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establishment of foci of infestation in the soil. These foci will be smali and scattered giving the nematode the best chance of finding a favourable environment in the field. The numbcrs of fod of infestation introduced by seed tend to be nearly constant, independent of the numbcrs of nematodes on the seed and therefore provide a stable unit of poDulation.

*02 4 1 Green, C D.; Simę, S. The dispersal of Dftyiencbas dipsad with regetable seeds. Annals of Applied BioJogy (1979) 92 (2) 263-270 [En] National Vegetable Rcs. Sta,, Wellesbourae, Warwick, UK.

Commeretai seed samples of 7 vcgetablc crops in Bntain, were examined for the presence of DityJenchu< diner.-'

45% of seed stocks of broad bean (Vicia fata), red beet [Keta yulgaris] and carrots [Daucus carota], 14 to 17% of shallots [Allium ascalonicum] and runner bcans    ['IPhaseolus

coccineus] and >3% of peas [Pisum satiyum], onions [A. cepa) and leeks [A. pomun] were infested. No nematodes were found in seeds of cbive [A. seboenoprasum] ot dwarf bean [Phaseolus vuJgaris).

0 2 4 2 Shaw, D. E. Diseases of some of the mąjor food crops in Papua New Guinea and some aspects of quarantine.

In Proceedings of Papua New Guinea Food Crops Conference, Port Moresby, Department of Primary Jndustry. Papua New Guinea. (1975) 251-256 [En] Winged Bcans, IDRCAbs. World Lit. 1900-1977, (1978), 131.

Root knot nematode has been recordcd (on winged bean] in Papua New Guinea but severe infestations have not been reported.

024 3 Khan, H. A.; Ahmad, M. New species of Helicotylenchus (Steiner 1945) with the description of Heiicotylenchus buzophilus from West Pakistan. Agriculture Pakistan (1970) 21 (2) 215-221 [En]

Heiicotylenchus leucemis n.sp. is dcscribcd and illustrated from soil around the roots of luccme in Pakistan. It is most closcly related to H. digonicus and H. dihystera but can be distinguished by the comparativeły anterior location of the spear, by the location of the oesophagus and the narrow lateral field. H. buxophilus is also described and reviscd from cultivated land in Pakistan. A key to the species of Heiicotylenchus is given.

0 2 44 blDDigi, M. K. Four new species of Xiphinema Cobb, 1913 (Nematoda: Dorylaimida) from East Africa. Rewe de Nematologie (1979) 2 (1) 51-64 [En, fr] Commonwealth Inst. of Helminthology, 103 St. Peter’s St., St. Albans, Herts, UK.

Xiphinema neobasiń n.sp. from soil around potato and tomato roots at Limbę, Malawi is close to X. basiri but is laręer (L = 3.29 to 3.92 mm), has a morę expanded lif region and the female taił is > 1.5 body widths long and taił peg one-fifth of the taił length (one-third in X. basiri). X. michellud n.sp. from soil around the roots of unthrifty, stunted plants of Ricinus communis at Zomba, Malawi, resemblcs X. seredouense but differs in its Iow, angular, offset lip region, shorter odontostyle (122 to 129 against 146 to 162 jim), longer odontophore (77 to 85 against 62 to 76 fxm), morę anterior guiding ring, morę anterior vulva and in having the uterus filled with spiny, spore-like bodies. No males were found with these 2 species. X. heynsi n.sp. occuired round the roots of Medicago sadva at South Kilimanjaro, Tanzania, males, females and juveniles being found. It is most like X. clayatum but has a conoid, rounded, continuous lip region, a tapeńng, not clavate female taił and a shorter odontostyle (107 to 114 against 107 to 127 pm) and odontophore (71 to 77 against 78 to 90 jim). From the same location males, females and larvae of X. mammatum n.sp. are described. X. mammatum is recognized by its hemispherical terminus bearing a large, offset peg and by the presence of stellate spines in the uterus. It differs from X. mammiUatum in its morę slender body (a = 67 in the female, 70 to 81 in the małe, against 43 to 51 in X. mammiUatum), and longer taił (46 pm including peg against 28 to 38 pm in X. mammiUatum).

0 2 4 5 Singh, S. P. A new spedes of the genus Dcladenus Thome, 1941 and TyJeochorhyachus Cobb, 1913 from Lucknow, India. Indian Journal of Zootomy (1974. pub!. 1976) 15 (3) 187-192 [En] Dcp. of Zoo).. Univ. of Lucknow, Lucknow, India.

