2508924828

Ó2 ftieatifii Jtmcwatt. (January 23, 1875.

;\th'rrtisnncnt$.

Bark P»»e -•••••- 81.#0 a llae.

Io«lde Poić - -- -- -- 75 centa n llif.

Enęratlrtgt racy head adrertiMment* cU the onuc ratf prrlbtr.by wwiuurcmcrJ, ar the UtUr i*<m. A4-r<ttUtm<r\t$ mwt bt netto fd ut ptibHuUkm ofte/ as ani* <ij AVff <iy inoniinO to appearinneit iwue.

\Vorkinq Models

Aod Exp*rłfl*oial Machinery. MetalorWood, mad# to

order by    _J. Y. WRknKK.flCcatcr Sc.. .n >

IRON PLANEKS.

ENGINE LATflFS. DP.ILLS.4c Sand fcr Prfce LUt.

NEW IIAVEN MANⁿUPACT|;kiNU <xC

NCW Ilnrru. Conti.

A YALUABLE PATENT FOR .SALE

Vor oralne and «to»ioffKiev*tor Ikots. Mod*?* ran r»c ocen at Utclua w. )v>od*», 1* Liberty St.. K. V. Kor funher tarticuura. addrew W. RKID. Kievtr>tk Street. Brooklyn, N. V.

MOI FOK HltA/IL !—Maanfartorer*. «liMu to

introduoe Into tororfi their war**. woold ilo wcIl to forwtrU c4talo*uea and eorrca^ojKl wlth JOSE llKAL A . NUNKZ. Catnyo^, Pro\*a. de KIOUt Janeiro.

YALDE OF PATEITS,

And How to Obtain Them.

Impiwi Foot Łathes.

Practical Hints to Inventors.

ASBESTOS MATERIALS

ROOFINO, 8KEATHIN0, BOILEB FELTINO, PAINTS tali color*\ ROOFINO PAINT.

CK.MENTS.AVm K**»r*d rrody for uoe. *cnd for PatnphtoU.Prke-Uat*. de. Ubtral Imlwcctwnu to denlem.

rar-*^—

y^^°^f‘^ełnr’^r’ !-H. W. JOHNS. 87 Maiden Lane, N. Y.

SA TXT fi • l°0.00 dOŁD PKE.MIl.-lf «mj KU.l PR|'/E WII.VER MEDAL, fo

** ^W ° ^,h< MKST CIKCULAR RAW. »t thr t;rr.i N.tltfuU Imlu.trl.l EramfllM. h*M

■R* 1*100 Pi UrlOold [TTT •»

' __VL    EMERSON. FORD 4 CO..

0 AA    O *    B X A Y X R F A t L S I' A

rr-8«od forPRtC-E Łlsr of th.tr 1>AV.AHCV.> TKMPERED SAttS, .r.4 Ctrcul.r coht.lntntc fuli p.rtlc_U.

A «t Clocloa.il. J«l. »fw iwo .rp.r 'c contMU, tcoopyln* .1. <Ujr». A bo, thr PIKHT “ PREMIUM *ILVEK MEU Al. for the BEHT CROSH.CUT SAWH ... ardcd to

tar* of the great contrat.

nno machinery and factory

A SLPPLY AGENT*. -A ItberiU afthCoeimtatton p«!4 oo Sak* of hpeclal Mechankal ApplUncea. rr^utred it> MAChiae Shop and M a rui fetory. Oooda thoroughljr e*tabl!»\ed. of ackno* ledjfed amt, *e,i »»r-^lbc<rcU'^łJ^{n u#}* Addreaa MAM » At-TI-KKl., .Ui |l. U«rrr/r. Mmi

frcelsfofDo Voar Ołrn Printin^

^Pnf4flble    ^I>rp?ei^Caf<la_lUbeU.enveidr>ra

£0naPłQ    _M. Lar^craizca forlargcnork,

Unalue.«aAIcadi>ihflrpnutinjcon<| adverc^io^.•uvcmoncy aml IncretM tradr. AmairurFrlntlDff.deUphl fulpattime far apare hoora. I)OVS have^rcAtfun and inake moncy fi-t Pnntintf acprinlśf^c. -Seodtuoaumpsfor f: U %    0^cauk>f(ue preaaey typeete. toihc )lfra

KELSLYd ( O.Ylrrldeo. Codo.

