Obliczenie pH badanych roztworów buforowych |
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pH = pK-logc/co |
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pK = -log(1,75*10^-5) |
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pH=pK-logCk+logCs |
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co - stęzenie octanu sodowego |
OH = VNaOH*CNaOH-VHCl-CHCl/Vroztworu |
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c- stężenie kwasu octowego |
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c CH3COOH [M] |
co CH3COONa [M] |
stężenie HCl |
stężenie NaOH |
pH - obliczone |
pH - zmierzone |
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0,1 |
0,1 |
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4,76 |
4,28 |
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0,2 |
0,1 |
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4,46 |
3,99 |
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0,3 |
0,1 |
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4,28 |
3,87 |
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0,4 |
0,1 |
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4,15 |
3,76 |
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0,5 |
0,1 |
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4,06 |
3,54 |
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0,1 |
0,1 |
0,03 |
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4,35 |
3,27 |
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0,1 |
0,1 |
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0,03 |
5,13 |
4,79 |
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V = 50 ml |
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0,1 CH3COOH |
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1 HCl |
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1 M NaOH |
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1 M CH3COOH |
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0,1 NaOH |
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0,1 HCl |
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1 M CH3COONa |
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MIARECZKOWANIE |
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0,1 HCl + 0,1 NaOH |
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Pierwsza pochodna |
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Druga pochodna |
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Pierwsza pochodna |
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Druga pochodna |
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V [ml] NaOH |
pH |
delta V NaOH |
delta pH |
deltapH/deltaV |
V NaOH |
d^2pH/dV^2 |
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0 |
1,95 |
0 |
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V [ml] NaOH |
pH |
delta V NaOH |
delta pH |
deltapH/deltaV |
d^2pH/dV^2 |
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5 |
1,49 |
5 |
-0,46 |
-0,09 |
0 |
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37,2 |
2,49 |
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10 |
2,14 |
5 |
0,65 |
0,13 |
5 |
0,00E+00 |
37,4 |
2,52 |
0,199999999999996 |
0,03 |
0,15 |
1,20E-02 |
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15 |
2,11 |
5 |
-0,03 |
-0,01 |
10 |
-2,72E-02 |
37,6 |
2,56 |
0,200000000000003 |
0,04 |
0,20 |
3,97E-03 |
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20 |
2,23 |
5 |
0,12 |
0,02 |
15 |
6,00E-03 |
37,8 |
2,59 |
0,199999999999996 |
0,03 |
0,15 |
-3,91E-03 |
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25 |
2,28 |
5 |
0,05 |
0,01 |
20 |
-2,80E-03 |
38 |
2,64 |
0,200000000000003 |
0,05 |
0,25 |
7,72E-03 |
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30 |
2,48 |
5 |
0,2 |
0,04 |
25 |
6,00E-03 |
38,2 |
2,68 |
0,200000000000003 |
0,04 |
0,20 |
-3,79E-03 |
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35 |
2,31 |
5 |
-0,17 |
-0,03 |
30 |
-1,48E-02 |
38,4 |
2,73 |
0,199999999999996 |
0,05 |
0,25 |
3,73E-03 |
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40 |
6,24 |
5 |
3,93 |
0,79 |
35 |
1,64E-01 |
38,6 |
2,79 |
0,200000000000003 |
0,06 |
0,30 |
3,66E-03 |
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45 |
11,56 |
5 |
5,32 |
1,06 |
35,2 |
5,56E-02 |
38,8 |
2,86 |
0,199999999999996 |
0,07 |
0,35 |
3,58E-03 |
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39 |
2,92 |
0,200000000000003 |
0,06 |
0,30 |
-3,50E-03 |
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39,2 |
3,03 |
0,200000000000003 |
0,11 |
