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Nettcr*s Essentlol Physiology Wfch STUDENT CONSULT Online Access, 1e.pdf — Netter's Essentlal Physiology: Wlth STUDENT CONSULT Online Access

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frontcover	Cowi
NETTER*S ESSENTLAL PHYSIOLOGY
Copyright p»gr	i\
PREFACE	V*
AcknoMedęments About the Author s	b JL
About the Artists Tobie of contcnts	xłi x\

S«tK>f\ 1: cal PHYSIOLOCY. FLUID HOME .. •Chopter 1: The Celi andflwdHomeouosis CELL STRUCHJRE AND ORGAN IZATION THE CELL MEMBRANĘ FLUID COMPARTMENTS: SIZE AND CONS... OSMOSIS. STARLING FORCES. AND FLUI...

*    Cha piec 2: Membranę Transport

CELLULAR TRANSPORTU PASSIVE AND A... IONCHANNELS

SIGNAL TRANSOUCTION MECKANISMS ReviewQuesllons

Section 2: THE NERVOUS SYSTEM AND MUS...

•    Chapler y. Nerw and Moście Physiology

REST1NG MEMBRANĘ POTENTlALS

IC

e

ACTION POTENTlALS    28

ACTION POTENTIAL CONDUCTłON    28

SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION    33

NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION    33

SKELETAL MUSCLE ORGAN IZATI ON    37

EXCITATK>N-CONTRACTION COUPLING    38

THE SŁIDING FlLAMENT THEORY    39

MECHANICAL CONSIOERATIONS IN SKEL...    41

SMOOTH MUSCLE    42

CARDIAC MUSCLE    46

•    CHAPTER 4: Oręanizalion and General Fmv..    49

THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM    49

THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM    SS

•    CHAPTER S Sensory Physsology    59

SENSORY RECEPTORS    59    ’

THE VISUAL SYSTEM    61

THE AUDłTORY SYSTEM    63

THE VES TI BU LAR SYSTEM    69

CHEMICAL SENSES    72

•    CHAPTER 6: The Somalie Motor Syslem    77

MUSCLE SP1NOLES    77

SPINAŁ R£FLEX£S    77

ROLE Of HIGKER CENTERS IN MOTOR CO...    78

^w CHAPTER 7: The Autonomie Ncrvous System    87

A

8n* - ¹

A/WWV^

RosisIdiKc

+50 mV

-VW^- -^K,^ło_mv

g_K= 100

-W— -70 mV

gn = 50 to 150

RMP - 70 mV

Ek

E

No

Eo

f.1 log

|K* oiiisuk*! |K* insidej

61 log

|Na+ oulsidol |Na+ insidel

-61 log

ICI- outsidel |CI“ insidel

The Resting Membranę Potential lon concentration differences between cytosoi (in this example, axoplasm) and interstrtial fluid are produced by the acfivity of transporters, mainły the Na /K ATPase. which pumps Na out of the celi in exchange for K\ which is pumped into the celi (A). (Size of rectangles indicates relative concentration of ions.) The celi membranę has differential permeabilities fo the ions. resułting in leak across the membranę at different rates. The membranę is not permeabłe to proteins. which are negativeły charged and are mainty intracellular. Leakage of K' out of the celi is the major factor m setting the resting membranę potential. because it is the most permeabłe ion. This situation can be modeled as an etectrical Circuit (B), in which potential differences for the ions are expressed (in mV). based on the valuos obtamed from the Nernst eguation. and the permoability of the tons is oxpressed in terms of

Equivalenl

Circuit

diagram