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Composite Construction

Composite Construction

Composite Construction

Composite Construction

Introduction to

Introduction to

composite

composite

construction of

construction of

buildings

buildings

2

General

General

General

General

These two materials complete one

These two materials complete one

another:

another:

Steel

Steel

and concrete

and concrete



Concrete is efficient in compression and

Concrete is efficient in compression and

steel in tension

steel in tension



Concrete encasement restrain steel against

Concrete encasement restrain steel against

buckling

buckling



Protection against corrosion and fire

Protection against corrosion and fire



Steel bring ductility into the structure

Steel bring ductility into the structure

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General

General

General

General

Aspects for using composite

Aspects for using composite

structures:

structures:



Architectural

Architectural



Economical

Economical



Functionality

Functionality



Service and Flexibility

Service and Flexibility



Assembly

Assembly

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Aspects for using composite

Aspects for using composite

structures

structures

Aspects for using composite

Aspects for using composite

structures

structures

Architectural:

Architectural:



Longer spans

Longer spans



Thinner slabs

Thinner slabs



More slender column

More slender column



More generous opportunities

More generous opportunities

for design

for design

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Aspects for using composite

Aspects for using composite

structures

structures

Aspects for using composite

Aspects for using composite

structures

structures

Economical:

Economical:



Reduction of height reduces the

Reduction of height reduces the

total of the building --> saving

total of the building --> saving

area of cladding

area of cladding



Longer spans with the same

Longer spans with the same

height

height

--> column free rooms

--> column free rooms



Additional storeys with the

Additional storeys with the

same total height of building

same total height of building



Quicker time of

Quicker time of

erection:

erection:



Saving costs, earlier completion of the

Saving costs, earlier completion of the

building

building



Lower financing costs

Lower financing costs



Ready for use earlier thus

Ready for use earlier thus

increasing rental income

increasing rental income

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Aspects for using composite

Aspects for using composite

structures

structures

Aspects for using composite

Aspects for using composite

structures

structures

Functionality:

Functionality:



Fire protection by using principles of

Fire protection by using principles of

reinforced concrete in which the concrete

reinforced concrete in which the concrete

protects the steel

protects the steel

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Aspects for using composite

Aspects for using composite

structures

structures

Aspects for using composite

Aspects for using composite

structures

structures

Service and building flexibility:

Service and building flexibility:



Adaptable structures

Adaptable structures



Modification during the life of the building

Modification during the life of the building



Modify services without violating the

Modify services without violating the

privacy of other occupants

privacy of other occupants



Accommodation of service facilities

Accommodation of service facilities

in the ceiling

in the ceiling

within a false floor

within a false floor

in a coffer box running along the

in a coffer box running along the

walls

walls

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Aspects for using composite

Aspects for using composite

structures

structures

Aspects for using composite

Aspects for using composite

structures

structures

Assembly:

Assembly:



Working platforms of steel decking

Working platforms of steel decking



Permanent shuttering

Permanent shuttering



Reinforcement of profiled steel sheetings

Reinforcement of profiled steel sheetings



Speed and simplicity of construction

Speed and simplicity of construction



Quality controlled products ensure greater

Quality controlled products ensure greater

accuracy

accuracy

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Construction methods

Construction methods

Construction methods

Construction methods

Traditionally two counteracting methods of
construction could be observed both
connected with special advantages but also
disadvantages worth mentioning.



