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1. Mathematics in Chemistry 1.1. Mathematics in chemistry

Chemistry is the study of matter and the changes it undergoes. Chemistry is governed by certain laws. A number of them take the form of mathematical expressions. Mathematics is important for the proper understanding of many Chemical relationships. Therefore, we will first learn the mathematical terminology.

There are four basie operations on numbers: addition, subtraction, multiplication and division.

Operation	Action	Result	Numerical expression	Verbal expression
addition	to add to	sum	2 + 2 = 4	two plus two equals (is, is egual to) four
subtraction	to subtract from	difference	5-3 = 2	five minus three equals (...) two
multiplication	to multiply by	product	6 x 7 = 42	six times seven equals (...) forty two
division	to divide by	quotient (ratio)	4    + 5 = 4/5 = - =0.8 5	four divided by five (four over five) equals (...) four fifths, zero (oh, nought) point eight.

The division of two integers often produces a fraction. The upper figurę in the fraction is called the numerator and the lower one is the denominator. The same

applies to mathematical expressions. For example, in ^{a + b} , '2a + b' is the

4 c

numerator and ’4c' is the denominator.

In the expression 2³, the integer two is raised to the power of three. The superscript is called the exponent. Exponents are used in scientific notation; this is a common way of expressing very large and very smali numbers in chemistry, for example:

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