NON C0JCBU8TIBLE 8TEAM B0ILEB 4 PDPE

COVERINGr

m

Printtntf I •resseS

Satea tento laeatyprr cent. CHALMKRS8PENCI: CO., foot E Mh Street, |C V.; 1’dK.S 2nd St , St UuIi.Mo

Addreaa JOHN A. .COKBLINO S SONS. Manufactur n. Trentoo. N. J.. or II. Ufcerty *l.. New Yceic.

M beeU and IŁmj* for conteylnir po«er k>nx d!*raoce». Send fce CircuUr

IRON AND STEEL

DROP FORGIJSTO.,

Of Etrry DtKrifilu*. af A:p«»evtStr friłtł.

ThoHull & E«’.4«a Ccapanj, Daabary, Ct.¹

LNNATE OF SODA

CA!.E PHKVESTIVK -Jo. O It

TAN

łlOILKK SCAI.K l*KEVKJfTIVE...Jop. O Kooia* d Co.. MadUoo. Ind. AOfucitt: R 11. l.ee. Tttatr]Ile.Pa.; Owena. Lane A X)yer Machloe ( o..St. Loula. Mo.; \lhie

St..B‘morc. Md. .Botrfoclcd Mlicox^>Cortla;_ŁdlSt.;N.\

Machinists- Tools.

BETKA RIATT AMD lUfKOTCD FATTSRMa.

LirCIUAW. POND. MANCFACTl/UEK. Woreoaccr, M«aa.

WAKEKOOMS n UnKKTr SI., A 2 . nr S'Uk'».riQW.li>ri*t .V.łi’#. OrltU/anJ Q«tr (Jut Ier# o

The Mwt Powerfal. and the Only TUM StoKtc*. Good Part Gale Turht&e trtr madę. rrlce of amall whrcia to auli the tl met. Send addreaa t o

A. M. SWAIN.

Narth Cbrlaaafard. Miim.

Portland Cement.

l“rom the beit London Maeufaeiorerm. Por fale by - ^    JAMES MKANll.W CTIff S<.. N.Y.

A ITactlcal Trealfae on Cemcot fureUNM for 25 eeota.

MORRIS, TASKER & CO._f PASCAL IRON WORKS. PHILADELPHIA.

TASKER IRON WORKS, NEWCASTLE, DELAWARE.

OFFICE.....................................................FIFTH an4 TaSMT ER S TREEZ S PHI LAL>XIPRIA .

• FFICEanfi WARE/łOUSE.............. ............................. .Vo. 12 COLO 'TRt.ET, SEW YORK.

f.FI/CEa nd WA REBOU S E..........................................Vo. 35 O! fVER S? REŁT ROSTOM

Maniifactureraof M’rouitht Iron Melded Tubea» puto. KalranUed. and r*M r    for vraa, ateam aod water,

Lap MeJded tturcoal Iron Molier Tubea. OII-We;i TobloK and Ca«injt Oaa ar#' Śtuar, * 'tliuica. Hraaa VaUea and Cocka.Caa aadSteam Ptttera' Toola, UK Iron Gaaand Water Pipę. Street Lamp I tt» -nd ^anferna. fmprovedCoai Gaa .\pparatoa. Imoroved Sonat Machinery. dc. wc w., iid cali tlić

Especiai AttentioD tD onr Patent 7nlcanireń Rnliber-coated Tnbe.

THOMAS T 1 ASKEH, J*.

STEPHEN Y. M. TASKER

THE JOHN IIAKDICK

BEST c^m.

MtiKKILL d: H KIZER. li llollldnyr St.. Bnlc.

NIAGARA STEAM PUMP,

n to TI A-art J(U Brortiyn. M.T. Manufoctured aolely or

Hubburdd Aller.

ENGINE6AND BoiLKRft. PuUey$,8Kafl\ng and Hang er § a SpeciaUy.

HARTFORD

STEAM BOILER

Inspection <fe Insurance COMPANY.

W. B. Fbankun. V. Pt. J. M. Au w. Ml

i. B. Lna Sec lURTfORD, CO X K,

C. IIENKY HALL 4 CO..^iCortlandtM...N,i mT>

THE PULSOHITEB.

