ABAP Objects

6-ABAP.1

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You may not rent, lease or distribute the Material to clients or other third parties, but you may transfer the Material to

other employees of PricewaterhouseCoopers.

Introduction to

ABAP Objects

6-ABAP.2

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You may not rent, lease or distribute the Material to clients or other third parties, but you may transfer the Material to

other employees of PricewaterhouseCoopers.

What Is an Object?

Data

Data

Method

Method

Method

ABAP Objects

6-ABAP.3

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You may not rent, lease or distribute the Material to clients or other third parties, but you may transfer the Material to

other employees of PricewaterhouseCoopers.

Class

Objects

Classes

ABAP Objects

6-ABAP.5

This is PricewaterhouseCoopers PROPRIETARY MATERIAL (hereafter, the Material) intended for internal use only.

You may not rent, lease or distribute the Material to clients or other third parties, but you may transfer the Material to

other employees of PricewaterhouseCoopers.

ABAP Objects

• An extension to the ABAP language

• Backward-compatible

• Interchangeable with standard ABAP

ABAP Objects

6-ABAP.6

This is PricewaterhouseCoopers PROPRIETARY MATERIAL (hereafter, the Material) intended for internal use only.

You may not rent, lease or distribute the Material to clients or other third parties, but you may transfer the Material to

other employees of PricewaterhouseCoopers.

ABAP Objects Programming

Class
Declaration

Provides a list of the
attributes and
methods available in
the class

Class
Implementation

The ABAP code that
implements the
defined methods

Using ABAP
Objects

How to use ABAP
objects in an ABAP
program

ABAP Objects

6-ABAP.7

This is PricewaterhouseCoopers PROPRIETARY MATERIAL (hereafter, the Material) intended for internal use only.

You may not rent, lease or distribute the Material to clients or other third parties, but you may transfer the Material to

other employees of PricewaterhouseCoopers.

Class Definition

CLASS number DEFINITION.

PUBLIC SECTION.
METHODS: write_value,
set_value IMPORTING VALUE(new_value) TYPE
I,
increment.

PRIVATE SECTION.
DATA value TYPE I.

ENDCLASS.

Method definition

Attribute definition

ABAP Objects

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You may not rent, lease or distribute the Material to clients or other third parties, but you may transfer the Material to

other employees of PricewaterhouseCoopers.

Class Implementation

CLASS number IMPLEMENTATION.

METHOD increment.
ADD 1 TO value.
ENDMETHOD.

METHOD set_value.
value = new_value.
ENDMETHOD.

METHOD write_value.
WRITE: / 'The number is', value.
ENDMETHOD.

ENDCLASS.

Implementation
of a method

ABAP Objects

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You may not rent, lease or distribute the Material to clients or other third parties, but you may transfer the Material to

other employees of PricewaterhouseCoopers.

Using a Class

REPORT z_object_demo.

DATA: count TYPE REF TO number.

START-OF-SELECTION.

CREATE OBJECT count.

CALL METHOD count->set_value EXPORTING new_value = 5.
CALL METHOD count->write_value.
DO 3 TIMES.
CALL METHOD count->increment.
ENDDO.
CALL METHOD count->write_value.

Declares an
object variable

Instantiates an
object

Method calls

ABAP Objects

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You may not rent, lease or distribute the Material to clients or other third parties, but you may transfer the Material to

other employees of PricewaterhouseCoopers.

Using a Class

Reference Variables

DATA: count TYPE REF TO number.

count

Number

object

CREATE OBJECT count.

ABAP Objects

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You may not rent, lease or distribute the Material to clients or other third parties, but you may transfer the Material to

other employees of PricewaterhouseCoopers.

Using a Class

Objects in Internal Tables

DATA: count TYPE REF TO number
count_table TYPE TABLE OF REF TO number.

CREATE OBJECT count.
APPEND count TO count_table.

CREATE OBJECT count.
APPEND count TO count_table.

Number

object 1

count_table

Number

object 2

ABAP Objects

6-ABAP.14

This is PricewaterhouseCoopers PROPRIETARY MATERIAL (hereafter, the Material) intended for internal use only.

You may not rent, lease or distribute the Material to clients or other third parties, but you may transfer the Material to

other employees of PricewaterhouseCoopers.

Using a Class

Calling Methods

CALL METHOD count->set_value
EXPORTING
new_value = 5.

