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SHORT NOTES

Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth of the legał situation of the Orthodox Church. The third chapter presents the reasons for the Cossacks’ anti-Union activity and the fourth shows what the Uniates thought of Cossacks' religiousness. The author notices changes in Cossacks' religiousness during the period he has examined, and says that the fact that they were ignored by the contemporaries led to serious political consequcnces.

The book is based on solid source materials kept in the archives of Warsaw, Gdańsk, Cracow, Kórnik, Wrocław and Kiev. The author deserves credit for an ingenious approach to the subject and a scrupulous use of sources, but what is objectionable is the construction of the book (the introduction makes up 20 per cent of the book, and therc are too many ąuotations from other studies dealing with this subject).

In view of the weight of the study, its international character and the author's research into sources, it is regrettable that the book lacks a summary in a foreign language. (MP)

Piotr Kroll, Od ugody hadziackiej do Cudnowa. Kozaczyzna między Rzecząpospolitą a Moskwą w latach 1658-1660 [From the Hadziacz Treaty to Cudnów: The Cossacks between the Commonwealth and Moscow in 1658-1660), Warszawa 2008, Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego, 452 pp., appen-dices, maps, bibl., indexes

The book presents the history of the Cossack region in the years between the death of Bohdan Chmielnicki and the Cudnów agreement which concluded the Cossacks' war with Moscow, leading to Ukraine’s division into a part on the right bank of the Dnieper, ruled by the Polish-Lithuanian State, and a part on the Dnieper’s left bank subordinated to Moscow. The period analyzed by the author witnessed a gradual decline of the Dnieper Cossacks' importance. Kroll starts with the Hadziacz treaty: the political situation in the Dnieper Cossacks immediately before the negotiations with Poland and the circumstances in which the agreement was concluded. The main part of the book is an analysis of the policy pursued towards the Polish-Lithuanian State and Moscow by Hetman Ivan Vykhovski, who strove for a revision of the Hadziacz treaty in order finally to gain sovereignty for the Cossacks. The author presents the reasons for Vykhovski's fali and for the collapse of his idea, and describes the activities of the courts in Moscow and Warsaw, each of which wanted to win the Cossacks over to its side. Kroll also analyzes the reasons for the split among the Cossacks after their subordination to the tsar in 1659. He concentrates on political history but does not avoid military matters (e.g. description of the Konotopsk and Cudnów campaigns). The book is based mainly on Vykhovski’s correspondence kept in AGAD (Central Archives of Historical Records) in Warsaw, and other source materials from the Czartoryskis’ Library, the libraries of the Polish Academy of Sciences and the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences in Cracow, and the Stefanyk Library in Lviv. (DD)