The atmpkat. moat du aMc a .4 elcctUe Stbaw l*\ wr r»wtn u«< Mffupn ..pKrltty or tnuddy water mfibrni ^ear o- Inrorjr to Ita parta. It cannc; *r\ ou; of order.

Branek Dcfotu

11 PembeHoa Sąoore, Uooton.Mooa.

»ITT Market St.. ITilladftphla. Ta 50 Weila Si Chlcatro 111

AMERICAN TWIST HKiLt. w.. WooMocket.K. I.. Mawsracturer* vt l*atrr< DrawoMo Sot.ro Eifinr ^■BSta. 2;MBBT WMfli Mac«(x« ht. and AfrowATro K««tri tiniyn-im Medai aod liblcmr awnrded t>j Aryrttrn InaUtUe. N. Y.. VfVl aod I^H.alaolT M.C. M. A.,Boaton. VTA

NEW YORK OKKICE. 15 Niw Cuckcb 8TJIIBT.

a

mb $■

REYNOLDS & CO._f

145 KAST ST., NEW MAVEN, CT.,

MA.HUfACTUKi:

Iron and Steel Sat $crew$, Round, Sd«re. and Ifeaaitun Hcad: Matfjlae and CaoSirew^. :*Ueo. Knob.and Lock Screwa; Marblic. Urtdire. and Roof EoUa. Holt Eoda. Blanka. J\ut». Wathera. etc..of every deacrlptton.

See»d for Prtce Lfat

:> MOKK YOCNO MEN TO learn TclcirrapAr. Oood alfva-t 'on* icuaranteed.

Addrcaa. wlth •tamo.

lin. L*. T. C., ober Ilo. O.

Todd & Rafferty Machinę Co.

MANUPACTOHEUS OK

T\c cetehrated Oreene Yariable Cut-rHT Kncine: Lone ■ Patent TobeUr a%d Klue Botlcra.Kłalo Sllde Valvc Sta tli Bary. Hokttr*. and 2*or<aMe Kn^mea. Bollera of all

klr.ia. Sream    MUI Gearlr*. bhaftiojt. Ac . Wik.

Tc- Oikern. Rajrcle^. Kopę. Plaa.ar.d Hemp M»ohI--fiy. AK'3t»for the New HaveD Maw&factorlnC Co ‘a Machin, tal’* Toola; for Ju4ao»*a Goyerpora and Stop-Vaivra. Sturtetaet IUo»era; and tłKTerantlai Puliry *Btocka WAREROOMS. t« BARCLAY ST., NEW YORK WORKS PATERSON. NEW JERSEY

Second Hand Eoiiies aod Boilers,

of all klnda and ałzee. BOtHJHT.SOLD A KICH ANGED Lance atock alwayt oo hond. Seod foreircalar to

ROBERT8 * KIKG.USt Liberty St.. New York

TM FORTA Ml' FOR ALC LARGE WRPO I RATIONSandMANITPACTI-RINO concerns-Duerk*n WntehcnnnU Time Drtnetnr. caęableof controlli&f. wlth the uttne^t accoracy. tto cr.oUoa of a watrhiuac or patrctm&o. aa thr aacae reacbee dlfferent auttonaof hi* f.mt. Seod for aCircotar.

J.F. IU EKK.P.O. lłox 1.057, Bo«tom Maa N. U.—Tłdideteftor la corcrcd by t»o V . h. patenu. Partlea walc* or aeirny theae ln*tromea«a wnhout aa-tbonty from av win ę<- dealt with Acconenc to law.

HOHABLY no !nv<**tmcnt of a s«mall sum of mowy LrlnigA a greater return tban tbe €*xpcn!R? łncurreel In oLUinlng u putrnt. cvcn wbrn the Inwntion L*» Lut a imali ono. Lauro lnv<*n«U>tw aro found to pay corrwpoodingly wfll. Th<* na mes of Blnnchnrd. Morre. Ukgciow. Colt. Erics* oon, Howc, McCormick, lloe, and otbenc w ho harc amawsl Imrocnsc fortunes from their lnventtorw, arc well known. And t herc arc thousa min of otbrm w bo havc real-łtod largo Mims from tbelr patent*.

