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Netter*s Essentlal Physlology Wfch STUDENT CONSULT Online Access, 1e.pdf —

Ncttcr‘s Essentlal Physłology: Wlth STUDENT CONSULT Online Access

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NETTER*S ESSENTLAL PKYSIOLOCY

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PREFACE

AcknoMe<fyments Aboot the AuthOf s About thc Artists Tobie of contcnts

S«tK>n 1: CRL PHYSIOLOCY. FLUID H .. •Chopte/1: The Celiendflwdnomeos... CELL structure and ORGANIZAT1... THE CELL MEMBRANĘ FLUID COMPARTMENTS: SIZE AND C. .. OSMOSIS. STARLINC FORCES. AND... • Chopte/ 2: Mem brane Transport CELLULAR TRANSPORTU PASSIYE A...

SICNAL TRANSOUCTION MECHANIS.. ReviewQuestlorvs

• Section 2: THE NERVOUS SYSTEM AND ...

•    Ctopter ): Ne<ve and Moście Physiotogy

REST1NG MEMBRANĘ POTENTlALS ELECTROPHYSKAL PRtNCIPLES ACTION POTENTlALS ACTION POTENTIAL CONDUCTK>N SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION N EUROMUSCUl AR JUNCTION SKELETAL MUSCLE ORCANIZATION EXC1TATK>N-CONTRACTION COUPLI... THE SŁIDINC FlLAMENT THEORY MECHANICAL CONSlOERATIONS IN... SMOOTH MUSCLE CARDIAC MUSCLE

•    CHAPTER 4 Orparizatfonand Genera...

THE CENTRAL N£RVOUS SYSTEM THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM - CHAPTER S: Sensory Phy**otoęy SENSORY RECEPTORS THE VISUAL SYSTEM THE AUDlTORY SYSTEM THE VESTIBULAR SYSTEM CHEMICAL SENSES

•    CHAPTER 6: The Somatic Motor System

MUSCLE SPINDLES SPINAŁ R£FL£XCS

ROLE Of HIC KER CENTERS IN MOTO...

•    CHAPTER 7: The Autoromlc Ncrvous...

- Ax —:

AC = C_A - C,

C„ J. Pcrkins

MS Mf \

Diffusion through a Semipermeable Membranę If

the membranę is permeable to a sołute. diffusion can occur down the solute's concentration gradient. The ratę ot diffusion is contingent upon the solute gradient (AC) and the distance through the membranę (Ax).

Many substances are transported into or out of thc ccii via sccondary active transport (2° AT, also known as cotrans-port) with Na'. The Na concentration gradient is maintained by thc active N'a7K‘ pump, which results in diffusion of Na* into thc ccii down its concentration gradient through a specific symporter or antiporter (as describcd earlier), allowing simultancous transport of another molcculc into or out of thc

Facilitated Transporter: Pcrmcase (Uniporter)

D-hexose

Urea

J. Perkins

MS, MM, CMI

EHSEE0 Passive Membranę Transport Passive transport of substances through the membranę can occur via specific channels or transport proteins. Channels (A) can be opened or closed dependmg on the position of the “gate." The conformational change to open and cfose gates can be stimulated by ligand binding or changes in voltage. Specific transport proteins (B) bind substances. undergo conformational change. and rełease the substance on the other side of the membranę.