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Composite Construction
Composite Construction
Composite Construction
Composite Construction
Introduction to
Introduction to
composite
composite
construction of
construction of
buildings
buildings
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Composite Construction
Composite Construction
Composite Construction
Composite Construction
Introduction to
Introduction to
composite
composite
construction of
construction of
buildings
buildings
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General
General
General
General
These two materials complete one
These two materials complete one
another:
another:
Steel
Steel
and concrete
and concrete
Concrete is efficient in compression and
Concrete is efficient in compression and
steel in tension
steel in tension
Concrete encasement restrain steel against
Concrete encasement restrain steel against
buckling
buckling
Protection against corrosion and fire
Protection against corrosion and fire
Steel bring ductility into the structure
Steel bring ductility into the structure
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General
General
General
General
Aspects for using composite
Aspects for using composite
structures:
structures:
Architectural
Architectural
Economical
Economical
Functionality
Functionality
Service and Flexibility
Service and Flexibility
Assembly
Assembly
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Aspects for using composite
Aspects for using composite
structures
structures
Aspects for using composite
Aspects for using composite
structures
structures
Architectural:
Architectural:
Longer spans
Longer spans
Thinner slabs
Thinner slabs
More slender column
More slender column
More generous opportunities
More generous opportunities
for design
for design
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Aspects for using composite
Aspects for using composite
structures
structures
Aspects for using composite
Aspects for using composite
structures
structures
Economical:
Economical:
Reduction of height reduces the
Reduction of height reduces the
total of the building --> saving
total of the building --> saving
area of cladding
area of cladding
Longer spans with the same
Longer spans with the same
height
height
--> column free rooms
--> column free rooms
Additional storeys with the
Additional storeys with the
same total height of building
same total height of building
Quicker time of
Quicker time of
erection:
erection:
Saving costs, earlier completion of the
Saving costs, earlier completion of the
building
building
Lower financing costs
Lower financing costs
Ready for use earlier thus
Ready for use earlier thus
increasing rental income
increasing rental income
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Aspects for using composite
Aspects for using composite
structures
structures
Aspects for using composite
Aspects for using composite
structures
structures
Functionality:
Functionality:
Fire protection by using principles of
Fire protection by using principles of
reinforced concrete in which the concrete
reinforced concrete in which the concrete
protects the steel
protects the steel
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Aspects for using composite
Aspects for using composite
structures
structures
Aspects for using composite
Aspects for using composite
structures
structures
Service and building flexibility:
Service and building flexibility:
Adaptable structures
Adaptable structures
Modification during the life of the building
Modification during the life of the building
Modify services without violating the
Modify services without violating the
privacy of other occupants
privacy of other occupants
Accommodation of service facilities
Accommodation of service facilities
in the ceiling
in the ceiling
within a false floor
within a false floor
in a coffer box running along the
in a coffer box running along the
walls
walls
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Aspects for using composite
Aspects for using composite
structures
structures
Aspects for using composite
Aspects for using composite
structures
structures
Assembly:
Assembly:
Working platforms of steel decking
Working platforms of steel decking
Permanent shuttering
Permanent shuttering
Reinforcement of profiled steel sheetings
Reinforcement of profiled steel sheetings
Speed and simplicity of construction
Speed and simplicity of construction
Quality controlled products ensure greater
Quality controlled products ensure greater
accuracy
accuracy
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Construction methods
Construction methods
Construction methods
Construction methods
Traditionally two counteracting methods of
construction could be observed both
connected with special advantages but also
disadvantages worth mentioning.