Morę tban FrprY TuocsaND Inrcnton bave n\’al)ci2 tbeniM*Ivcjt of the *crvlcr-« of MpnN Sc Ca durlng the T\Y KNTY-SIX ycnr» ttacy havo actrd a.* a<dicitor»and Pt»t>H»her* of the ScilntikiC Amebi-Can. They «tHtid ut thebead łn tbb cliSS of bual-ne»; Mnd their lance corp* of ambtantiL moatly se-lected fn>m the ranką of the Patent Office: men capa We of remlerlng tbe Lest sereloe to tbe inrentor. rom ftheexperience pmctk*ally oblalndl «bOeex* amlnera In tbe Patent Olbcc: enabl« MtwN 4 CO. to do eąerylhlng uppertalnlng to patents mrrrirr. amJ Chkapkk tluin «ny other relJnble agency.

HOW TO ^    /— cksingfn-

OBTAIN    “■

ery letter,de*crlWngj*omc inv«*nt(on.wbich come» to tbb Office. A pofdir* answer tan only t>e bad by pre*cnting a coroplete appllcatlon for a patent to tbeCommUaSooer of Patent*. An npplkatlon con-sfctsof a Mcwlel, Drawings, Petltlon, Onth. and fuli SpecHlcatlon. Vario\« officlal rule* an»J formalltk*ą muat nbo Le ob«*rved. The elforU of tbe Inrentor to do all tbla LuMnc-* hlmąelf are generally wltb-out8occ*ve. After great perptexlty and delay, be U i»ually gUd to reek the uld of pcr*oiw experl-ence<l In patent buMnr**, and bave all the work done over ngain. Tlie test plan In to aolScIt proper ad\ioeatthe beglnnlng. If the partie* conaultcd ure bonorablc men, the lnvcntor may safely conflde hH Idea* to them: they will adv!*c wbetherthe Im-provement to probably patcntable. and will gń* hlm all tbe dlrecHon* needful to protect his rlgbt.

Ilotr Can 1 neaCSeenre Wy Inrentloii f

Thia tonn ln<|utry whlch one ln\ entornatur;illy aakannother. who ban bad aome expejieneein ob-talnlng patent*, lito an*wer generally to as follows and eorrecl:

ConatnRt u ncut model, not over a foot In any dl-menąion-.'malk*r If po**lWe and send Lyeaprews prcpald, mldu-se.I to >lt'NN A CO., Park Row, togetberwrth a dcncmdlon of It* opcratJon nnd mcitt*. <)n r«xdpt tbereof. they will e.\:imlnc tlię lnventlon carefully.and adtlse youw to lt* patent-ablllty, freeof cba»xe. Or, if you havc not tlme, or tbemeunaat band, to constroct w model, m^ke a* good a pen and Ink sketebof the Impcorement a* poMiblc wnd oend by malL An nn*wer a* to tbe protąpect of a patent will bc rccciied, usuBlly, by return of mail. It to *oroct*ines test to have o aeareb madęat the Patent Office; soch u mc**urc often aa\‘ct% tbe co*t of an appltcntlon for ii patent.

Prellmlnar> Kiamlnatlon.

Io order to bove sucb seareb, make out a wrltten dwcrlptlon of the lnventlon, In your own words, and a pencll. or p«*n and Ink, aketch. Send tbeae, witbtbc fcc of Ly nailL addrrwd to Mits.s Sc Co., 37 Park Row, and In duo limę you will teceW-c anacknowlcdgment thercof, foliowe*! by a wrltten report In regnrd to the patrntabłllty of your Im* provement. Th!x*pcclal arareb to madę wlth grrwt cure, anx»ng tbe mo*Jeto and jiatcnu at Washington, toaacertaln wbotber Ihe Improrement pre*4*nU*J to patentBbJc.

To Tlake an ippllcaClon for a Patent.

