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Table of contents

Between assimilation and repression.    131

The Thai government policy towards separatism in Muślin provinces of the country

Adam Jelonek

Although the escalation of violence in Southern Thailand is a relatively recent phenom-enon, the Pattani military insurgency has a long history. Islamie separatists have been willing to regain fuli independence from the rest of the Buddhist Thailand sińce as early as 1902. The last few decades have seen not only changes in the dynamics of the ongoing guerilla war but also a significant evolution in the strategie objectives and tactics used by separatists. This paper aims at outlining the social, political and cultural background of the ethnic conflict in Pattani. It also tries to characterize the sources of an unsuccess-ful policy pursued by the central government towards the South, and indicate potential threats for the entire region.

Political extremism versus security of the State and international order    151

Paweł Malendowicz

Extremist social movements and political parties which challenge the rules and customs underpinning democracy and civil society can pose a threat to national security. There-fore it is important to establish criteria which should be applied when analyzing thoughts and actions of extremist social movements and political parties in the context of a threat posed to internal security of the State and, in the morę distant perspective, also to the international order. Such criteria are constituted by logics of the activity of social move-ments known from sociological literaturę, such as: the logics of numbers, damage and testimonies as well as the categories used in the political science, such as the logics of leadership, demagoguery and populism, paradoxes of democracy, provocation, relative deprivation and mobilization of resources, as well as contradictions of globalization. On the basis of the logics listed above an attempt can be madę at assessing threats to the State and international environment posed by the communist, anarchist and national movements.

Irans new policy? Analyzing the beginnings    171

of Hasan Rouhani s presidency

Robert Czulda

Electing Hasan Rouhani as the President of Iran in the 2013 popular vote was accom-panied by elear hopes not only in Iran itself, but also in many Western States. The new president was expected to achieve a breakthrough in relations between his country and the outer world and introduce economic, political and social reforms. H. Rouhani was described as a moderate candidate, shunning radical attitudes and looking for peaceful Solutions. In the past he sympathized with the “green movement” and criticized censor-ship. As the chief negotiator of the nuclear programme in 2003-2005, he was considered a sensible person who helped achieve a certain degree of compromise. Back then Iran agreed to suspend a significant part of the most controversial elements of its nuclear programme.

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Bezpieczeństwo Narodowe 2015/1