3970617656

holm a subcommission on applied geomorphological mapping was established.

Due to the initiative of Professor Klimaszewski, and the much appreciated cooperation of the Polish Academy of Sciences the latter subcommission now has its first meeting in Cracow. We have a number of very important points to discuss here, which may be mainly grouped into two ąuestions:

1.    What must we put on the geomorphological map?

2.    How do we put the desired facts on the geomorphological map?

In my speech, I shall mainly discuss the first point.

The naturę of the applied geomorphological mapping is such that the maps must have a functional purpose, in as far as this is possible. Besides, it is obvious, that the purely scientific morphological map, without practical purpose, that we are familiar with from geomorphological publications ¹ and national atlases sińce the end of the twenties, retains its value. Most of the older physical geographers here present tend anyway to give this type of mainly morphogenetical-morphogra-phical mapping a not unimportant place in the modern morphological mapping also (see Gellert c.s. 1960).

As far as I can see, one should start from the principle that very different types of morphological-morphographical maps are possible. Every morphological map must be morę or less a compromise between the following principles:

1.    The principle of morphographical characterizing.

2. The principle of geomorphological-genetic interpretation.

3. The principle of dating.

4.    The principle of characterizing the substrate.

5.    The sedimentational or sedimentational-pedological principle.

Which of these principles one must make prevalent in compiling a geomorphological map may depend on a great many factors:

I.    From the scalę of the maps. Further discussion is here not neces-sary.

II.    From the commissioner. What objective dces he want madę elear in the map (see Pissart and Ma car 1962)? The ąuestion of what maps are already obtainable before the geomorphological mapping, is also of importance. In a country such as Poland, where besides geological maps, very good soil maps exist on various scales, it might be useful to keep the sedimentary-pedological principle in the background in the geomorphological mapping. But for a country such as Luxembourg it is very different. For this country we have an excellent geological map 1:25,000, that was compiled by the late Dr. M. L u c i u s. Never-theless Dr. Lucius approached the Amsterdam physical geographical laboratory and asked them to make morphological maps, which would especially do justice to the younger sediments and the soil- and weather-ing profiles in relation to the substrate (see Herma ns 1955 and Jungerius 1958). The Belgian geomorphological mapping is in a somewhat analogous situation, according to the friendly information of M a c a r and Gullentops. Here, as a result of an agreement between the Geological Survey and the Soil Survey, the morphological-

14

1

See, for instance, many geomorphological maps in the publications from the school of Philippson (Bonn), Oestreich (Utrecht) and De Marto n n e (Paris).