Theapplkant for a patent *hould fumtoh a model of btoinvci»i.on If su»ceptible of onc,altbough ♦ometlmes it may be dtoperoed wlth; or if tbe In-vcntion Le a Chemical producUon. hc muat fumtoh wimp!v*of theingrcdienlAof whlch hto ©ompositkrn conftou. The*e ąhotoLl be scctirdy packe«L the In-%‘entor'* muw marked on tbem. and *ent by ex-prw. prepald. Smali modela, from n dtolance, «.-an often be *cnt cheaper by mail. The mfr»t way to remit money toby a draft or postał order, on New York, payable to tbe order of Mb'NN Sc Co. Pcr-aoo» w bo łlve In remote part* of the country can uąioally purebaae draft* from their mcrchaot* on their New York corrcspondcnt*.

PoreS^n Patent*.

Tbe populatlon of Great Brltuln to 31J0CMXi): of France.3:,0C0.C42: Belglum, \iO\ifiO: Au«tr2a, 36.-•COJWO; Pruąsta, WttWD, and Ruą*la, 70,4a.tX4 Patent* may be *ecured by American citlren* In all fheąecountrtt**. Now 1* tbe tlme, wben buslncie to du3 at borne, to take advantage of theoe Immenac foreign fleldK MecbunScal lmprovementa of ail kfmtoare alway* In demand tn Kurope. Tbcrc will neverbea bettcrtlme tban tbe prezent to take patent* abroad. We have rellablc bualneiw connec-tton* with tbe prlnelpal Capital* of Kurope. A torge "baro of &l\ tbe patent* securod In foreign oountrfcw by American* arc obtalnrd througb our Agency. Addrt^a MtTNK Sc CO., 37 Park How, New York. Circular* wltb fuli Infoitniition on foreign patent*, fumtohed free.

Canadlan Paleni*.

Inordcrtoapply fora patent łnCnnada, tbe np-plkant must f urn tob a working model, abowmg the operatlon of tbe lmproved parta ; tbe model nced* nottocxceed eigbtecn Inche* on tbe longcet *kle. Send tbe model, wltb o dcocrlptUm of Ita merita, by eipnwa, or otberwbc, to Munn Sc Co*9? Park Row. J Alao remit to tbelr order by draft, check, or poatal order, the money to pay expen*ca, whlch are a*fol-ows: Fora flvc yt^rs' patent, $26: for o ten ycara*

Smali Enafoc l.athee. Smali Cesr cuttera. Ifasd Planen* for metal. Pall Toraln^ Machlzłea. Hlde R*uta. Foot Scrolt Sawa for lUftt atut heary

work.Struli Power Sc roli Sn w*, Foot

Oreolar Snw Machtnea. The vcry Miot reader# Of thl* pąiur h*%r one of tKex». Catalofiurafrec N.ll UALDWfN. Ueoola,N H Jaot i.soantelra for ArtlKiaaor A>utirun*.

patent, $&5; foraAft(*en yeara patent. $116. Tbe : rtvc and ten year*’p«tents Mre gianted with prtoi j lego of extcn*Jon to flfteen year".

Trade marka.

Any penom or firm domlcll#! In the Cnltcd State*.orany firm or oorfK rat*on n^kltog In any ! fonHgn <x»untry wbere almltor prfrJegc* are ex-tended tocitlien* of tbe Un'tc« State*, may rexfto-ter their de*ign« ant obtain protectlon. Thto to very Important to manufacUrertt In tbto country, and equally aoto foreigner*. For fuli partlculur* addrra* Munn Sc C#-, 37 ł^ark How, New York.

Dfalrn Palenia.

Foreign dndgueni and munufacturer*. who send good* to thto country, may neiarc patent* here up-on tbelr new pnttem*. and thu* prevent other* from fabricntlng or felling the Mmc good* In (but market.

A patent for a doiign may be gointcd to any pł*r^ *on. wbetber cltlien or allen, for any new and orig-tnal de»tgn for a munufacture, bu*t, sUttin*, alto re llevo, or ba* relief, any new and orlglnal drełgn for thr printing of woolen. *l!k, cotton, or ot ber fab* rk8,anv new and orlglnal lmpreą*k>n, ornament pat tern, print, or picture, to be printed, palnted, ca*t, or otbi*rwl*c plnced on or worked Into any ar-tlcle of manufacture.

Dc*lgn patent* are e<iually a* importem to cltl-xen* m* to forelgner*. For fuli partk-ulam *end for pamphlet to MONN Sc Co* 37 Pnrk How, New York.