Females of Deladenus indicus n.sp. were found in the roots of Dolichos lablab heavily galled by Meloidogyne sp. at Lucknow, India. The meap measurements are L = 0.68 mm, a = 21.5, b = 8.8, c = 23, V = 91%, stylet = 6.2 pm and taił 2.6 times the anal body width. The lateral field occupies about one-third of the body width and has 11 longitudinal incisures, the number remaining the same in the vulval region, with II additional longitudinal wavy lines between them. The prodelphic ovary is outstretched, reaching to the dorsal oesophageal gland or beyond. The excretory porę is just in front ot the nerve ring, which is at the base of the fusiform median oesophageal bulb; the hemizonid is well behind the cxcretory porę and covers 3 body annules. The new species is characterized by the form of the lateral field, the positions of the excretory porę, nerve ring and hemizonid, the width of the annules (6 to 9 cover 10 pm) and the shape and size of the weakly deve!oped stylet. This is the first member of the genus Deladenus recorded from India. Tylenchorhynchus spinaccai n.sp. from the soil around roots of Spinacea oleracea at Lucknow, India is 0.6 to 0.84 mm long with a = 22.5 in females, 28.5 in males, and clearly offset head with 4 annules. The body annulations are

f>rominent in females, less so in males and there are 4 ongitudinal incisures. The stylet averages 16.3 pm in females, 19.8 pm in males, and is rob ust with well-developed, anteriorly pointed basal knobs. The nerve ring is 13 pm behind the median oesophageal bulb; the excretory porę is behind the nerve ring, 90 pm from the anterior end of the body. There is a spermatheca in the female and the pbasmids are in the anterior third of the taił. Details of the morphology of T. spinaccai are compared with several other species of the genus.

0 2 4 6 SlDDlQl, M. R. Seren new spedes in a new nematode subfamlly Duosuldinae (Tylenchidae), with proposals for Duosuldus geim., Zanenchus genn. and Neomalenchus genn. Nematologica (1979) 25 (2) 215-236 [En, de] Commonwealth Inst. of Helminthology. St. AJbans, Herts., UK.

A new subfamily of Tylenchidae, Duosulciinae n.subfam., is proposed to accommodate spedes with only 2 incisures (or a single ridge) in the lateral field. A key to the 6 gen era of the Duosulciinae; Malenchus, Neomalenchus n.g., Zanenchus n.g., Duosuldus n.g., Miculencbus and Ottolenchus, is presented. Duosuldus n.g. differs from Zanenchus n.g. in having a non-muscular, non-valvate median bulb and from Neomalenchus n.g. in that the body does not taper markedly behind the vulva, the cephalic region is not dorso-vcntrally compressed and the curved vagina is strongly eutieularized. D. acutus n.sp. (females only) is the type species and the female is described and illustrated from bush soil in Nigeria. Zanenchus n.g. differs from Miculencbus in havine a curved eutieularized vagina, the absence of a post-vulvaJ uterine sac and the presence of a bursa. Z zandus n.sp., the type spedes, is described and illustrated from soil around the roots of Pennisetum purpureum in Malawi: the taił tapers to a slender terminus which is hooked. Z. sal mac n.sp. is described and illustrated from 3 females coUected in

Esaty soil around the roots of horse chestnut (Aesculus ppocastanum) in Bedfordshire, Engłand. It differs from Z zandus in having a less slender body (a = 25 to 27 against 36 to 40 in Z zandus), annules bearing fine longitudinal indentations, a morę posterior vulva (V = 65 to 67 against 61 to 63 in Z zandus), a smali er number of annules between the vulva and anus and a taił terminus which is not hooked. Neomalenchus n.g. differs from Malenchus in having a spindle-shaped median oesophageal bulb that lacks muscle fibres and valvu!ar apparatus. The type species, N. ovalis n.sp., is described and illustrated from soil around the roots of Capsicum annuum in Brunei. N. malawiensis n.sp. is described from soil around the roots of Eucalyptus sali gna (type host) and Pennisetum purpureum in Malawi. It differs from N. ovalis in having coarser body annules between the vulva and anus and bigger sperm. Malenchus suleus n.comb. 118 is proposed for Ottolenchus suleus and M. fusiformis n.comb.