0,55 |
1,71E-02 |
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39,4 |
3,2 |
0,199999999999996 |
0,17 |
0,85 |
1,98E-02 |
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39,6 |
3,36 |
0,200000000000003 |
0,16 |
0,80 |
-3,13E-03 |
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39,8 |
3,63 |
0,199999999999996 |
0,27 |
1,35 |
3,27E-02 |
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40 |
5,52 |
0,200000000000003 |
1,89 |
9,45 |
4,46E-01 |
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40,2 |
9,64 |
0,200000000000003 |
4,12 |
20,60 |
4,04E-01 |
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40,4 |
10,35 |
0,199999999999996 |
0,709999999999999 |
3,55 |
-3,54E-01 |
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40,6 |
10,58 |
0,200000000000003 |
0,23 |
1,15 |
-4,64E-02 |
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40,8 |
10,78 |
0,199999999999996 |
0,199999999999999 |
1,00 |
-2,84E-03 |
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41 |
10,86 |
0,200000000000003 |
0,08 |
0,40 |
-1,11E-02 |
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41,2 |
10,94 |
0,200000000000003 |
0,08 |
0,40 |
0,00E+00 |
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41,4 |
11,01 |
0,199999999999996 |
0,07 |
0,35 |
-9,14E-04 |
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MIARECZKOWANIE |
0,1 CH3COOH + 1 NaOH |
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Pierwsza pochodna |
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Druga pochodna |
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Pierwsza pochodna |
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Druga pochodna |
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ml NaOH |
pH |
delta V NaOH |
delta pH |
deltapH/deltaV |
V NaOH |
d^2pH/dV^2 |
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ml NaOH |
pH |
delta pH |
deltapH/deltaV |
d^2pH/dV^2 |
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0 |
3,2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
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27 |
5,37 |
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5 |
3,96 |
5 |
0,76 |
0,152 |
5 |
0,0E+00 |
27,2 |
5,39 |
0,02 |
0,02 |
7,4E-04 |
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10 |
4,34 |
5 |
0,38 |
0,076 |
10 |
-1,5E-02 |
27,4 |
5,4 |
0,010000000000001 |
0,010000000000001 |
-3,7E-04 |
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15 |
4,6 |
5 |
0,26 |
0,052 |
15 |
-4,8E-03 |
27,6 |
5,42 |
0,02 |
0,02 |
3,6E-04 |
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20 |
4,88 |
5 |
0,28 |
0,056 |
20 |
8,0E-04 |
27,8 |
5,44 |
0,020000000000001 |
0,020000000000001 |
3,2E-17 |
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25 |
5,21 |
5 |
0,33 |
0,066 |
25 |
2,0E-03 |
28 |
5,49 |
0,05 |
0,05 |
1,1E-03 |
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30 |
5,76 |
5 |
0,55 |
0,11 |
30 |
8,8E-03 |
28,2 |
5,5 |
0,01 |
0,01 |
-1,4E-03 |
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35 |
11,39 |
5 |
5,63 |
1,126 |
30,2 |
2,0E-01 |
28,4 |
5,52 |
0,02 |
0,02 |
3,5E-04 |
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28,6 |
5,55 |
0,03 |
0,03 |
3,5E-04 |
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28,8 |
5,57 |
0,020000000000001 |
0,020000000000001 |
-3,5E-04 |
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29 |
5,59 |
0,02 |
0,02 |
-3,1E-17 |
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29,2 |
5,62 |
0,03 |
0,03 |
3,4E-04 |
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29,4 |
5,66 |
0,04 |
0,04 |
3,4E-04 |
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29,6 |
5,7 |
0,04 |
0,04 |
0,0E+00 |
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29,8 |
5,74 |
0,04 |
0,04 |
0,0E+00 |
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30 |
5,77 |
0,029999999999999 |
0,029999999999999 |
-3,4E-04 |
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30,2 |
5,8 |
0,03 |
0,03 |
3,0E-17 |
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30,4 |
5,84 |
0,04 |
0,04 |
3,3E-04 |
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30,6 |
5,89 |
0,05 |
0,05 |
3,3E-04 |
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30,8 |
5,95 |
0,060000000000001 |
0,060000000000001 |
3,3E-04 |
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31 |
6,02 |
0,069999999999999 |
0,069999999999999 |
3,2E-04 |
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31,2 |
6,06 |
0,04 |
0,04 |
-9,7E-04 |