Conventional

Conventional

concrete

concrete

construction method

construction method



Construction in steel

Construction in steel

+

+

freedom of form and

freedom of form and

shapes

shapes

+

+

easy to handle

easy to handle

+

+

thermal resistance

thermal resistance

-

-

time-consuming

time-consuming

shuttering

shuttering

-

-

sensitive on tensile

sensitive on tensile

forces

forces

+

+

high ratio between

high ratio between

bearing capacity and

bearing capacity and

weight

weight

+

+

prefabrication

prefabrication

+

+

high accuracy

high accuracy

-

-

low fire resistance

low fire resistance

-

-

need of higher

need of higher

educated personal

educated personal

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Construction methods

Construction methods

Construction methods

Construction methods



Composite

Composite

Construction

Construction

comparing these two methods a combination of

comparing these two methods a combination of

both presents the most economic way

both presents the most economic way

+

+

higher bearing capacity

higher bearing capacity

+

+

higher stiffness

higher stiffness

+

+

plastic redistribution

plastic redistribution

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Construction elements

Construction elements

Construction elements

Construction elements

composite column

floor = beam + slab

composite beam

composite slab

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Construction elements

Construction elements

Construction elements

Construction elements

Composite slabs

Composite slabs



Reinforced concrete

Reinforced concrete

slab

slab

in-situ concrete on shuttering

partially prefabricated slabs

fully prefabricated slabs

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Construction elements

Construction elements

Construction elements

Construction elements

Slabs

Slabs



Pre-stressed concrete slabs

Pre-stressed concrete slabs

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Construction elements

Construction elements

Construction elements

Construction elements

Slabs

Slabs



Profile steel sheeting

Profile steel sheeting

Interlock between steel and concrete

Interlock between steel and concrete

frictiona

frictiona

l

l

mechanic

mechanic

al

al

end anchorage

end anchorage

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Construction elements

Construction elements

Construction elements

Construction elements

Beams

Beams



Conventional and innovative

Conventional and innovative

composite beams

composite beams

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Construction elements

Construction elements

Construction elements

Construction elements

Beams

Beams



Types of shear connectors

Types of shear connectors

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Construction elements

Construction elements

Construction elements

Construction elements

Columns

Columns



Examples of composite

Examples of composite

columns

columns

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Construction elements

Construction elements

Construction elements

Construction elements

Joints

Joints



Example of vertical shear transfer

Example of vertical shear transfer

between beam and column

between beam and column

removed after concreting

bracket with shear connectors

contact piece

weld seam

reinforcement

bracket for the lower flange

shot-fired nails

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Examples

Examples

Examples

Examples

Millennium Tower

Millennium Tower

(Vienna - Austria)

(Vienna - Austria)



55 storeys

55 storeys



Total height 202 m

Total height 202 m



Total ground floor 38000 m2

Total ground floor 38000 m2



Capital expenditure about 145 million Euro

Capital expenditure about 145 million Euro



Time of erection: 8 months

Time of erection: 8 months

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Examples

Examples

Examples

Examples

Millennium Tower

Millennium Tower

(Vienna - Austria)

(Vienna - Austria)

Composite columns

Concrete core

Composite Slim floor beams

Concrete slab

42,3 m

Composite frame

42,3 m

3

3

,0

5

m

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Examples

Examples

Examples

Examples

Millennium Tower

Millennium Tower

(Vienna - Austria)

(Vienna - Austria)

Total time of erection: 8 month

Total time of erection: 8 month

max. speed 2 to 2.5 storeys per week!

max. speed 2 to 2.5 storeys per week!

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Examples

Examples

Examples

Examples

Citibank Duisburg

Citibank Duisburg

(Duisburg - Germany)

(Duisburg - Germany)



15 storeys

15 storeys



Total height 72 m

Total height 72 m



Total ground floor 14500 m2

Total ground floor 14500 m2

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Examples

Examples

Examples

Examples

Parking deck “DEZ”

Parking deck “DEZ”

(Innsbruck - Austria)

(Innsbruck - Austria)



4 storeys

4 storeys



Ground dimensions 60 x 30 m

Ground dimensions 60 x 30 m



Max. span length 10.58 m with

Max. span length 10.58 m with

26 cm slim floor slab (= l/40)

26 cm slim floor slab (= l/40)

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Examples

Examples

Examples

Examples

Parking deck “DEZ”

Parking deck “DEZ”

(Innsbruck - Austria)

(Innsbruck - Austria)

Erection of composite columns over 2 storeys

Erection of composite columns over 2 storeys

Assembly of prefabricated concrete

Assembly of prefabricated concrete

slabs

slabs

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Examples

Examples

Examples

Examples

Parking deck “DEZ”

Parking deck “DEZ”

(Innsbruck - Austria)

(Innsbruck - Austria)

Cross section of the slim-floor beam and slab

Cross section of the slim-floor beam and slab

-200 mm concrete slab

-200 mm concrete slab

-60 mm prefabricated concrete

-60 mm prefabricated concrete

elements

elements

-steel beam:

-steel beam:

web 165/20 mm

web 165/20 mm

flange 245/40 mm

flange 245/40 mm

-headed studs: 22 mm

-headed studs: 22 mm

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Concluding summary

Concluding summary

Concluding summary

Concluding summary

Composite construction is

Composite construction is

popular for buildings because

popular for buildings because

of following aspects:

of following aspects:



Economy

Economy



Architecture

Architecture



Functionality

Functionality



Service and building flexibility

Service and building flexibility



Assembly

Assembly