Cople* of Palenia.

Person* de*łr»ng any patent toąuc l from 1A* to November 28, can be supidksl wltbotficlal topie* ut h nru*onuble cost, tbe prtce dep<*ndlng upon tbe cxtcnt of drawlng> and lengtb of *peclflca-tlon*.

Any patent toaued sińce November 27. 16$7, at wbtchtimethe Patent Office commenccd prtnting the dra w Ing* and *pecificat1rną, may be bad by r*-mittlng to tbto offioe $1.

A copy of tbeclalm* of any patent toaucd sińce U96 will bcfuml*h<xl for $1.

Wben orderlng cople*, plense to remit for tbe same ks above, arxl State na me of patentce, title of inventk>n. and datę of patent. Addrea* MusnA Co., Patent Solirltor*, 37 Park Row, New Y’ork.

Mi'NN Sc Co. will be bappy toseelnventors in person at tlieir oXJkx'. or«oadvtoe tbem by letter. In all oa*c* they may expect un bc-ncst cplniim. For *ucb oomidtatlon*. opiniom, nnd advlce, norlkrrQ< t* mneic. Write plałn; do not use pencll or pale Ink: be brlef.

All Ludne** commltted to our cmre. and all eon->ultatlons, arc kept m<to rtłst itricfly confidtntlaL

In all matter* pertalnlng to patent*, sucb as eon-d reting Intcrfercnce*. procurlng extenslons_ldraw-Ing asslgnnynto, examlnutlon* Into tbe val(dity of patent*, etc., * pedał care aml attentlon to glven. For Infornwitlon, and for pamphlet* of iitotroctlon aml «<t%ice. nddre«a

*HCNN dc CO._t

PUIIUSIIKRS SClFNTIflC AMERICAN.

37 Park Kou, New York.

OFFICE IN WASHINGTON -Comer Y and 7th Street*, oppoMto Patent Office.

or th r

SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN,

FOK 1875.

THE MOST POPULAR SCIENTIFIC PAPER IN THE WORLD.

TUIRYIKtU YEAR.

YOLUME XXXII.—NEW 8EEIE8.

The publtoher* of tbe SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN beg toannouoce tbat on tbe ąeccad*L«yof January, 1*75, a new vo!ume commenccd. It -111 continue tobetbenlm of the pubU*ł-*r« to render tbecon-tent* of the new yolurm* moi*' *ttractłveand u*e-ful tban any of it* predcot *ar-riL

To the Mec hanie and Hemufaelurtr.

No pernon engaged In any of the mechankal pur-*ult**houW think of dolng without tbeSCHCNTtnc American. Every numbercontainsfrom *lx to ten engrayingsof new machinę* and !nventlon* whlch cannot be fouml in any other publlcatlon.

Tbe SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN Isdeyoted to tbe interent* of Popular Sclenoe, tbe Mechanlc Art*, Munufacture*. Inyentlon*, AgrlculturcATommerce, and tbetnduatrfal pursult* generally; and It to val-uable nnd in»tructive m»t only In tbe Work*hop nnd Manufactory, but nho ln the Houaebold, the Ll-bmry, and tbe Reading Room.

By tbe new law, tbr połfage mu*t be pnld ln advancM* ln New York, by the publtoher*; and tbe subscriberthen recelves the paper by mail frecof charge.

TEH7IM.

One copy, one yoar (postage included). ... 83.20 One copy, six montbs<postnge included!.... 1.60 One copy, three montb* <po*tagelncluded). 1.00 One copy of Sclentlflc American for one yenr, nnd one copy of engraylnk ^M Men

ofProgrW------ ------- ----------10.00

One copy of Selentifle American for one year, and one copy o f *• Science Hecord” for IS74.......... ........5.50

Remit by po*tnI order, draft, or expre«.

Addreaa all letter* and make uli Post Office order* and draft* payable to

MUNN & CO.,

37 PAKK HOW, NEW YOHK.

THE" SĆTentTfic"AzncrlCŁn" isj>rtnte4 wUU CHA8 ANKO JOHNSONA CO.’*l5?K. Trntaaod Looibard 8d., PMIaitotpbta acd 34 CkiM St., NrW \ork.

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