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usually take place at the begirming of summer and at the beginning of winter.

Periodical seininomadism is divided into l) one-settlement and 2) two-settlement seminomadism. 1) One-settlement semi-nomadism characterises besides other Asiatic peoplcs the Kir-gliiz. They spend the winter in stable settlements, in summer they lead a nomadic life. It is the same witli the Eskimoes. 2) Two-settlement seminomadism is based on two settlements, and migration is limited to a change of the seasons. Conseąuently migrations occur in winter and in spring (Yakouts).

2. Influence of eiivironuient on the forms of nomadism and on the deinograpliic structure of the tribes.

The dependence of man on his geographical environment is connected with the features of the environment itself. The morę primitive the group is, the greater the dependence of its members on the environment, with this addition, however, that we shall always find extraenvironmental elements inherent in man, his reason and talent, by which the direction of his development is influenced. The pressure of the environment decisively mfluence9 the forms of nomadism, the economic system and the density of population. The mere comparison of density of population maps indicates the strong influence of climate on man. On areas of smali rainfalls the population is thin. The above mentioned phenomena are closely connected with each other, with consider-ation of the bareness of the soil in countries of smali rainfalls. Natural conditions force man to extensive economy, i. e. on areas of smali rainfalls or steppes and deserts to herding or partly to hunting. Extensive economy requires large areas, which is connected with dispersion and conseąuently with thin population.

Conseąuently beside the cultural level the environment forces man to extensive economy i. e. on this given level to nomadism and nomadism in turn to the dispersion of the group, which is connected with the formation of smali agglomerations. On the basis of sources the author has established the size of certain nomadic groups viz. the Tuaregs, Kirghiz, Yakouts, Anstralians, and Pigmies.