Of particular importance for recognising the naturę of subjectivity and the condition of the subject are, apparently, the forms of actuation of the subject in lyrieal pieces as it is in utteranees of this sort that the subject attests the most penetratingly. and intimately. to its (his/her) existence, experiences, and strivings. The lyric genre is capable of reflecting crisis conditions affecting human beings.

Linguistic communication and literaturę supply arguments in support of a position that recognises the integrative potential of the subject. Such arguments can be sought in the conception of linguistic cooperation theory proposed by H.P. Grice (of relevance are also the concepts of Michael Reddy). Also the pragmatic theory of text (M.R. Mayenowa, A. Bogusławski) provides the relevant tools, as does the active generation of meaning. A complex instance of the latter is interpretation of metaphorical phrases or expressions.

The altemative option to the vision of a solipsistic, disintegrated subject, deprived of his individualily and incapable of communicaling with the extemal world and, to a tragically tom subject is a subject shown in progress. under development. one that seeks identity and seeks for meaning, even if these are desired-for points of arrival and the prospect of arriving at them -whenever, in an ultimate manner - appears uncertain.

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Filip Doroszewski (Warszawa, UKSW)

Caesar, the Ruler ofthe World. Dionysiac Identity of the Leader in Plutarch ’s "Life of Caesar".

Dionysus occupies an important place in Plutarch's literary output. The Lives are no exceplion: the Dionysiac refercnces often mark turning points in the carcers of Greek and Roman leaders. The present paper will attempt to show that this is also the case of the Life of Caesar. At a closer look. the work is rich in Dionysiac imagery that occurs at decisive moments of Caesar’s life and political career. Importantly, unlike Plutarch’s Lives of Crassus and Anthony that present their protagonists, respectively, as an enemy of the Dionysiac, and a person posing as Dionysus, the Life of Caesar takes on a positive!y Dionysiac eolouring. This can be scen especially in the following passages that will comc under scrutiny: Caesar’s capturc by pirates (chap. 2), a fcstival for Bona Dea held at Caesar’s house (chap. 9-10), a Dionysiac procession of Caesar’s army on the eve of the battle of Pharsalus (chap. 41.7-8), Caesar’s victory at Munda on the feast of the Dionysia (chap. 56.1-6), and Caesar’s death (chap. 66). This paper will argue that Plutarch. who draws on Greek political thought in which Dionysus was of primary importance, uses the Dionysiac motifs to present Caesar as a leader ablc to kecp the State in balance during the turmoil of the Late Republic.

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