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Director General of INRAN and the Beadp of the Sclentific Dlrectorate and of the Administration and Finance Dlrectorate; (b) fornal degrees and on*the-job training of INRAN researcher Staff; and (c) other forma of training (workshopa, apecial courses* atudy toura and ezchange viaita). The IDA Credit would finance training ln Niger while overaeas training would be flnanced by the bi-lateral donora (USAID and France). It la anticipated that within ten yeara* national agricultural reaearch will have aettled Into Ita finał organizational a truć turę; that it will, by then, be fully llnked to reglonal and International reaearch Instltutea; and that it will be staffed malnly with local reaearchera aaaisted by ahort-term International conaultanciea.

3.31    In view of the limited ezperience ln reaearch management of the INRAN Staff* training ln that aubject la eaaentlal. The Director General of INRAN and the Heada of the Sclentific Dlrectorate and of the Finance and Administration Dlrectorate will each be prowided with three montha training ln research management; funda would be prowided to allow them to participate in International meetings on agricultural research (e.g.* CGIAR meetings or vi8it8 to ISNAR* CIRAD), and to allow for regular contact with reglonal research organizations. Theae actlvlties add up to a total of 15 manweeks for each of the three officials during the project period. Funds would also be provided for the Head of the DEPSEF and DIVAD divlslons to become acąualnted with International and reglonal agricultural research organizations. For these actirities a total of 30 manweeks would be provided.

3.32    Under the project funds are provided to enable a total of 48 INRAN research Staff to receive higher degree training: "Diplome d⁹Etudes Approfondiea" (DEA); Master of Science (MS degree); *Doctorat de 36 cycle”; Ph• D•; or "Doctorat d*Etat^a degree. This program would prowide a total of 96 trainee-years (Annez 9). Criteria for participatlon in this training program would be a demonatrated abllity and aptitude for sclentific research₉ and 8eniority within the reaearch organlzation. The training program would* moreover* be in linę with the special requirementa of the INRAN reaearch programs. Accordingly* the above figurea about types of training are only indicative at this stage.

3.33    Training opportunities would alao be provided for research Staff not involved in higher degree training. A total of 177 manmonths would be provided under the project for medium-term (3 montha) training courses; 120 manweeks are provided under the project for Nigerien researchera to participate in International conferences* workshops* aymposia and short courses; 40 manweeks are provided for consultancles from International ezperts on specific topice or problema arising during project implementation. Finałly, funda would be provided (160 manmonths) for short and medium-term training of aupport staff* e.g. reaearch assistants ("techniciens* and ^aobservateurs^a) to be identlfied during project implementation.

3.34    Technical Asslstance. Technical Assistance would provlde in-service training (Annez 5), while asaisting INRAN management and staff with project implementation* especlally during the initial stages of the project when new tasks need to be undertaken. They would also assist with carrying out of apecial studies. In subaequent years they would provide backstopping. This involvea six long-term poaitiona for a total of 21 manyears (Annez 13* Draft Tema of Reference) for the new programs; elght manweeks for in-depth review of INRAN⁹ 8 organlzation* reaearch programs and results in year PY3;