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THE ŚAIIJKNDRAS OF JAVA 71

each other ; the one of face A dated A. D. 775 emanates from a

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king of Srivijaya, and that of face B is laler and pertains to the Sailendra dynasty.

2.    Coedes abandons his earlier hypothesis conceming the mention of two kings on face B. Only one king Visnu is named.

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3.    The Sailendra king Visnu of Ligor B can be placed between 778 and 782.

The apposition of eka in the flrst half and dvitJya in the second half refers to the fact that the Sailendra king had the imperial title rSjSdhirSja having conquered his enemies and was resplendent like the sun in the First instance and secondly (dvitiya) by his own might (svaśaktySj , he, Visnu

by name, bom in the Sailendra family (Sailendra- varhia - prabhavo, corrected)

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assumed his traditional titulature (nigaditah) of SrimahSrSja. Arab navigators and traders point out that the king of ZSbag (Java) is a Mahflraja.

The district of Ligor was the kingdom of Tambralinga (Chinese: Tan-ma-ling), a dependency of Snvijaya. It was an important trading centre for China (Wheatley 1961:67, 77). The Śailendras must have gone to trade with Tambralinga, but exceeded their rights in trying to inscribe their presence on Ligor B in the monaslic premises. The monks of the monastery and SrTvjjaya officials must have resisled with vio!ence, when they noticed the transgression. Till then, four lines had been inscribed, and the whole efTort had to be

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abandoncd. The Sailendra inscription is in iinpeccable Sanskrit, written in advance, by design, and on imperial orders. It is not an ex tempore composition. The abrupt end is an indication of a violent struggle between the protagonists of Sńvijaya and Sailendra.

Vn. KALASAN INSCRIPTION OF SAKA 700= A. D. 778

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The third evidence of Sailendra presence is the Katasan inscription dated Saka 700=A.D. 778. Its interpretation has been clouded by heavy assumptions. Sanskrit is a precisely inflected language and there is a little scope of ambiguity in meaning. For easier comprehension, the inscription has been put in prose order:

1.    The first stanza does not have political significance.

2.    mah&r&ja/ti dy&h pańcapanarh panariikaranam &varjya (this reading is doubtful) śailcndra - r&jagurubhis śrfmat t&rś-bhavanarh hi k&ritam.

3.    gurvSjiiayS krtajńais t&r2devT krtS, api tad-bhavanam, vinaya-mah8y&navidaiti cipy &rya - bhiksun&ih bhavanam.

4. pańk ura - ta v8na - tfrfpa    n&mabhir rfjńah Śdcśa-ś&strbhih idaiti I8r8bhavanam k&ritam api capy &rya-bhiksun&m.