CALL METHOD count->write_value.

DO 3 TIMES.
CALL METHOD count->increment.
ENDDO.

CALL METHOD count->write_value.

Use Function
Module syntax
for parameters

ABAP Objects

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You may not rent, lease or distribute the Material to clients or other third parties, but you may transfer the Material to

other employees of PricewaterhouseCoopers.

Constructors

CLASS number DEFINITION.
PUBLIC SECTION.
METHODS: CONSTRUCTOR IMPORTING start_value TYPE
I.
ENDCLASS.

CLASS number IMPLEMENTATION.
METHOD CONSTRUCTOR.
* code to initialize the object
ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.

DATA count TYPE REF TO number.
CREATE OBJECT count

EXPORTING start_value = 6.

The constructor is
automatically executed
when the object is
instantiated

ABAP Objects

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You may not rent, lease or distribute the Material to clients or other third parties, but you may transfer the Material to

other employees of PricewaterhouseCoopers.

STATIC Class Members

CLASS number DEFINITION.
PUBLIC SECTION.
CLASS-METHODS:
get_count EXPORTING count TYPE I.

PRIVATE SECTION.
CLASS-DATA:
number_of_objects TYPE I.
ENDCLASS.

CLASS number IMPLEMENTATION.
METHOD get_count.
count = number_of_objects.
ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.

DATA x TYPE I.

number=>get_count
IMPORTING count = x.

Static members
belong to
the class, not the
object

Call a static method
with the
class name and "=>"

ABAP Objects

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You may not rent, lease or distribute the Material to clients or other third parties, but you may transfer the Material to

other employees of PricewaterhouseCoopers.

Class E

Class B

Class D

Class C

Derived Class

Super Class

Super Class

Class Inheritance

Class A

ABAP Objects

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You may not rent, lease or distribute the Material to clients or other third parties, but you may transfer the Material to

other employees of PricewaterhouseCoopers.

Inheritance in ABAP

CLASS imaginary_number DEFINITION
INHERITING FROM number.

PUBLIC SECTION.
DATA imaginary_part TYPE I.

ENDCLASS.

ABAP Objects

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You may not rent, lease or distribute the Material to clients or other third parties, but you may transfer the Material to

other employees of PricewaterhouseCoopers.

The Control Framework



SAP AG 1999

CFW as Seen by the Programmer: Classes

CL_GUI_CONTROL

CL_GUI_OBJ ECT

CL_GUI_CONTAINER

• CL_GUI_CUSTOM_CONTAINER
• CL_GUI_DOCKING_CONTAINER
• CL_GUI_SPLITTER_CONTAINER
• CL_GUI_EASY_SPLITTER_CONTAINER
• CL_GUI_DIALOGBOX_CONTAINER

CL_GUI_PICTURE

CL_GUI_HTML_VIEWER

CL_GUI_TEXTEDIT

CL_GUI_ . . .

CL_GUI_ALV_GRID

CL_GUI_TREE_CONTROL

ABAP Objects

6-ABAP.21

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You may not rent, lease or distribute the Material to clients or other third parties, but you may transfer the Material to

other employees of PricewaterhouseCoopers.

Global vs. Local Classes

Global Classes

Local Classes

Can be accessed
from

Any program

Only the program
where it is defined

Where Stored

In the Class
Repository

In the program
where it is defined

Where Created

With the Class
Builder (SE24)

With the ABAP
Editor

Namespace

Must begin with Y
or Z

Any

You can define a class to be global or local.

ABAP Objects

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You may not rent, lease or distribute the Material to clients or other third parties, but you may transfer the Material to

other employees of PricewaterhouseCoopers.

The Class Builder Utility

ABAP Objects

6-ABAP.23

This is PricewaterhouseCoopers PROPRIETARY MATERIAL (hereafter, the Material) intended for internal use only.

You may not rent, lease or distribute the Material to clients or other third parties, but you may transfer the Material to

other employees of PricewaterhouseCoopers.

ABAP Objects

Advantages and Disadvantages

• Advantages of using ABAP Objects

– Consistency in the development process

– Improves reuse of components

– Improves system maintenance

– Eases external object-based interfaces

• Disadvantages of using ABAP Objects

– Longer development time

– Requires experienced developers

– Database is not object-oriented

– Slower performance