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31,4 |
6,19 |
0,130000000000001 |
0,130000000000001 |
2,9E-03 |
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31,6 |
6,26 |
0,069999999999999 |
0,069999999999999 |
-1,9E-03 |
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31,8 |
6,38 |
0,12 |
0,12 |
1,6E-03 |
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32 |
6,54 |
0,16 |
0,16 |
1,3E-03 |
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32,2 |
6,75 |
0,21 |
0,21 |
1,6E-03 |
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32,4 |
7,53 |
0,78 |
0,78 |
1,8E-02 |
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32,6 |
9,38 |
1,85 |
1,85 |
3,3E-02 |
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32,8 |
10,16 |
0,779999999999999 |
0,779999999999999 |
-3,3E-02 |
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33 |
10,49 |
0,33 |
0,33 |
-1,4E-02 |
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33,2 |
10,69 |
0,199999999999999 |
0,199999999999999 |
-3,9E-03 |
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33,4 |
10,86 |
0,17 |
0,17 |
-9,0E-04 |
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33,6 |
10,93 |
0,07 |
0,07 |
-3,0E-03 |
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33,8 |
11,04 |
0,109999999999999 |
0,109999999999999 |
1,2E-03 |
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34 |
11,08 |
0,040000000000001 |
0,040000000000001 |
-2,1E-03 |
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przed punktem równoważnikowym |
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przed punktem równoważnikowym |
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Wzór: |
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Obliczenia teoretyczne |
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V NaOH [ml] |
V HCl [ml] |
C HCl |
C NaOH |
pH |
Licznik |
Mianownik |
cH+ |
pH |
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37,2 |
40 |
0,1 |
0,1 |
2,49 |
0,279999999999999 |
77,2 |
0,0036 |
2,44 |
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37,4 |
40 |
0,1 |
0,1 |
2,52 |
0,26 |
77,4 |
0,0034 |
2,47 |
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37,6 |
40 |
0,1 |
0,1 |
2,56 |
0,24 |
77,6 |
0,0031 |
2,51 |
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37,8 |
40 |
0,1 |
0,1 |
2,59 |
0,22 |
77,8 |
0,0028 |
2,55 |
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38 |
40 |
0,1 |
0,1 |
2,64 |
0,2 |
78 |
0,0026 |
2,59 |
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38,2 |
40 |
0,1 |
0,1 |
2,68 |
0,18 |
78,2 |
0,0023 |
2,64 |
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38,4 |
40 |
0,1 |
0,1 |
2,73 |
0,16 |
78,4 |
0,0020 |
2,69 |
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38,6 |
40 |
0,1 |
0,1 |
2,79 |
0,14 |
78,6 |
0,0018 |
2,75 |
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38,8 |
40 |
0,1 |
0,1 |
2,86 |
0,12 |
78,8 |
0,0015 |
2,82 |
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39 |
40 |
0,1 |
0,1 |
2,92 |
0,1 |
79 |
0,0013 |
2,90 |
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39,2 |
40 |
0,1 |
0,1 |
3,03 |
0,08 |
79,2 |
0,0010 |
3,00 |
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39,4 |
40 |
0,1 |
0,1 |
3,2 |
0,06 |
79,4 |
0,0008 |
3,12 |
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39,6 |
40 |
0,1 |
0,1 |
3,36 |
0,04 |
79,6 |
0,0005 |
3,30 |
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39,8 |
40 |
0,1 |
0,1 |
3,63 |
0,02 |
79,8 |
0,0003 |
3,60 |
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40 |
40 |
0,1 |
0,1 |
5,52 |
0 |
80 |
0,0000 |
7,00 |
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40,2 |
40 |
0,1 |
0,1 |
9,64 |
0,020000000000001 |
80,2 |
0,0002 |
10,40 |
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40,4 |
40 |
0,1 |
0,1 |
10,35 |
0,04 |
80,4 |
0,0005 |
10,70 |
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40,6 |
40 |
0,1 |
0,1 |
10,58 |
0,060000000000001 |
80,6 |
0,0007 |
10,87 |
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40,8 |
40 |
0,1 |
0,1 |
10,78 |
0,08 |
80,8 |
0,0010 |
11,00 |
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41 |
40 |
0,1 |
0,1 |
10,86 |
0,100000000000001 |
81 |
0,0012 |
11,09 |
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41,2 |
40 |
0,1 |
0,1 |
10,94 |
0,12 |
81,2 |
0,0015 |
11,17 |
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41,4 |
40 |
0,1 |
0,1 |
11,01 |
0,14 |
81,4 |
0,0017 |
11,24 |
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