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SHORT NOTES

employed by previous dukes. The rulers also used the services of municipal clcrks. The merger of the Duchy of Opava with the Duchy of Racibor in 1337 did not result in any changes in the functioning of the chancellery. The documents were written at first in Latin which in the second half of the 14th century was replaced by German (Latin remained to be used in documents for the Church). One letter and one charter from the beginning of the 15th century are in the Czech language. The change of language exerted an influence on the form of documents, those written in German did not State the reason why a charter was issued. The appendix on pp. 149-73 presents a list of the surviving documents issued by the dukes of Opava. (JA)

Tadeusz Grabarczyk and Tomasz Nowak, Mieszczanie wieluńscy do początków XVI wieku. Biogramy [Townsmen of Wieluń up to the Beginning of the 16th Century: Short Biographies], Łódź 2008, Wieluńskie Towarzystwo Naukowe, 287 pp., index of place names, appendices

The book contains information on the townsmen of Wieluń from 1299 to 1512. In the first part the authors present an outline of the town’s history on the basis of Polish historiography. They pay attention not only to the political history of the town and the region surrounding it but also to demographic and territorial changes. The second part contains 640 short biographies of the townsmen, including some representatives of the nobility. The inhabitants who did not have municipal rights, that is also the clergymen living in Wieluń, are not included.

The work is based on source materiał kepi in the archives of Warsaw, Cracow, Poznań, Gniezno, Częstochowa and Włocławek. It has an appendix with a list of the mayors and councilors of Wieluń, and genealogies of the most important families. (MP)

Dominik Nowakowski, Siedziby książęce i rycerskie księstwa głogowskiego w średniowieczu [Ducal and Knightly Residences in the Duchy of Glogau during the Middle Ages], Wrocław 2008, Wydawnictwo Instytutu Archeologii i Etnologii PAN. Oddział we Wrocławiu, 641 pp., 209 ills., 2 maps, one table, indexes, sum. in German

The author presents the residential-defensive buildings erected between the lOth and the 16th centuries in the Duchy of Glogau (Głogów), in the frontiers the duchy had in the third decade of the 14th century (including Glogau, Sagan [Żagań], Steinau [Ścinawa) and Lubin). According to the author, the smali wooden and earthen castles from the turn of the llth century and some larger 12th century ones are relics of Poland’s rule in Silesia. They were probably administrative centres of supra-local level. Brick castles, modelled on German ones, appeared in the first half of the 12th century. Knights began to erect residences in the country (they are accessible in the archaeological rccord) during the formation