COGNITIVE VARIABLES IN

LANGUAGE ACQUISTION

(IQ, cognitive styles)

Zmienne kognitywne w

przyswajaniu języka

-Iloraz inteligencji oraz style

poznawcze-

• COGNITIVE- KOGNITYWNY

-

poznawczy, dotyczący poznania:
procesy, nauki kognitywne

• IQ

-

liczba określana na podstawie specjalnie

do tego przygotowanego testu, opisująca
poziom inteligencji

THE COGNITIVE DOMAIN

Including several categories:
1. knowledge of facts, theories, rules,etc.,
2. comprehension of the meaning of this knowledge,
3. application of the previous two categories in new

circumstances,

4. analysis that breaks new material into parts and

exposes the relationships among them,

5. synthesis of these parts into new meaningful

wholes, and

6. Evaluation or judgment of the value of the material

against one’s own or others’ explicitly stated
criteria

Cognitive IDs (różnice

indywidualne)

Are hidden within each learner and

allow new facts to be dealt with and/or

new problems to be approached from

one’s own perspective. They comprise

cognitive variations in the processes,

styles, and strategies.

Cognitive styles / learning

styles

• Styles are typical, consistent and

rather enduring preferences,

tendencies, or manners in which

a person does something.

Ehrman, Leaver and Oxford note some

categories of learning styles

1. cognitive styles- field independent/

dependent; analytic/global; reflective/
impulsive .

2. Sensory styles- perceptual: visual,

auditory, tactile, kinesthetic; environmental:
physical, sociological.

3. Personality styles- tolerance of ambiguity,

right- and left-hemisphere dominance.

Cognitive styles and their strategic impact

on L2/FL learning

•Out of all the types of style

identified in psychology, only
a small number play a vital
role in the process of
language learning

Field independence and field

dependence

•Field independence (FI) can

be defined as the ability to
perceive a relevant item
embedded within a ‘field’ of
other, distracting items of a
perceptual or abstract nature,

•Field dependence (FD), on the

other hand, implies the learner's
tendency to perceive and
depend on the total field which
is seen more clearly as a unified
whole than a compilation of
separate elements

Left- and right-brain-hemisphere

specialization

•left hemisphere takes over

logical and analytic thought,
and linear processing of
information

•right brain hemisphere

specializes in appositional
thought and processes data
simultaneously in a ‘gestalt-
synthetic’ mode.

Reflectivity / impulsivity

• Reflective people tend to consider

all the aspects of a given problem

thoroughly before making a final

decision, while impulsive people

guess quickly, especially in

uncertain circumstances

Tolerance of ambiguity

•people with high tolerance do

not build psychological barriers
or feel apprehension when new
facts or events contradict their
existing systems of knowledge
and beliefs.

•people with low ambiguity

tolerance do not accept
novelties and facts
incongruent with their views,
and experience frustration as
a result.

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DZIĘKUJEMY

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