Conventional
Conventional
concrete
concrete
construction method
construction method
Construction in steel
Construction in steel
+
+
freedom of form and
freedom of form and
shapes
shapes
+
+
easy to handle
easy to handle
+
+
thermal resistance
thermal resistance
-
-
time-consuming
time-consuming
shuttering
shuttering
-
-
sensitive on tensile
sensitive on tensile
forces
forces
+
+
high ratio between
high ratio between
bearing capacity and
bearing capacity and
weight
weight
+
+
prefabrication
prefabrication
+
+
high accuracy
high accuracy
-
-
low fire resistance
low fire resistance
-
-
need of higher
need of higher
educated personal
educated personal
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Construction methods
Construction methods
Construction methods
Construction methods
Composite
Composite
Construction
Construction
comparing these two methods a combination of
comparing these two methods a combination of
both presents the most economic way
both presents the most economic way
+
+
higher bearing capacity
higher bearing capacity
+
+
higher stiffness
higher stiffness
+
+
plastic redistribution
plastic redistribution
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Construction elements
Construction elements
Construction elements
Construction elements
composite column
floor = beam + slab
composite beam
composite slab
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Construction elements
Construction elements
Construction elements
Construction elements
Composite slabs
Composite slabs
Reinforced concrete
Reinforced concrete
slab
slab
in-situ concrete on shuttering
partially prefabricated slabs
fully prefabricated slabs
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Construction elements
Construction elements
Construction elements
Construction elements
Slabs
Slabs
Pre-stressed concrete slabs
Pre-stressed concrete slabs
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Construction elements
Construction elements
Construction elements
Construction elements
Slabs
Slabs
Profile steel sheeting
Profile steel sheeting
Interlock between steel and concrete
Interlock between steel and concrete
frictiona
frictiona
l
l
mechanic
mechanic
al
al
end anchorage
end anchorage
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Construction elements
Construction elements
Construction elements
Construction elements
Beams
Beams
Conventional and innovative
Conventional and innovative
composite beams
composite beams
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Construction elements
Construction elements
Construction elements
Construction elements
Beams
Beams
Types of shear connectors
Types of shear connectors
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Construction elements
Construction elements
Construction elements
Construction elements
Columns
Columns
Examples of composite
Examples of composite
columns
columns
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Construction elements
Construction elements
Construction elements
Construction elements
Joints
Joints
Example of vertical shear transfer
Example of vertical shear transfer
between beam and column
between beam and column
removed after concreting
bracket with shear connectors
contact piece
weld seam
reinforcement
bracket for the lower flange
shot-fired nails
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Examples
Examples
Examples
Examples
Millennium Tower
Millennium Tower
(Vienna - Austria)
(Vienna - Austria)
55 storeys
55 storeys
Total height 202 m
Total height 202 m
Total ground floor 38000 m2
Total ground floor 38000 m2
Capital expenditure about 145 million Euro
Capital expenditure about 145 million Euro
Time of erection: 8 months
Time of erection: 8 months
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Examples
Examples
Examples
Examples
Millennium Tower
Millennium Tower
(Vienna - Austria)
(Vienna - Austria)
Composite columns
Concrete core
Composite Slim floor beams
Concrete slab
42,3 m
Composite frame
42,3 m
3
3
,0
5
m
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Examples
Examples
Examples
Examples
Millennium Tower
Millennium Tower
(Vienna - Austria)
(Vienna - Austria)
Total time of erection: 8 month
Total time of erection: 8 month
max. speed 2 to 2.5 storeys per week!
max. speed 2 to 2.5 storeys per week!
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Examples
Examples
Examples
Examples
Citibank Duisburg
Citibank Duisburg
(Duisburg - Germany)
(Duisburg - Germany)
15 storeys
15 storeys
Total height 72 m
Total height 72 m
Total ground floor 14500 m2
Total ground floor 14500 m2
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Examples
Examples
Examples
Examples
Parking deck “DEZ”
Parking deck “DEZ”
(Innsbruck - Austria)
(Innsbruck - Austria)
4 storeys
4 storeys
Ground dimensions 60 x 30 m
Ground dimensions 60 x 30 m
Max. span length 10.58 m with
Max. span length 10.58 m with
26 cm slim floor slab (= l/40)
26 cm slim floor slab (= l/40)
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Examples
Examples
Examples
Examples
Parking deck “DEZ”
Parking deck “DEZ”
(Innsbruck - Austria)
(Innsbruck - Austria)
Erection of composite columns over 2 storeys
Erection of composite columns over 2 storeys
Assembly of prefabricated concrete
Assembly of prefabricated concrete
slabs
slabs
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Examples
Examples
Examples
Examples
Parking deck “DEZ”
Parking deck “DEZ”
(Innsbruck - Austria)
(Innsbruck - Austria)
Cross section of the slim-floor beam and slab
Cross section of the slim-floor beam and slab
-200 mm concrete slab
-200 mm concrete slab
-60 mm prefabricated concrete
-60 mm prefabricated concrete
elements
elements
-steel beam:
-steel beam:
web 165/20 mm
web 165/20 mm
flange 245/40 mm
flange 245/40 mm
-headed studs: 22 mm
-headed studs: 22 mm
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Concluding summary
Concluding summary
Concluding summary
Concluding summary
Composite construction is
Composite construction is
popular for buildings because
popular for buildings because
of following aspects:
of following aspects:
Economy
Economy
Architecture
Architecture
Functionality
Functionality
Service and building flexibility
Service and building flexibility
Assembly
Assembly